which individual countries would do something like that. and good as all those must . and in any case who would benefit from it in order to answer that question or they can no man wants to learn a lot more about clown. this measuring device attached to a balloon uses a laser to examine individual cloud particles it's not clear that thinning out serious counts in central europe would have an overall benefit and if the seeding was done incorrectly it might cause even more serious to form but perhaps this method of halting warming would be effective in the far north. it would definitely make sense to seed arctic cirrus clouds especially in the winter. a limb did because they have no sunlight during the winter months so it would really just because they warming effects and yes we want to preserve the

arctic sea ice of course but there are economic interests in the arctic being never composed of so who wins out given. manipulating the warming serious clown to still fearing but making funda gowns rain down in order to prevent damage from hail has long been practiced in germany so called hail fliers like whole get macone show that weather isn't just a question of things so what's in there or go oh. you've got the liquid and acetone solution with 3 percent silver iodide. the other got a pump and a valve controlled from inside. behind as a combustion chamber and there's an adviser now as well where the mixture ignites. these days people across the manipulate the whether china has a hj. huge government agency that sends rockets into the clown's how and whether

the silver iodide works hasn't been conclusively proven it probably creates more ice crystals which become rain more quickly since launch scale hail damage in the area around dawn now edging on in 2006 there have been no more instances in the region which they don't lend to the figure that because of turbulence the plane gets pulled up towards and also pushed downwards that can cause stalling you have to make sure the structure doesn't get overloaded avoid that the clouds don't pull you into areas where you aren't in control anymore or you have a. whole good macone finds where other pilots wouldn't he tries to spread the silver iodide into our drafts that way it can rise and get distributed into the cloud from a bomb. in one sense climate is nothing but the sum of weather events to change the climate weather has to be manipulated on

a large scale and permanently hail fires only and to influence weather on a local level. but vibration it's what we're doing isn't exactly geo engineering or if it's more like protection we're trying to change the material state from solid to liquid in that sense the impact on the atmosphere is relatively small if you think but in general i don't think it's a good idea to interfere with the weather globally. more not. by less but the guys they're letting a genie out of the bottle and it could have its revenge if things change to the point where people can't control it anymore i don't think anyone wants to experience that. people will probably be prepared to take bigger and bigger risks as the effects of climate change while

some. gracey is a melting everywhere like the amish in the swiss alps the mountains a crumbling. village on the screen monteverdi one day when i think of the climate and global warming i also think of all these steep mountains where rock falls and landslides going to happen i worry about the people who live there and. switzerland is one of the european countries most affected by climate change. only if you want to glacier yes you know who go to that song has been observing the on natch for a long time over the last 6 to 8 years the glazier amounts has again accelerated enormously. so not just the glaciers terminus has receded 3 kilometers sense $870.00 now it loses an average of 50 or 60 meters of length

a year to meet the police sometimes $100.00. and so on all those the size fits all how many years until it's completely gone shrewdness. based on models i think in 80 years it'll be a long way so really tiny plane a bit up there isn't it maybe your heart lead us to think when it hurts to think of a glacier like this which is huge and very beautiful and picture at length on. the effects of. the mounting glazier isn't just an especially big problem the mountain where on most flu has started to move an incredible 150000000 cubic meters of rock has become to slide. since 2012 it's happening faster and faster cracks of forming dozens of meters deep in time amounts in could come down on the glazier before humans began warming the won't the on that was about 400

meters thick a field that is 400 meters of ice gives about 30 bars of pressure so that 30 bar pushed against the mountain because that pressure is now gone as the glaciers melted the mountain is sliding down to the glaciers terminus so it's just sliding away the extent that is the only unimaginable force of this is. it's almost 2 kilometers wide and 1.3 kilometers long and then everything is moving that's unbelievably big. red so listens to the mountains using geophones g.p.s. devices measure the displacement while satellites observe with radar even if the great catastrophe combi stopped the swiss want to be prepared when the mountain collapses they spend 250000000 swiss francs a year on securing their mom since this is only. in the well for us as

a specialist what's happening is extremely striking because you rarely see it it's unbelievable that new fractures are occurring not only in existing weak areas but also right across the goodnights the hard sell in those nice sort of. major is telling us something saying don't turn the heat up any more right right like we're being shown how it will be if we keep on like this yeah it's a process of. getting the genie back into the bottle here is no easy thing in peru researches are asking how the oceans might help us avert a climate catastrophe there also and so on the ocean is such a fascinating. and beautiful habitat impacts organises i worry that my grandchildren won't be able to experience it and its beauty in all its richness and for literally. for marine research or 3 bezout the plan isn't to cool

off by reducing some might not to mitigate the greenhouse effect itself. he wants to influence the oceans in such a way that they absorb greenhouse gases from the atmosphere and so reduce the very thing that causes temperatures to rise. is an issue does a good day to us assist i'm excited about the idea of rescinding so many people it might sound a bit like playing god let's but after all we change so much on land. deviates are largely our wildly active and don't think twice about land clearing here or creating another manmade ecosystem their system. but when it comes to the sea we find it hard to say why we shouldn't make sensible changes as far as. the oceans are already a gigantic c o 2 reservoir 50 times larger than the atmosphere they already absorb

a quarter of our greenhouse gases is that the limits of the oceans potential or is it possible to make them do a little more. just . rivers al had said an international research group of 60 scientists and technicians they want to understand how climate change is affecting the special current system off peru. just best of us the best thing we can do now is to really tap these options and not wait any longer because in 10 years we're going to have to start and. knowing them in 10 years we'll have to begin climate engineering measuring these so-called negative emission technologies going on somehow getting c o 2 from the atmosphere and storing it somewhere else otherwise we're not going to achieve the climate target set in paris is technically not going to have much. to

free busy. is to want to officially create a system like the natural one caused by the who pulled current off peru which ensures rich algae growth fish and other marine animals benefit to us it's an incredibly productive system here nutrient rich water from the depths is brought up through what's called upwelling that creates a lot of fido plankton growth leading to a very efficient food chain the vault. couldn't be replicated as a kind of global and conditioning system to access the deep water hoses up to 100 meters long would be lowered into the sea. the cold nutrition rich wants or would be pumped up once floating wind turbines could provide the required energy. when it reaches the suffers the deep water would cool the half but above all it would

fertilize the layout of want to come tom would begin to grow absorbing c o 2 from the ass and when it die and it would take the greenhouse gas with it into the depths. there's already a lot of upwelling here but the question is could we do it in regions that are completely unproductive today we call them oceanic deserts they're not dry but they're nutrient poor so nothing grows they make up a good 50 percent of the oceans the so-called deserts. the idea we're looking into is this if you artificially create upwelling there you could absorb more c o 2 and you could also boost the fishing yield. there would have to be thousands of these systems in the us. to make a real difference. in limas military force or free bizarre shows us his experimental setups the aim of

his research is to better understand marine food chains. he calls the floating ranks mizo calls on. this is what artificial systems for the op whiling of deep water would look like. fish where the smoke pot technically speaking it's possible the question is whether you want to do it the potential of the oceans is huge the supply of nutrients in the ocean depths is virtually an exhaustible now it's ownership. or free was our hopes that a significant portion of human made greenhouse gases could be absorbed into the oceans in this way his experiments have already yielded an important finding in order to absorb more c o 2 than is transported upwards from the deep water in the pumps and the hose systems should be repeatedly switched on and off this technique would achieve

a 4 fold increase in the c o 2 uptake of the oceans in these areas as a positive sign to fact fish populations would also be stimulated. but nothing stays on the seabed forever it would be a case of buying time time we desperately need so far governments haven't engaged with the topic of jazz or engineering there are important questions to be answered like who would decide what measures to pursue who would bang into the un the right institution and so what i'm worried about is that my granddaughter who is just 2 months old she will live to the end of the century and i don't want her to live in a world where somebody else decides to spray into the stratosphere in. planet without asking. pashto or lives on like geneva he was the right hand man to u.n. secretary general ban ki moon now he had some nongovernmental initiative by team to

increase the political awareness of geo engineering. scientific technical engineering issues related to these new technologies are sometimes quite challenging but the governance issues are even more challenging this is part of the culture of managing climate risks that we have to think about and we need options probably and we need more and we need them sooner because we are in. individual nations manipulated solar radiation on their own yet last passion or fear is that it could unbalance the climate in other countries. what is a plausible scenario is that a country that is baby badly affected by climate change for example a group of small island countries will fix it if they decide to do it and solar

radiation modification is at least a direct costs scientists tell us it's not that expensive so as a medium sized country could do it and wealthy individual could do it to save the world that could be done by a major nation today yes. which brings in problems right of course but but that's true of all sorts of things so there are lots of things in this world that could be done you know a lot of these data are done david you can all look people and i and say the u.s. government you know will do this unilaterally but it will be fair to the whole world you know i don't think that that's at all tibet's us that's a realistic scenario doesn't that it's unable to take advantage of the weather is something that of course gives the nation an advantage if they can do it is. i think it's already being done today because the moment you see 2 outs to make it rain then the water that must have been bound for a neighboring country is gone up by one club you'll have a company but i can go you know in the same way that arms dealers go around the

world and say oh well if you want to if you want to be safe you know buyer technology. such unilateral efforts could jeopardize the climate of a neighboring country although the intergovernmental panel on climate change has warned of the risks it doesn't rule out geo engineering as a last result which is something the intergovernmental panel on climate change says must in order to prevent global temperatures from rising century after century. almost c o 2 that humanity has released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels has to be removed. we've come to iceland to find out how. in iceland's largest geothermal power plant it's already being achieved on a small scale. what i'm most afraid of when it comes to climate change is.

we will have a large global refugee problem not it will turn nations against each other this is class was from climb wax tests it's technology it's like a vacuum with a good in here and this you know to. sort of stick to our surface of a specific chemical it's in this unit there on the. and then we get the c o 23 air out on this side. so it all comes through here and it lowers it from $400.00 parts per 1000000 from true to less than $100.00 to less than $100.00 you know. that's really how i mean the concentration of c o 2 is a very little in the air. it's still too hard yeah it's not a little words which makes their cut your. take on a bigger technological challenge than cuts in c o 2 from points or 0. 02 filters in

a similar way there's nothing new about crime watch technology in a chemical processor some based on mains derivatives of ammonia combined with c o 2 when the i mean mass a full day heated then they release the cme to full final storage the process is repeated thousands of times but the methods called carbon capture is very energy intensive each tongan of c o 2 filtered from the yeah. 2 and a half 1000 kilowatt hours of energy a huge amount so it only makes sense in places with lots of excess renewable energy or waste heat like here in iceland with its infinite geothermal energy. where you imagine an earth where we have hundreds of thousands of these machines yeah i can mr you can i can yeah. i can i can imagine such

a world where we start to think only locate those units we had we have the favorable geological conditions but of course the test to make sense of course but i mean i guess we have to we have to thank big and we have to are we are to be successful in getting 110th of. one b. change each ton of c o 2 films or by climax costs about $500.00 euro and want them where doing the research is in iceland have found a spectacular with a copper fix experiment the 1st step is to dissolve the c o 2 and won't water like soda so we inject it down to kilometer to 2 kilometers. on top of that after syd's 800 meter of ground water. meaning what we have very high pressure much higher pressure than in here needed to keep everything dissolved so nothing is there more or less there is a there is

a live. there and this came here and then we have really the very exciting chemistry happening as well because where it quickly the c o 2 interacts with the purcell for us so in less than 2 years it's turned into a new type of rock and you know once it's rough it's just a rock it's not going anywhere. contains lots of calcium magnesium and i am these minerals react with the greenhouse gas theoretical sort of the capacity of a soft on earth are the a minimum an order of magnitude larger than c o 2 that we would emit if we would were all fossil fuel available. which we hope will never happen so far just 12000 thomson c o 2 power yeah i'm buried here. to make a difference the number would have to be in the billions concern for the state of

the art is wants driving scientists and conservationists like chris tompkins. but her approach to preserving the beauty of nature could hardly be more different she wants swathes of nature to be restored as much as possible to the way they walk before human intervention. so when we got this ranch. all of the local were forced to enter the high grounds because this was all use for grazing lifestyle. so this was a big fight. between ranchers and conservationists and still it's in argentina that. ranchers see one now goes as competitors and. they want to get rid of it everywhere around the world there's this inherent conflict between conservation and well so. it happens

almost everywhere really. the patagonia park want challenges have to be overcome to turn back the clock and save what could still be sanct. 600 kilometers of fences had to be removed 30000 sheep solved roads dismantled and trees planted. it took more than 10 years just for the grassers to return. bringing back native animals has proven to be difficult. there's now been success with the endangered andean deer humus are also back. office breashears have to be bred back into the area. here on the argentinian border of the park but only to south america are being raised.

nando's. they had completely disappeared from this area. due to the creatures of flightless they have fathers other now only to warm them through the chilly patagonian winter. 16 have already been released into the wild. the plan is for a population of $100.00 it requires huge after. what was once lost. the impacts of climate change the loss of the top predators and how that is a cascading effect over all habitat and how it affects human well being as well all those things. it's not something that's going to happen in the

future it's happening now you know a lot of people don't believe that's true but then not believing it doesn't make it he less true are we going to survive and actually if you look at that process we've been through to the earth the damage i don't think that's the question i think that's a very anthropocentric question are we going to survive i don't think all of us will why is that why are we doing this. as the question and all the answers at the moment anyway lead me to think that where willing to risk everything so that we can have a 2nd refrigerator. you know and that's why people young people and old people are in the streets. because how dare you as

that says. and chris tomkins himself has no exemption if the younger generation isn't to end up being forced into using geo engineering then climate protection efforts must increase dramatically. and yet the very prospect of technical solutions could spiny efforts to carp c o 2 emissions it's a certainty that some people who want to fight against emissions or others like recoil or fossil rich nations may exploit the work we're doing exaggerating how well this works falsely true in what lies claim that we don't need to cut emissions that's of course complete nonsense we do have to cut emissions but i don't think the fact that people will put it we explored this a little bit is a reason that we should you know hear no evil see no evil try and pretend there's nothing here. is kathy hoffman i haven't given up hope

that will turn things around in time then is the end if we do i think it would be responsible to do some geo engineering for a time all just to flatten this peak of the warming a little bit since we used to have albums i'd say temporary solar radiation management and it was removing c o 2 from the atmosphere will have to be done over a long time as all the sea a to leave a message has to be taken out of the atmosphere would one of the deals geo engineering the terms geo engineering is a misnomer it will never understand it in terms of going in there like engineers stuff has to feel our way and learn as we go and we'll have to be able to stop at any time without it coming back to bite us all still that's a basic that's wireman to false out so i'll only consider such measures if we know for sure we can stop without negative consequences were done to help them adjust your position to the science is an ambiguous existing measures on to not to keep

the. i'm stable so it's probably only a matter of time until radical geo engineering comes into play harlow we are in the next few years and it's really sort of proper tipping point on how things unfold and minds are not made we are ready to drastically change our way of living on india with museums. put a lot of effort to end today's filters but hot available but we need to apply that . a huge scale and if we do that that we are certainly will be successful. to destroy beauty to actually just start pulling this. little from around. to contests which is the 1st full step but it's been a challenge to get the breakdown of social structure sinister and so.

on think there is a whole new assistant goodman style. preston all of that stuff in an employer paying attention we should start suing back the other direction. tensing took over come down dres. changing the world with debts. own words require. one full body in just. a quick look

at the journey home mom. parts 20. to 30 minutes long d.w. . it's their obsession for spectacular pictures. it's their passion for nature. it's their complete devotion that. while most photographers in the world. simulating. confrontational and stirring. 5 adventures. one goal. the preservation of our climate. is not as an issue of heart trees and certain kinds anymore. exhausts birds danger surat.

passion for china starts november 6th on t.w. . this is g w news live from berlin standing in solidarity people across france honor the well liked history teacher who was beheaded after discussing cartoons of the muslim faith and mohammad with his class an 11th person is detained over the killing also coming up to a show of mass defiance thousands of pro-democracy protesters rally in thailand for

a 5th straight day despite increasing government efforts to stop them.