attacked police. france called it an attack on french values. but. it is no accident that it is a teacher who has been killed by a terrorist because he wanted to kill the republican the values it represents 15 light meant the possibility to make our children wherever they come from believers are nonbelievers whatever their religion to make them free citizens the seat where young people francis said to hold a national tribute for the victim in the coming days. i'm joined by and elizabeth taylor a journalist in paris analyser but good to have you with us there are demonstrations in solidarity rallies for the victim taking place across the country what more can you tell us about them. they're all demonstrations in about 10 large cities in france and they include arris new york bulldog co must say nice

and there's an outrage in the country that is comparable to the outrage when the call to mr challis and door were slain 5 years if you. teach chinese 1st lady. children. he's built by the terrorists is there any new information about the attacker. we moved quite a few things now we know that he's an 18 year he was an 18 year old who was born in moscow was refused to sign and then heard and was about to be refused to sign of him in frost but that was overruled by the judge. who apparently has been radicalized in various ways we do not know what we do not know is whether he was preparing for this against this teacher he could not to be a very long time because the teacher and not being targeted until he made that call so that less than less than

a week ago but we also know. he was not a pupil in that school he did not attend that the class and he took it upon himself to go and kill the teacher. as surely you know france's long balanced secular and christian to dish traditions and yet over the years there's been a rise in influx some would say of extremist elements outsiders my quickly attribute these attacks to that inevitable tension how do the french explain it. the french explain it exactly as you did which is that. we have had for a long time of muslims in france because france had muslim colonies and then after colonize ation they still came to france and the relationships with the 1st generation were pretty good and they were not radicalized in a way that we are seeing which dates back from the 1980 years when 100 be islam extremist islam funded at the time by saudi arabia and now still funded by qatar

not has started demanding more and will separate ways of living for instance we have a bill against the full cover in the book and that did not exist in algeria did not exist in morocco and cetera but it appeared in france usually among converts and that was many signs of people who wanted to live in not completely apart. and do not allow for instance the women to go out at cetera and who resent any expression of free speech that doesn't fit their narrow conceptions of religion and elizabeth would take in paris force thank you so much and elizabeth to south america now bolivians are going to the polls today in a intensely awaited rerun of the $29000.00 presidential election voting is taking place as the country struggles with a raging pandemic and amid fears of violence bolivia remains bitterly divided along ethnic lines former president ever alice is not on the ballot sheet for the 1st

time in 20 years but the election is seen by many as a referendum on his legacy. the front runner in bolivia's presidential race is luis things like he ally of former president edelman alice their left wing socialist party champions the cause of the impoverished indigenous people who make up 2 thirds of the population. we're going to give the libyan people what they need . economic stability. political stability and social stability thanks a message that appeals to many after the turbulence of recent is table morales resigned almost a year ago in the wake of fine and street protests which broke out after he tried to gain a 4th term in office not normally allowed under the constitution. but he remains

popular amongst the indigenous population and has endorsed luis as his successor many hope he can build on morality earlier successes in lifting millions out of poverty and helping grow the economy. the biggest challenge for the socialist is from centrist candidate carlos messer who has dismissed as a puppet of morales he says the former president was pro rock to know for a cherry and announced to govern through the back door. make no mistake we're the only ones who can definitely defeat evil morality and louis c. because as a is nothing more than miranda's without morals thank. heaven wins the election faces a huge challenge the landlocked mountainous nation is still one of the poorest in south america. the country's precarious public health system has struggled to cope with a coronavirus and bolivia is now facing its worst economic crisis in decades polls

predicts the vote will go to a 2nd round runoff between mr and say that could put more pressure on eva morale if as his opponents would likely unite against him. earlier i spoke with a correspondent your one maria ramirez in la paz i asked him whether there's socialist candidate luis i'd say is facing a serious challenge in this election. according to the polls loose are shrewd could win this election in the 1st round but nonetheless the battle of mass of the guy who is exactly in this moment of voting here is to assure that we will have a 2nd round and honestly falls are very difficult to to trust at this moment congressman issa is to hear out of this election center and many of the supporter so we

see this kind of awful movements he wondering if the society is very divided so what polls say could not really showing a real person what the reality is both have to go on for this night around 8 pm for now the 1st the results of this stuff is wrong in your mind as you surely know there was unrest after the last election amid fraud allegations is your widespread concern that that just might happen again. the problem is that. loose out of the candidates offer every one of his party he has said that he's not going to recognize any other result but a victory so. assured that we'll have a 2nd round so we have 2 different point of view here we have to radicals are both of you saw some of these sites is going to be very disappointed i'm a supporter stu so it could bring some plus as. we say i think that we're going to

have a sunday a peaceful sunday day but the evening could be could be very tense here in bolivia we only have about 30 seconds but just very quickly give us a say a sense of what's at stake here there's the new president surely faces some big challenges. yeah the big challenge now is the economy and not just because particular situation in libya but because of the pandemic that has shaken the whole world where libya used to have a very unstable economy in part thanks to lease r.c. who was minister of economy during almost 40 years with evan with alice so now that's the big challenge 30 percent of unemployment 7 point. there they can only have decreased 7 point per cent by this year so that is going to be other challenge but the biggest challenge is of course to night this society go hunt thank you so much joined here and there is in the pause thank you. now to some of the other

stories making news around the world at this hour or media and. breaking the latest ceasefire in the disputed region. it came into force the truce agreed to late saturday was the 2nd attempted armistice in a week hundreds have died in 3 weeks of clashes over the region. a suicide car bombing has killed at least 13 people and wounded about a 120 in western afghanistan the blast damaged several government buildings including the police station and the women's affairs office in the main city of province no one immediately claimed responsibility for the attack. tens of thousands of people have marched through the streets of the capital minutes despite officials threats to use firearms against demonstrators once more demanding the resignation of president alexander lukashenko who was sworn in for 6 term after

disputed elections in august more than 100 protesters have reportedly been arrested . thousands of protesters are again taking your the streets in cities across thailand it's the 5th straight day of rallies calling for a new government and constitutional reform protesters have turned out undeterred despite the arrest of several activists and the shutdown of transit networks. sports now and defending champions by immunex thrash newly promoted below felled on saturday the wind moves the bavarians up to 2nd in the table. and involved right from the start playing in. 8 minutes. i have never. himself i have. complete control the power. second wasn't quite as evidence that i

count the visitors free no on the stroke of half time. grabbed his 2nd feed off of the restarts i am the richie joe and pulled one back for peter crouch brian had a man send pouncey flick side easily howled on for the full one victory thanks to 2 with their most familiar faces. brucia dortmund beat hoffenheim for the 1st time in 6 meetings substituted shirley holland and marco royce combined with 14 minutes to go voice lauding into the empty net oftentimes struggled with their top scorer. she missed the game after testing positive for corona virus and so one goal proved enough for dortmund up to 3rd in the table. to of all things sailing now in the spectacular middle c. race is underway in malta though like most sporting events at the moment it's been

affected by the pandemic. just 50 yachts are competing this year that's half the usual number due to coronavirus restrictions the race is over a 1000 kilometers long in circles around the mediterranean sea finishing in valetta grand harbor in malta as capital city. you're watching news from berlin up next doc film examines the time when a divided germany was the epicenter of the cold war more news in 45 minutes. and you hear me now i guess we're going to leave you and how it all stands gentlemen songs that i want to bring you i'm going to back off and have never have been surprised himself with what is possible who is magical really what moves back and want. to talk to people who follow along the way maurice and critics alike join

us from ethel's law stopped. cold war it was an ideological war people said you know it it's got clear what system is best what system will prevail. in fact of it which are long time the issue of who was more powerful economically to see was not totally clearly displayed and in the west despotic shock caused total panic sets africa. how surprising was that now it's us who are showing the west showing the americans what technical progress is from which. the moderates got to say i'm going to have a military doctrine at the time was mutual assured destruction we were prepared to speak at a time. really we're. just going to throw them in the 1st 15 minutes of

a war germany would have gone up in flames like a tool. it had we were really scared because it could all kick off any time someone goes crazy and bam we're in the middle of it to mine. in the early 1970 s. the world was largely divided between 2 superpowers and for moscow and washington the fight for supremacy remained an ongoing battle with upgraded weapons new proxy wars and new perceived threats there seemed to be no end in sight to the out of control arms race. the plans of the united states in the soviet union still saw germany as the main theater of a potential new hot conflict. this would be the stage for any devastating 3rd world

war. both east and west germany were awash with troops tanks and countless other weapons with each superpower blaming the other for the arms race. meanwhile people in the west were watching abends unfold on television and a new proxy war between the superpowers in southeast asia as the us waged war in vietnam. in the form of. the remember the stranger in need was an incredibly savage conduct like we did with napalm bombs that he fully aided entire swaths of land in. the vietnam war was far away but all too close. it was a conflict that would also have

a major impact on the cold war inching the perception of america in the west while reinforcing the countries in. which in the eastern bloc. safin of the time i was deeply shocked by some of the footage we were shown that he shouldn't put pictures of people lying dead in the street. to a terrible. czech and. vietnam had been a divided country since the pullout of former colonial power france in 1954. min the leader in the north wanted to establish a united communist vietnam with the support of the soviet union and china determined to prevent that scenario the us sent in troops to support the south of the country a new proxy war and suit in which both washington and moscow were involved whether directly or indirectly by the end of the 1960 s. at the height of what a stance of lee had been a civil war the us had half

a 1000000 men stationed in vietnam it was a war waged without mercy more than 50000 american troops died half of them under the age of 21 the soviet bloc supported the men with east germany providing medical assistance and domestically to the one party state in east berlin insisted on its people helping the north. vietnam and them in health vietnam side. is god so shocked you would fund raising campaigns were launched asking us to donate money for vietnam do you feel good numbers been did you have inside them up thank you family man let you sure know about. you always on schmutz think fish on your phone with jets and panamanian fog. you know for a new me i get you and then change one maybe comment. i discovered that most of the money was used solely to buy arms however people really did send packages i can

remember that we too took that seriously i thought it was a good thing when she was. in. 1975 the war ended in victory for the north vietnamese in a further blow to the supposed it moral superiority of the west the estimates of the casualties of the war primarily been the means civilians range between 2 and 5000000 people peace in vietnam was at least followed by a period of detente between the 2 superpowers culminating and the whole in ski accords in 1975. the $35.00 signatories pledge to settle disputes peacefully and to observe fundamental freedoms and human rights including west and east german leaders and which schmidt and hanukah human rights invoked by east german activists . the hope now is for at least a slowdown on arms escalation and closer economic cooperation between the 2 blocks . and it was the germans who benefited most from these

agreements. the berlin wall was perforated and labeling the passage of goods and loans and for germans to visit relatives on the other side of the divide . to what was now in each case an alien country. this country in the whole environment was extremely oppressive acquitted by a man evolved so just visible every last in fact. it was difficult. to simply get such a little printed matter we had with us was regarded as propaganda material irrespective of whether it was the stand news magazine a women's magazine or a novel that made no difference it was seen as a topic and a material. due to material shortages in east germany relatives in the west would often bring particular foods and consumer items with them as presents

a range of goods were unavailable simply because the east german authorities sold them to the west for hard. currency. as some were openly displayed in shop windows the u.s. was well aware of this growing source of income. we forget for example that if you were a west german citizen you wanted to visit the east you had to pay a large fee even go across the wall and and if there were all kinds of subventions and subsidies that the rich west germany paid to east germany and in my judgment that kind of that kind of economic support those subsidies simply prolonged a very corrupt in effective inefficient regime. it was a regime that continued to invest a large share of its budgets and new weapons such as the r s d 10

a new generation of soviet missiles known in the west as s s 20 s they were faster and more accurate than the missiles of the 1960 s. plus the launch pads were mobile. the arms race entered yet another new phase. the us responded by deploying a new arms arsenal for europe the pursing 2 and cruise missiles medium range ballistic missiles said to be highly advanced. your government's moved him so of you to have a time i spoke to soviet ambassador fallen about the issue of ogres she told me nightmare stories about the capabilities of the cruise missiles from the persians you know that they're so accurate he said that they could fly through a soccer goal and through but to achieve.

now you can understand how close we would to. a nuclear disaster. at the same time it was becoming increasingly evident that the soviet union was arming itself into bankruptcy the economy was stagnating while its industry was outdated and shortages became the norm not the usual news and this was a country that had won the war and built up communism but it couldn't feed its own people it's unbelievable. the stuff the prompt a newspaper or the truth was the main mouthpiece of the soviet regime one journalist writes plight can arrived in moscow in 1970 he quickly realized that reporting the truth would not be easy be a bit tough to know your endorsement in west germany we regarded every soviet citizen as a k.g.b. agent whether they were diplomats or

a journalist or whatever to describe you converse lee in moscow we were seen as agents of west german intelligence or the cia and this being and you did this so you got used to looking in your rearview mirror to check whether you were being followed or not. and it was with satisfaction that you noticed you weren't driving to moscow on your own no mission. in moscow now with my and it never to help the military continued to showcase its arsenal on official parades western journalists were prevented from gaining insights into the soviets military situation. it's my eyes a. very into they're going to use and i was always keen to get footage of the legendary s.s. 22 fishermen own tog and i would often use liquor or little leather items to make this or that person more inclined to help me and leader to commit feed and arson but i still couldn't get a look inside the wooden crates and the hordes queues to vanished suit west german

journalist press pike and spent 7 years in the russian capital. he also looked for stories otherwise hidden behind the propaganda sought in the process of stablish in contact with political opposition figures and dissidents such as andre sakharov. under his sort of but at the time. was the central figure among soviet dissidents soviet and nuclear scientists who had now turned as nat on the regime as he's done for name regime. whenever i went to see him been stunned oddly enough the light in the hall and the building where he lived was broken i was in my. house for capote as i climbed the stairs behind and again i encountered shadowy figures. of i had to work my way around i had to diminish duration. the west also had its shadowy figures as both sides conducted

a clandestine conflict. the cold war had its fair share of real life james bond stories. in one case an insurance agent made copies of classified west german defense documents over a period of 2 decades. and passed them on to east german intelligence. a full of feel good i also photographed of course with a daylight developing technique and sometimes there would be 4 or 5 strips hanging down in my shower to dry. wood they were then cut up into. sections like this which could easily be slipped into a wallet with a secret compartment when he called them one in and of least close to the wallet was then simply exchanged for the one the courier was carrying when you wouldn't open for that including the tallest. attended a number of protest marches in west germany in the 1960 s.

and came to the attention of east german military intelligence. as i met someone who said so are you going to let yourself be beaten up by the police from you tube you can do a lot more for detente if you go to bond and inform on the ministry of defense of clearest it was during this time that the top pop met a gonchar his new friend was a reservist officer in the west german armed forces and was hoping to get a job at the ministry of defense and vaughn and ideal recruit. at 1st i couldn't believe my ears a clerk on the planning staff stuck past began taking photos of documents forwarded them to the authorities in east berlin. he would meet his contact officer in hungary or other countries just behind the iron curtain traveling via and direct routes or sometimes under cover.

different crews around the world to even in those days passenger flight data were evaluated that's how it was so at the time i had 5 past 4 it's always was little that enabled him to switch identities and airport transit areas. in addition to forged i.d.'s he also used fake mustache it's so slim too sure there is of course a lot of tension involved and he was and you need to be cool when you're crossing borders with a false identity and you go into this is what i knew what was involved and so i. did the tension and the stress my role brought with it a visual. interest was called can look east germany referred to spies like paul as agents of peace and perhaps they actually did help to prevent an outbreak of war. brussels home to nato headquarters

its offices contain top secret information on the western alliances nuclear arsenal as well as military maneuvers west german lieutenant colonel klaus gets was involved in the planning of the latter. among his aides was senior secretary i was a lawyer and said. this if she was a very hard working person law she was usually in the office at the weekend as well which always earned her a great deal of respect. we were really impressed by her commitment if that's this much as always. one of the maneuvers class gets oversaw was when texas symmetrix due to begin on march 5th 1979. for confusion march 4th the evening before earl rang me to say that she would be in a little later the next morning because she had a dentist's appointment so. that next morning clausen guests as

well as his nato colleagues and the wider world would discover that there was another dimension to his secretary's commitment and hard work. the comic and i received a call from count a correspondent with the events newspaper. are you sitting down he asked yes why. do you know where your ursule is also fox she's got a dental appointment i replied i don't think so albany laurenson was an east german agent based at nato operations command in brussels the 40. secretary and a male companion had led to east germany by yugoslavia west german federal investigators suspected a case of sex be a notch like other intelligence agencies east germany had spies trying to seduce officials on the other side in order to gain classified information it was hard essential the news came as an absolute shock to us because we realized that she

knew that basically all needles confidential material was stored with us the guy must be out there not to. shortly afterwards rosa laurenson went public she told viewers on east german t.v. that nato had plans to attack the eastern bloc with nuclear weapons and was going to sue it so it. just wanted to come to. a coup. both sides of the cold war had always stressed they were merely interested in self-defense but did the west intend to attack what exactly did the launch the know and why is she telling the truth no it seems she mentions specific targets she simply could not have known about it i didn't know them by that nobody did know because nuclear planning had the highest secrecy rating of all in nato not true for

. the language she used was not her language english there is no doubt that they practice with her before hand what she should say. east had scored a propaganda coup although even today it's unclear exactly what rosa lawrence a new she remained in east germany but her marriage to her male companion and suspected spy failed after the fall of the berlin wall and the communist regime she fled to libya her whereabouts since then are unknown. as for what she did represents the most serious cases. espionage nato has ever experienced the not to touch. meanwhile west germany was itself swamped with weapons. some conventional anti aircraft missiles were installed right next to public roads . in 1980 almost a quarter of a 1000000 american soldiers were stationed in the country distributed across 850

facilities and barracks the cold war was omnipresence. the nato double track decision of $979.00 secured the deployment of new nuclear weapons and west germany while at the same time continuing disarmament talks. it wasn't until 983 that his highly controversial agreement was a ratified by the west german parliament. is nice but i thought i noticed that certainly from mass unfinished on smith the suits are stem in. name biden stopped. us there in shadow i notice it's busy than always leave their minds as side to side does encompass vision good on earth is a good common. green party politician auto shilly was referring to ronald reagan

who was subject to increasing skepticism among other west germans did that same year peace demonstrations against nuclear rearmament reached their peak the nato double track agreement embraced disarmament talks a stance of at least on october 22nd 1983 half a 1000000 people protested in bonn alone one of the biggest demonstrations in german history almost as big as the popular uprising in east germany on june 17th 1953 and there were further demonstrations in hamburg west berlin and stood guard. over 1000000 people took to the streets of west germany to protest against the deployment of nuclear missiles he got fish those were obviously it was truly awesome. it was an outcry only limited scale of course it was incredibly impressive although i don't. you know the number i remember young men and women standing outside my home and protesting at the double track agreement the women said to me

we are not going to bring any children into this world they were that radical kind and added this world is doomed to hot and cold and tortures they stood in front of my house for hours his emotions ran high but a situation was highly charged and would soon. not a situation in which understanding between the 2 blocs was indeed becoming less and less likely in march 1903 u.s. president ronald reagan spoke of a crusade against communism let us be aware that while they preach the supremacy of the state declare its omnipotence over individual man to predict its eventual domination of all peoples on the earth. they are the focus of evil in the modern world. the time when reagan's of an evil empire let's reserve a nuclear conflict was considerable these international peace programs whether they

involve conscious education or whatever had all ceased the political you had now was hostility and the feeling that you could already hear the guns of war. in 1983 the soviet union shot down a south korean passenger jet after it had strayed into soviet air space all 269 people on board were killed including 63 americans. instead of the planned disarmament talks a new escalation in the cold war looms. and the world held its breath. as the 2 sides mustered all the technological means available the arms race entered a new dimension u.s. plans to intercept enemy missiles from outer space threaten to upset the military balance the soviet union washington assumed would surely be unable to compete with america's strategic defense initiative s.d.i.

and for many hope was kindled with the appointment of a new leader in moscow in 1905 or done come from one office in those of in 1905 became the new soviet leader forged and suddenly we began to imagine what changes this might race always see in khan. claimed openness and transparency in discussions to. us. in in contrast to the g.d.r. where everything was still clothed in secrecy in the soviet union it was suddenly possible to talk openly about problems. in contrary opinions were also tolerated as well to this one couldn't be of a. good that. mikhail gorbachev's biggest problem was the soviet union's ailing economy. the country was deep in debt and urgently needed to reduce its military spending. at a superpower summit and the icelandic capital reykjavik in october 1906 gorbachev

proposed sweeping changes among them a call for the 2 sides to cut their weapons arsenals and half at 1st president reagan rejected the offer. and the prisoner conference not to go but there was then this press conference for it which gorbachev did something incredibly crazy and smart toes and he sat down in front of a 1000 journalists who had lots of questions to ask music but they didn't get to ask why it was good because once gorbachev had a microphone in front of the khufu he didn't stop talking to me oh yeah. when you want you i want you. that's my only point but. not there you need to turn the boots up and he talked and talked and his message was you prove this was a good summit meeting was unfun this was the stars and we will achieve

a good result. in the meantime reagan had landed in washington and read the news. what else could he say but not that it was a good summit meeting and after that they did have productive discussion on since you know. the new course taken by gorbachev also affected change the relations between people and the east and west. earlier in 1906 t.v. stations in the u.s. and the soviet union broadcast a citizen's summit via satellite in which residents of seattle and leningrad were able to put questions to each other. posner was the presenter for the russian channel. the discussion got off to a lively start with questions such as. who is sorrow of why this and why that. people never expected to be asked so many questions. and they

had their own national was the reason for the vietnam war. and then they really had a go at one another you see. a fisherman stood up a good looking american wearing a leather jacket and asked him what exactly are we doing here. i wish this wouldn't be all we could get to know you i think it's a bad way to start i wouldn't have come here if i would've known it was going to be this political i thought i'd get to get a chance to know more of the russian people on. their show you've got to realize one of controversy about what you're trying to do now and i really feel unfortunate i wish we could sit down and meet with you and talk after. you. were interested in each other it was a perfectly normal discussion between people and it was as if we were sitting around a table and enjoying a glass or 2 and of course it had a very special dynamic. the broadcast was a huge success with over 100000000 viewers in the soviet union and so. x.

1000000 and the united states the american presenter later said we reached out instead of lashing out briefly the cold war faded into the background for ordinary people gorbachev continued with his reforms hoping to modernize russian society and the economy in order to catch up with the capitalist west. the newly won freedoms however saw growing internal criticism of the system there were public protests by the mothers of soldiers killed in afghanistan the soviet invasion of the country had become another proxy war between the superpowers and a moral and economic disaster from moscow to the soviet union speak nom in 1908 gorbachev ordered a pull out of soviet troops after a 10 year occupation the final pais of the withdrawal was overseen by gen boris gromov on february 15th 1909 he was among the last group of troops to cross the soviet afghan border where he was welcomed home by his 14 year old son. joe dumars

by number of instances a group wanted to collect the war in afghanistan had a huge psychological impact nationally go that way one. needs to warn you some of them wished the men who fought there certainly wouldn't agree with me because they see themselves as a brotherhood and often one of heroes you're all. know that someone did them. but our senior good but actually it was a defeat and there were a lot of lies about the number of fatalities the crew get the use some coffins were even used for transporting narcotics of quick to go it was a serious psychological blow throughout people should see knew that. it was a disappointment and a complete loss of faith in the government but as it should our view. what to do

sachar gorbachev's new policy of perestroika also impacted on the rest of the eastern europe in september 1987 east german leader every one of a arrived in beaumont to meet west german chancellor helmut kohl images of the historic visit suggested a relaxing of relations while also indicating that the status quo would remain a divided germany but most of us didn't see those changes coming and when i say most of us are not simply talking about americans but also west germans mean we had meetings with with west german diplomats with people in the b. and d. and others nobody saw the end of the wall really coming. in fact i remember maybe in 198788 i had some german businessmen at my residence in bonn for dinner and they were telling me how the east german economy was the was the best economy in eastern europe that they were that those companies in east germany were

were really good companies because while they may have been living in they may have been in a communist.