the 1st beethoven is from ours plato is for the. beethoven is for cars. is for playing beethoven 202250th anniversary here on new. thank you thank some noises make your skin color a nasty sensation which some people seem to enjoy provoking fun other noises induce a pleasant change for example in a s m r video what do scientists have to say about that.

hello and welcome to a new edition of tomorrow today. before we explore the phenomenon of suv in a s m r sound let's find out how we hear sound in the 1st place. anatomically speaking we have an outer ear a middle ear and an inner ear and that's where we pick up auditory signals in the form of vibrations in the cochlea to be precise. the cochlear is a bit like a spiral staircase the bachelor membrane and hair cells make up the carpet. it's those cells that enable us to hear from the high notes. notes sound fiber ations deflect the hair cells it's like flattening the fibers of a carpet. that generates an electrical signal which is sent to the

brain and we perceive a sound or so then stand up again and are ready for the next sound. the different pitches are registered in different parts of the cockpit. i know it's are detected by the hairs at the bottom. lower ones further up. those notes at the very top. enabling us to hear a wide range of pitches. hair cells are very sensitive if they're exposed to too much stress or for too long they can be damaged and move on to react to sounds the hair cells that register high notes are especially susceptible of all frequencies passed by their stretch of the cochlear including the lower ones so you can get quite a battering like the bottom of a staircase. the carpet on the lower flight chance to wear out faster. in the car

the corresponding hair cells stop working sooner so hardness of hearing usually starts with the hot notes. now get comfortable and look and listen carefully. in recent years exim our videos have become an unexpected you teach and. ask them are stands for autonomous sensory meridian response it's a relaxing tingly sensation that starts on the scales and moves down the body. and is it a real effect or pseudoscience they tap gently on objects. patting.

from their fingers over various textiles for hours on end and millions of people watch them if. videos like these are uploaded to you cheat every day francisco likes to watch them soon. i know you're off on one of the audition complan this one features an artist from asia and she brushes her hair with different brushes and combs it too i think i've watched it around 20 times. that there's this video by s m r blossom where she makes different scratching noises it was one of the 1st videos that i watched over and over again that if there's one part where the scratching noise was so pleasant that i had to watch it again. does a lot of cats go watch the show with. you know watch it go back to the beginning and then watch it again. these videos

are a mass phenomenon but so far there's been little research on them. the clips soft coming sounds clearly represent a counter trend to the fast paced videos with short chalky sequences. there's not a lot going on in them but more than you may think. me like in the beginning everything seems samy and monotonous and it is but only for a few minutes then something changes and usually something adverse or stimulating starts before adding again then it returns to the original habitual sounds and then something new happens again like the viewers know they're going to be stimulated and then relax that's why they stay. on they keep watching because there's always something new. it doesn't just love you to sleep this is not new up i

know and. it's the effect that the videos produce is called a s.m.r. which stands for autonomous sensory meridian response. it describes the present tenderly feeling on the skin that the videos can trigger. if you. do when i watch the videos and hear these noises of the hand movements or whatever. like well it starts in the back of my head and i get goosebumps under my scalp and the hole. that's how i describe it hold the tingles thought. about. tingles travel from the back

of the head down the spine. they can be triggered by light scratching and knocking sounds. whispers so other gestures that evoke a personal connection. i pass wanted she's extremely close to the camera you can see her hands up close and at least part of her face up close and you really get a strong sense of her presence of the protagonist in the video that creates a feeling of closeness privacy even intimacy. intimidate. and yes some are videos the viewer is addressed directly they put sounds front and center that are normally just in the background. but they're some of the dios don't cause the same physical reaction and every one for

a long time it was unclear if the effects were physiologically quantifiable. but a study by the university of sheffield showed for the 1st time that the heart rate of people who experienced a s.m.r. actually decreases significantly when they watch their videos. the productions and who are it consistent with the idea that something. deactivate relaxing and in the same way as you might get you or your heart rate zone when you listen to the likes of music. beach just should now harbor is. an index of relaxation. if i asked some hours calming effect is scientifically proven could phidias like these be used as part of a treatment program. but. now whether it's something can be used clinically i guess is is an open question i mean people are

already and totally insane these videos for things like insomnia and depression but whether or not they can be used it is something which we don't know about but we do know is that asthma is a facility physiologically related response so it appears to be something that's reliable when you say that experience. and. that might be too early to know if asimov videos could have a clinical application but francisca for one is going to keep watching them when she needs to relax. now it's time for our viewers question some animals are amazing acrobats they managed to keep their balance however daring their moves. that got ray hanania from bangalore in india wondering. how do some animals climb walls the methods very. answer for example

free climbers they have grooves in their feet that can cling on to even the smallest holes. snails release a layer of mucus on flat surfaces so they don't dry out and to protect that sensitive skin. snail slime isn't rich with proteins that make it extra sticky making snails well equipped for higher things. this gecko by contrast doesn't need sticky stuff to let it walk upside down on a glass surface thanks to attractive forces between the glass and its feet. and electron microscope reveals hundreds of thousands of tiny has on the reptiles toes . has widened the tip for maximum contact with a climbing surface where the hairs on the surface meet electrostatic forces between

the molecules make them attract perhaps the force is very weak but multiplied by hundreds of thousands of has a gecko could hang in there with the best of them. those so-called fun devils forces are also what enables this robot to pick up items. nasa is currently testing a climbing robot for particularly difficult tasks. its feet are inspired by the geckos. buffel climbing uses small hooks but can crawl into rock faces. one day this super climber might even be able to scale mountains on mars. if outlet is right why are great but only if you. do you have a question that's been bothering you send it in as a video text or voice mail if we answer it on the show you'll get

a little surprise as a thank you. come on just ask. for more stories from the world of science and technology go to our website or find us on twitter. have we reached peak meat health scares and environmental concerns are making more and more of us think twice about our meat consumption. in germany a growing number of people are switching to a vegetarian diet. in global terms india has the largest number of vegetarians in the world 38 percent of the population if you like me but you worry about the ethics of factory farming sit tight you might soon be tucking into a fake steak. cultured or in vitro meat is created in laboratories. that could help reduce

intensive animal farming. to says to form the stick instead of sitting. on the hudson because of the full being. produced from individual animal cells muscle tissue taken from animals by biopsy plays a critical role in the process it's cut into tiny pieces in order to separate the muscle fibers. the muscle tissue is made up of fat cells and muscle cells individual muscle cells can be removed and grown in culture media. tells then divide many trillions of cells can be grown from a small cell sample. the cells merge to form tiny fibers called mio tubes and from them

a small piece of muscle tissue is grown. of these little bits of muscle or layered and put simply that cell in vitro meters me. in $24.00 teams and initial proof of concept was presented to the public to demonstrate the feasibility of cultured meat now several companies around the world are working on bringing in vitro meat to the masses it's easier said than done and the science is far from conclusive and while it's normally a muscle cell is part of a bundle of cells so it's corrected and regulated by the other cells as it grows. that doesn't happen with in vitro meat so it's difficult to know whether or not these in vitro meat cells will continue to develop in a healthy way or whether they might eventually start to mutate because the

regulation by the other groups of cells isn't present on that still has to be studied. still investors predict that laboratory raised meat will eventually become a lucrative business. plant based meat substitutes are i love their potentially lucrative market but it's not so easy researchers are working hard to make feel. look feel and taste convincing. in this was can't own a valet researches that you know. city of applied sciences are trying to figure out the best ingredients for meat substitutes michelle by if i experiment with various plants he's looking for something protein rich that provides the right flavor and fibrilation. the soonest the goal is to generate new food properties from familiar raw materials. that we've built machinery so.

we can use this to demonstrate that it's possible to alter the raw materials so that we end up with an attractive food product. because. one of the machines that the research is use is an extra under high pressure and high temperatures the real material is compressed and shaped. the extruded screw is a crucial component in the process. it mixes and pushes along the material. for. the position and length of the individual segments determines the properties of the final product that's expelled through the specially shaped opening.

you know every manufacturer has its own recipe as i can figure is the assembly process differently generally they have their own configuration for the nozzles to . the cooling nozzle is another crucial element it's here that the structure of the proteins is fixed which determines the texture the nozzle itself determines the shape and size of the meat substitute measured by a father and his colleagues have tried out different cooling nozzle forms and even built their own the plan is to start producing a new generation of meat substitutes. doesn't. it's detective work with every new material you have to identify and develop its parameters from scratch. the starting point is the rule material these include soybeans sunflower seeds and yellow. their research is extract their personal and it has to be palatable. the building blocks of plant proteins are amino acid when water is added to the extruder and the

temperature turned out the proteins unfold the high temperature is key here the higher it is the more easily they are unfold and the more easily absorbed they are by humans. michaud by ever monitors exactly what happens to the proteins when he alters the temperature and the length of the process then he decides how the mixture is best treated in the extruder. testing which other plants might be suitable meat substitutes is also part of his research as well as peas and soybeans algae is a promising alternative. she has a high protein content and it's very nutritious but it's quite sticky so we have to improve the texture for example by adding something fibrous or by using another protein as a basis that's easy to structure. the made of algae soybeans opie's meat substitutes

is still a work in progress the consumers will decide if the research is have done a good job or not. countenance. taste matters even when it comes to water but above all it needs to be clean only 2.5 percent of the earth's water is fresh water humans and animals can go in search of the water they need but what happens when plants get thirsty. we visit the botanical gardens in hamburg. to find out. disk. is needed to sustain life. plants need a lot of it so water consumption is accordingly high the botanical garden and

humbug. water has unique properties that make it indispensable to plants and interesting to botanists. as water is the universal substance animals and plants are in large part made of water we can only survive a few days without it we all start our lives in the womb surrounded by water to live. it's also the universal solvent and transport medium in biology and transport and water plays a central role in bodies in cells everywhere. alter is known as the universal solvent because it dissolves small substances than any other liquid. not just does but also many different nutrients that plants need. trees transport water great distances up the trunks and into their branches and

leaves without using a pump. they take advantage of 2 properties of water. and cohesion. adhesion means water molecules tend to stick to other substances even smooth surfaces water creeps up the inside of the test tube the water level at the edge is higher than in the center. water molecules tend to stick to each other. as many as 30 drops of water can form a liquid bubble on a tiny 2 cent coing. anymore and gravity went out and the water pours away. adhesion and cohesion enable water to flow up puts in a plant. capello reaction takes place when it he's into a surface is stronger than the cohesion among the water molecules. and rises to spend

a cheap ingredients and stalks all trunks. and copied. capillaries which are tubes of less than 2 millimeters in diameter water can rise to a certain height. the narrower the capillary the higher the water can rise as a deal amended them fortunately the chooks the elements of wood through which waters transported have an average diameter of 50 micro meters that 0.05 millimeters that's how narrow the troops are in them water can easily rise to a height of 5 or 10 meters from what i've seen me to but how does it get to the top of a huge 100 meter tall tree for that to occur evaporation comes into play. before dunes water evaporates in the leaves of the trees crowns that cause a suction in the capillaries it's like what happens when we drink from a straw. cleanly function yet i would do just concede transpiration the loss of

water as vapor at the top of the tree causes the pressure differential which sucks water up to such amazing heights calm comes. the if operation also has a cooling effect that's one reason why it's cooler in and around forests. in winter water can become a threat to plants because of another of its properties negative thermal expansion most materials contract as that temperature drops that holds true for water but only down. to about 4 degrees celsius if it gets any colder water than expands again about 9 percent when it turns into ice. that's because an ice the water molecules group into a crystalline structure that takes up more space than liquid water. plants have a way to protect themselves against this expansion. sugars dissolved in water but

then plant cells serve as an empty freeze disrupting the formation of the crystalline structure and thus lowering the freezing point of the water by 5 or 6 degrees. a glass of water will turn to ice in a freezer within an hour of. a sugar solution stays liquid for longer. some aquatic plants have developed other ways to defy ice. the water soldier. for example spends the winter on the bed of rivers important. ice doesn't form the bottom of a sufficiently deep body of water. that also has to do with water is negative thermal expansion. here the water soldier we see here has

developed a particularly interesting strategy because of your knowledge of human history and it's an aquatic crashed float at the surface in summer and it has arose out of leaves and white flowers for good i'm half term and often soon and as it gets cooler in the autumn the leaves start to sink in just sent to a depth where ice usually doesn't form kind as britain can. the way to form a water above except the pressure on the water molecules compacted into the result has a constant temperature of about 4 decrease the fish also went to ice for. this cup for example. 80 percent water and also need to protect themselves from freezing . when spring comes. to the surface. we humans are about 70 percent water. well the internal temperature of fish can vary a lot without harming them os needs to be cuts constant. so when it's hot we saw

what. can a cool park and now we know why it's cool under the trees. that fall from tomorrow today we'll be back next week with more science stories until then stay healthy stage area.

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what does the latest research say. information and context. the coronavirus of the code with special monday to friday on d w. gets their obsession for spectacular pictures. it's their passion for nature. it's their complete devotion that makes the best of wildlife photographer others in the world. is amazing and the magic confrontational and stirring. 5 adventures. one goal. the preservation of our planet. not just an issue of pardon treason saving pandas anymore. it's off the scale and dangerous survive

a. passion for china starts nov 6th on t.w. . this is v.w. news alive the from berlin she lay celebrates task a devoted to replace the country's constitution. social discontent and civil unrest over the dictatorship era charter prompted the palace we'll hear from our correspondent in santiago also coming up. spain declares a state of emergency and introduce

a stand nighttime curfew to curb the coronavirus prime minister petro sanchez says he will last column and to keep the new roles in place until may next.