high ranking officers of the nazi regime or judging by the allied forces. were the 1st criminals to be held accountable for their crimes for. my. going through don't pay as you use the phrase you're. our 2 part series the 3rd reich talk starts november 12th on d w. hello and welcome to our global 3000 now take a deep breath because today we head to nairobi where air pollution is a big problem kenya is gearing up to switch to electric mobility. revolution on not quite as cuba tries to modernize women are still fighting for gender

equality. and all that glitters is not gold sometimes it's mica in india child miners collect a mineral widely used in cosmetics. cellphones and electronic devices all contain cobalt and gold medals that are often extracted and some of the world's poorest regions and conflict zones under hazardous conditions. $1000000.00 children between the ages of $5.17 are forced to work in these mineral mines according to the organization stop child labor on average they earn less than $2.00 a day mining drama serials for a sector that sees revenues totalling $700000000000.00 a year the global mineral industry is booming but the poor and vulnerable are paying the price.

kamaal debbie and her 5 year old son roger you turn the earth in search of mica the glittering mineral plays a vital role in this region's economy for many people mining the raw material is the only way to survive children working for hours in the blistering sun in the indian state of jharkhand it's nothing out of the ordinary to a better there let alone my children are so young but there's no other way of making a living here there's no farming or nothing i can't afford to send them to school they have to help me they manage to 2 and a half kilos a day we work until 5 in the evening that they used to be more than $700.00 official mica mines in northern india but in 1900 new law came into force banning deforestation that made it almost impossible to access new sources of the mineral oil companies left but the mines remained today some 50000 adults and children work

here illegally almost all the workers are darl it's the lowest rung in the indian caste system many are members of indigenous tribes who are socially marginalised because there's little in the way of industry in the area people are reliant on the mines a kilogram of my career can bring up to the equivalent of 20 euro cents but often they receive just half of that. middleman clean the mineral in large filter drums the platelets are then current into varying sizes and this is how it enters the market. the word mica describes a group of naturally occurring silica materials that are rigid yet at the same time elastic. for. many industries use the mineral in huge quantities among them the cosmetics sector.

a few years ago anna maria yeager and her husband kayu founded their company lethal cosmetics yeager's stressed that all the ingredients the firm uses are vague an ad ethically sourced in other words they guarantee no animal testing was involved in production and no child labor one of the key role materials lethal cosmetics uses is mica some of it comes from india. here we have 3 different types of mica. but this is a for example of a sparkling version which also has a medic effect. and what is great about this stared at space parking you but it's completely natural so it's free for any plastics. to yeager's can't imagine making their cosmetics without mica. that's why they decided to hand pick their supplier in india. they chose

a distributor who was able to provide assurances that his mica only comes from mines that don't use child labor. although in the sector it's often difficult to determine where the material originated the key to that is having supply chains that are as short as possible because if you're buying from a distributor who was buying from another distributor then it becomes very interesting aaron where things come from with our suppliers it's one supplier that's often the manufacturer that also works directly with the mines that also does the audits of the mines and has been about the audit as well and that is where it gained that confidence mike it is used in a wide range of applications the biggest buyer in 2015 in terms of market value was the elektra onyx industry followed by companies that added the minolta paints an lacquers might also find widespread use in the construction industry and of course it plays an important role in the cosmetics sector.

every day come on debbie and her son toil away to help satisfy the global hunger for mica they never have any problem selling what they've collected to one of many traders if they receive 150 rupees a little under 2 euros then it's a good day she says that's enough to buy some vegetables some rice but for that everyone has to pitch in including both her daughters aged $7.00 and $9.00. and that's in the i'm always afraid when i'm working that i'll be bitten by insects or snakes or that i'll fall into a pit. and i'd really like to go to school. but we need money we don't even have our own house so i have to collect like. an ambiguous law has been in place in india since 2016 no child under the age of 14 is allowed to work

but the government itself concedes that around 12000000 children and young people are doing just that aid organizations estimate there are around 44000000 child laborers in india. it's thought that around 22000 children are working in illegal mines in the states of jharkhand and bihar. many of them have never known a life without work through the course of their size they're often made to crawl into freshly dug unsecured pits and shafts. i'm always afraid when i'm looking for mica not long ago over there 2 or 3 children of my age were buried among the shafts and they died i want to go to school i don't want this.

for companies that work with my care products it's a perpetual balancing act between marketing and morals business and conscience but lethal cosmetics in berlin the jaegers are trying to tackle the issue head on wherever possible they want to know exactly where their role materials are coming from they also don't try to conceal from their customers that they use might or is entire regions of india that are financially dependent on mica and so if you replace it with something for example something the synthetic you're basically taking away their livelihood so i think it's absolutely within our responsibility of course of the within the responsibility of everybody in the chain to make sure that it's produced as a ethically as a. because medics industry is very secretive when it comes to micah 2017 saw the launch of the responsible micah initiative and alliance of companies obtaining my care from india they all say they have a clear goal to end child labor in the mines by 2022 but an interview on the

subject of camera well all our requests including those sent to big industry names like merrick the current group and a call passé were turned down. if you ask the miners of jharkhand how to solve the problem they say genuine change can only come if mining is once again officially allowed because that's the only way to offer workers clear safety standards and a fair wage then their children wouldn't have to work some politicians have been demanding the reintroduction of official mining for a long time or the balm of good or good but we're all glad to go child labor can only be abolished if the government legalizes the mind and companies assume responsibility companies could then join forces to create cooperatives for the children we need a sufficient number of public schools free education free meals and basic amenities

to enable them to lead a better life. but nothing is changing the government tolerates the system turning a blind eye on a sector that makes a lot of money from micah and the children forced to work with it this young man a child labor himself just a few years ago is in despair yard you cannot be much you can see that all the labor is here are giving their sweat and blood they're breaking their bones but what kind of life is this you not get there get like is the government can't just look the other way don't we deserve better than this. being north to know paul this week's global teen lives in the capital kathmandu. 6 6 6 6

my name is asked by new i'm 17 years ago then i live here in their pocket mind. my father on in general saul there are 10 minutes walk from here and my mother is the house and if. i want to be a dentist i want to generalize order have a care in the room as if i want to help. i love reading books and besides i write i think i then i will all have differing certainly when then the favorite thing is reading books. 6 and the.

internet does mean that though biggest problem and i think it is we see kids starving and then we waste food in here that does not make sense does it. i have a lot better life than my grandparents and they didn't have access to all the fascinating things we have like electricity it was not generalized back then but it is now.

change might be underway in nepal but 14000 kilometers away in the caribbean progress in cuba is happening at a slower pace in many ways the country is still culturally and socially isolated the legacy of the cuban revolution when communist revolutionary fidel castro took power in 1959 he nationalized industries and seized the u.s. owned property worth $1000000000.00 in 1960 the u.s. retaliated with a trade embargo that remains in place today. many cubans are unhappy with a low standard of living and restrictions on travel and up to leave if they can socialism has given women education employment and in theory equal rights but they still contend with patriarchal attitude shaped by the revolution cuban society

remains a success a place where it's far from easy for a woman to assert her individuality. an early m. is made of stern stuff she runs a tattoo parlor one of just a few in cuba a country that still deeply shoving mr. this is the one i started out customers would come in and then leave again when they saw i was a woman. almost all of the equipment you. says was brought into cuba from overseas by friends due to its lack of availability there. on a studio is in a legal limbo. private businesses require the approval of the communist authorities zenit tattoo doesn't have an official license but it's tolerated.

defending a way of life. my idea was to create a space where people can meet exchange i did feel good and come back. that is not just about talk to your students. on a belongs to a generation of get up and go young women who want to see their country change not necessarily by becoming more western in a consumer sense but by granting people more freedom to explore their individuality and their passions and interests. is. all people need is something to eat on a roof over their head and then we talk about social constraints and taxes and what people can buy. the only thing no one talks about even though it's what should be talked about is love. zina tattoo is an exciting place

and has been profiled in god books and online magazine run by women it specializes in fashion in the arts and popular culture making it one of a kind. and we need to show what young people are up to because they have less scope than previous generations they have less scope to show what they're doing even though they're currently writing cuban history. momentous. to many outsiders have and it has a ragged but romantic image a place of fading glory where time has stood still. but it also has pockets of progress where young cubans are striving into the future with confidence and a sense of purpose. and they want the world to know cuba now has access to the internet and while it may be sluggish and expensive it's having a huge impact. on us and we know what's

happening in the world it's torn down barriers created a bridge across the ocean that surrounds us there's an explosion of creativity it's like a jolt of electricity. yeah. yeah yeah get arrow has also been profiled in davos. she's a surfer. another male dominated domain here in cuba. that as you may go into this you make amulets guys told me to surf somewhere else so i wouldn't steal that way so all i see myself as a strong woman i can be very determined when i set out to do something i don't stop until i've succeeded but you know lord i know there's not much of a surf scene in cuba yeah guy has been detained and questioned by police all too often. they thought i was going to get to my surfboard ringback and head to the u.s.

. when she's not out mastering the waves ya run surfing classes for children from poor backgrounds. and especially enjoys working with girls. the 36 year old doesn't make any money with her mentoring. and as yet to get any state support but for her that's not the point where. you are able to get over that i do it because i enjoy it. i do it because it's what i love and i want to share it with others i don't need to be paid you know as i see down that may not come you. meanwhile an early end. he's got some bad news the lease on her beloved studio is not going to be renewed. you want to put on a won't let herself be miserable for a long onwards and upwards.

open a new studio a new baby somewhere else. the winds of change are blowing in havana. thanks to the many young women challenging the patriarchy and living their own individual cuban way. this week in our series global ideas we venture out on to the chaotic streets of nairobi 60 percent of the global population now lives in cities and nairobi has 4500000 inhabitants twice as many as 20 years ago traffic has badly affected the city's air quality and carbon emissions continue to rise from year to year our reporter thomas howes i've met some of the entrepreneurs' pioneering a switch to electric mobility. it's still

early when leroy miner heads into the public stricken districts of nairobi to deliver fresh produce. it's pouring with rain which is unusual at this time of year. but climate change is affecting kenya's normal weather patterns. the work that surrounds on a solar powered car go eat bike. but return. it to you a good 50 kilometer and on a polar ice. sunny be cold but the charges can take you up to a 100 to go so that kind of gives you a mixer in when suddenly. the bike can reach a speed of 40 kilometers an hour even when it's carrying a heavy load the solar panel on the reef protects leroy's from the brain and the battery keeps charging even in this kind of. leave only works for

a local company called kwanza to cooler. it supplies pre-prepared staple food to street food vendors in mostly impoverished neighborhoods using sustainable sources for new a bill and. we want to be sustainable that's the number one driver but also we want to be economically sustainable so that we are able to produce products that are affordable for our customers who are mainly poor in order to do that to find a more efficient to use green energy the solar bikes that we use we don't pay any fuel for them and they're able to carry more cargo compared to by the electric car was developed by the start ups cycles it's general manager is confident it's affordable solar powered electric vehicles have a future in africa sustainable mobility is wonderful because it's one that's good for them by. especially in kenya and in africa where our population will grow must

be over the next 20 to 30 years so the environmental case is a very strong case that we always have to make. the number of vehicles driving on gasoline or diesel is on the rise in african cities worsening pollution and increasing carbon emissions. the united nations environment program you know is therefore promoting electrum a billet in africa and also in asia. it's working on the introduction of electric 2 and 3 we list. in kenya the biggest mission when it comes to climate change is to drive. and the biggest polluter when it comes to help is the transport sector and within the transport sector these are all dirty motorcycles i don't want the biggest polluters so we want to replace them completely with 0 emissions electric motor cycles like this one. in kenya some 80 percent of the electricity in

the country derives from renewables such as solar and wind power and energy ideal conditions for emo billeted. and yet there are just $300.00 electric my pads on the busy streets of the canyon capital the main obstacle to see in kenya is inadequate infrastructure and so called drivers the battery range is too limited plus there are hardly any charging stations. for electric cars to be next to people so we need to do is we need foster but for fastest to be established we need electric cars so there must be there must be but group of people that's willing to take to foster risk. kenyan company nights energy cells imported electric cars and also install solar charging stations the battery range of 100 kilometers is enough to get around nairobi longer journeys in rural areas would be another matter. there is demand for electric vehicles in conservation areas for example and

wildlife reserve such as for i was north of my roby. crew say used to be gastric but it's been retrofitted with a super quiet electric engine a major advantage here in the savannah. what i like about it is the silence when you're driving. close to the world i live with no one. here so they don't get to stop can a person i knew was and. you can stop it with. your war without stopping. the vehicle which means that you have you know. that. the safari jeep was converted by swedish company.

the company has set up shop in kenya with 40 employees and installs electric engines and cause a mind to bikes and soon buses to. electrum a billet he has benefits not totally for the environment but also for the economy here in kenya according to a.p. test co-founder philip live strong. and for going forward we will go more and more towards towards manufacturing of a deeper and deeper level which means that we can make kenya into the actual central hub for electric vehicles of this region and we can move away from importing these vehicles and having the vehicles manufactured here make sure that we can have an easier way of accepting that because that means that we can have a bigger spread of this because that means that we faster can have a sustainable transport system. for the time being at least electric vehicles remain something of

a niche market in kenya. a lot of ground will have to be covered before they go mainstream. t.v. and quality in nairobi improves 'd. that's it for this week thanks for joining us got something to say about the show get in touch just send an e-mail to global 3000 at g.w. dot com. more visit our facebook page e.w. woman see you next time.

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the coronavirus up to the big special monday to friday on t.w. . play. play. this is deja vu news live from berlin police in france arrest the 2nd man in connection with the deadly attack at the basilica in nice the country is now at its highest terror alert level and present mccall is holding an emergency meeting today we'll go live to paris for the latest details also on our show coronavirus cases are on the rise in germany but new lockdown measures are getting pushback

restaurant owners performers and artists fear their livelihoods will be destroyed other restrictions.