exceeds in firing up the limbic system. as the man. makes you more relaxed and more active. claims. restauranteurs and retailers want you to feel great around and. if a department store wants to have music playing in the background it has to be music that appeals to everyone but the public is diverse school kids buying sweets elderly people with lots of time on their hands if you want to manipulate people by means of music they all have to like it but thank goodness it doesn't always work out that way. a study from the us found that when

a wine shop played french music it sells more french wines. and more german wines when it played german music. but things are not always so simple when it comes to the impact of music on the propensity to purchase that things. can work well for example in a jeans shop you hire a d.j. to play live and the audience are all about the same age and it's clear what kind of music they listen to in their free time. so if you play that you can achieve quite a lot that's the strategic goal but in general one should not overestimate the effectiveness . of. the best laid plans can come to note even the gracious staff it's to appeal and manipulate don't always lead to the desired outcome. this. music is not entirely accessible to scientific study. there's

always a human being behind it who composes and engages with us on the basis of intuition and emotion. that has to be just right if it's to hit the spot. getting to one study music can trigger at least 13 different emotions. are you getting goosebumps. even from canada has a question about that. why do some people get goosebumps when they listen to music. music

can affect us deeply. it can spark emotions and move us profoundly personal tastes aside. it can trigger memories and transport us back to a place where we heard it before. several areas of the brain are activated when we listen to music but studies show that some of us get goosebumps and some of us don't. research as a found that people with musical training and people who are open to new experiences more likely to feel chills right up their spine in response to music. this could be because they have denser fibers connecting the order tree cortex of the brain to the areas that process emotions which means these areas communicate

better if you're the type of person who experiences intense emotions you're more likely to get goosebumps from listening to music too. of course some music makes your hair stand on end of for the wrong reasons. the researchers also found that luke human voice is what most often causes goosebumps. was. the cello and the viola are also very moving and incidentally if a piece of music gives you goosebumps you're more likely to remember it. 2 2 well maybe it's mozart's music that stands here in those hands full helps keep your cognitive function. yes to compose it was certainly

a superstar in the world of classical music. he created more than 1000 pieces of music works that are often said to have almost magical power. just listening to mozart really make you smarter. the so-called mozart effect which was identified by researchers in 1993. all they gave a group of college students a 10 minute audio sample to listen to. with soundtracks ranging from silence. to a relaxation tape can see who else to a mozart piano concerto. the students were then asked to take a spatial intelligence test. those

subjects who had been listening to mozart performed better than the other groups registering spatial i.q. scores 8 or 9 points higher not a huge leap but certainly a jump. that said the intelligence boost lasted all of 15 minutes at most and then it disappeared. but that's surprising if short lived effect triggered a media frenzy mozart makes you smart was in all the headlines. the impact was especially great in the united states babies born in georgia and tennessee were given a mozart cd while kindergarten kids in florida were treated to an hour of mozart music every day. the scientific community also seemed in thrall to researchers reenacted the original experiment but struggled to confirm the mozart effect it was

replicated in some tests but not in others 2. meanwhile there was a suspicion that the music merely improve the mood of test subjects giving their brain some brief stimulation another question soon a rose doesn't have to be mozart. as it turned out music by other artists had the same effect whether a sonata by schubert or a song by the 990 s. british band blur. so the notion that only mozart makes you smarter and permanently so was just a myth but the big question remains how does music affect the brain.

our grey matter is in fact colored by practically everything we do that includes listening to music and even more so playing music what ever the music practicing in both forming leave a mark. in drummers the neural pathways linking the 2 halves of the brain tend to be fewer but thicker which is perhaps why they're so good at certain swift and complex movements. surely a well trained 5th brain is capable of more than a standard specimen well there are plenty of studies that claim playing music makes you smarter. experiments showed that people with a musical background were better at certain things. they might have better language memory skills for example or were better able to remember things the. children in particular performed better on the memory front and in intelligence

tests if they had had at least a year of music lessons the problem is even if playing an instrument goes along with higher i.q. test scores it doesn't mean the one causes the other. einstein played the violin and was an ace in physics wouldn't he have been a science whiz even if he had never learned an instrument. playing music and being intelligent may well co-occur but whether one contributes causally to the other is highly questionable. more than a 100 studies over the past 20 years have claimed there is a causal connection without sufficient evidence to back up the claim. like muscles the brain can be given a workout but training in one activity doesn't mean you perform better in others if

the 2 skills are very different being good at the one is not likely to make you better at the other practicing the piano all day is likely to make you a better pianist. but will it make you better at solving differential equations. hardly. still practicing an instrument not only lets you play music it can also teach you that practice does make a significant difference that can boost your self-confidence and willingness to really apply yourself. so to recapitulate does music make you smarter well there's no straightforward answer but quite apart from any possible link to intelligence music is a treasure and a joy in its own right. whether in the form of mozart pop or hip hop. but.

that's all for now thank you for joining us for morning pressing stories about science and technology visit our website we'll be back next week with the 1st edition of tomorrow today until then.

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played . by the state of your news life oberlin u.s. president elect joe biden says now is the time to heal and america. it's time to put a word to harsh rhetoric florida church or c.h. or other against most nature other day. by them delivered his victory speech in his home state of delaware after being the fair election went.

on a welcome to the show us president elect joe biden has addressed the nation. and for the 1st time since being declared the winner of tuesday's election biden delivered his victory speech and his home state of delaware alongside vice president elect komla harris the running mates emerged victorious after taking a clear lead in the swing state of pennsylvania after days of vote counting let's take a listen to what biden had to say. it's time to put away the harsh rhetoric lower the temperature see each other again listen to each other again and make progress we have to stop treating our approach as our enemies they are not our enemies they're american they're american. the bible tells us to everything there's a season a time to go a time to reprint

a time to serve and a time to do this is the time to be here in america. now this campaign is over. what is the will of people what is our mandate i believe it's this american have called upon us to marshal forces of decency the forces of furthers to marshal force of sorry in the forces of hope. in the great problems of our time. the brother the control the virus the browser the bill press bird or the better secure your family's health care the borrower achieve racial justice and root out systemic racism in this country. t w is oliver salad is in wilmington delaware joining us now oliver what do you make of the speech where there are any surprises. well this was definitely nicolle one

of the best speeches joe biden has delivered so far and he's known to be actually not a good speaker but this speech was he was presidential it was clear and it was really this this speech full of optimism and hope and this is exactly what americans are craving right now after such difficult months and this news this very difficult year in particular the pandemic the economic crisis resulting out of the racial division riots on the streets and joe biden really presented himself as the healer utils will do the voter to be trying to bring the nation together and heal the nation with a very empathic speech that we heard here tonight today was of course a day of celebration for the democrats but is there also already a sense of how difficult things might get for president joe biden

yes absolutely and it will be a challenging start for him there's no doubt about that 1st and foremost joe biden of course has many policy visions and ideas of course he wants to undo a lot of the trump policies of the arrow when it comes to migration also when it comes to multilateralism he wants to return to the parents climate agreement just to name a few and that will be quite difficult if he doesn't win control of the senate that is very much unclear right now there's going to be a run off another senate race in georgia in january so until then we will know and know exactly how easy or difficult it will be nevertheless there is also this other half of the american voters the trump supporters that are bitterly disappointed tonight and one of his other challenges will certainly be to overcome this division and that will also not be easy what's next for the biden harris camp what's 1st on their list. well what we heard in the speech tonight is one of the big

priorities that biden her is joe biden and coming to her as vice president have on their agenda is to put together a covert terrorist force because as we know the situation here in the united states is very we were nearing a new record numbers on a daily basis year so what they're trying to do is to put together a scientist to go approach to put together the best scientists and be ready for inauguration day and join your own january 20th to really kick off and called bad this virus and this is one of the priorities right now the transition team is looking at through all of our salad and joe biden's home town of wilmington in the state of delaware thank you very much for your analysis now as the news of joe biden's victory broke president donald trump was out golfing at the trump national golf course in sterling virginia he finished up his game before returning

to the white house several hours later with biden supporters cheering the president's motorcade from the sign of the road has so far refused to concede defeat in the election and says he will legally challenge the results. is in our studio in washington d.c. good to have you with us any reaction from the white house so far well i always heard and seen today from the president were his tweets as we've gotten used to over the last 4 years he tweeted out i won the election and he was saying that bad things happen which are observers were not allowed to see so he really hasn't accepted the results so far what can we expect from him now he's refusing to concede for now. what do you think we'll see in the next couple of days

. if we've learned anything from his presidency it is the president is really very unpredictable there is no schedule from the white house for tomorrow let alone any points of beyond that so far so we don't know if he is planning to to give a speech tomorrow or come out at some point. it is highly unlikely that he is going to respectfully can see that as as tradition really with with presidents after an election and it's up in the air what we will get from him and when we will get it. for the past days and months really baselessly cast doubt over the u.s. election process how has that affected his supporters do they now accept his defeat you could say that trump was successful with this rhetoric because his supporters

absolutely buy into this theory that there was many of collation and there has been something fishy going on with the elections they do not accept. president elect joe biden and they're saying that they put all their hopes into into the recounts and the various legal challenges now to restore the president and give them the correct results which they of course say is donald trump won the election let's just be very clear about this is there any evidence for voter fraud haven't taken place. no there really isn't and legal experts say all these challenges that that the trump campaign has been launching really have no basis and really won't go anywhere but of course they have the rights to launch these legal complaints so we'll have to watch them play out but there has been no 8

no evidence for any sort of manual ation or voter fraud whatsoever all right kind of like in washington thank you very much. for more i'm joined now by william glue kroft of our us election team well i am uniting healing the nation no small feat how are they going to go about it no small feat and no new task i mean let's go back to barack obama 2008 he came in to office also on this platform of healing the nation after 8 divisive years of george w. bush this is been decades in the making of partisanship growing tribalism political tribalism growing republicans versus democrats democrats versus republicans you know this was a strategy that became the lynchpin of how republicans began winning elections in the in the eighty's and the ninety's by using wedge issues to divide americans. and ignore really much bigger issues that most americans can get behind but instead

focusing on things like guns and abortion that are a flame a lot of passions and bring out a lot of especially money a lot of money to lobby to get certain issues passed or not passed so joe biden has not just the trump years behind him to have to overcome but decades of partisanship and tribalism to overcome he says he can do it he says that he you know given his experience in the senate working as a centrist democrat working across the aisle with other republicans republicans he knows very well that he is the guy to do it but let's not forget mitch mcconnell was the senate majority leader under the obama administration when joe biden was vice president and his role was to reach out to the senate. and mitch mcconnell's job was to destroy the obama presidency that's what he said basically. but where we go forward now we're going to see with biden we happened to see a harris harris strike a very different note and i think we did hear

a little bit of what she had to say. congressman john lewis congressman john lewis. before his passing wrote democracy. it's not a state it is an act and what he meant was that america's democracy is not guarantee it is only as strong as our willingness to fight for an. audience and guard it and never take it for granted and protecting our democracy takes struggle it takes sacrifice but there is joy in it and there is progress because we the people have the power to build a better future. ah.

and when our very democracy was on the ballot in this election with the very soul of america at stake and the world watching you ushered in a new day for america my. you know there's vice president elect a really historic moment for the united states the 1st woman to be vice president the 1st person of color female person of color to be vice president you know she herself said in that speech later you know i the 1st woman to occupy this post but i will not be the last of course to great cheers and it's a very heartening moment because the united states is a diverse country it is not the country that we saw the last 4 years and it is heartening to see that reflected in the politics that is not just white men anymore

running the show that it's more and more. diverse more diverse picture and this is certainly not the end if not this is the beginning you know now joe biden and kamel heroes have to help deliver they can't alone do it but they have to help deliver on this promise of making a more equal a more fair and more just society for everyone because they are still so many racial issues that the united states has to deal with came to power being considered an anomaly in the political universe in the united states is that still the case or has he paved the way for others like him you know i don't know if he was an anomaly i think he was the most extreme version of things that we've been seeing bubbling up for decades as i mention this tribalism you know donald trump was able to capitalize on all of this anger and this sense of a certain group of americans feeling they've lost out to a lot of the. to a lot of the globalization and moving forward into the future into a more diverse society dallas was able to tap into all of that so deftly not

anonymous is definitely a symptom not a cause and we're going to see if this is the turning point in the united states as joe biden said bring down the temperature start to talking to each other more often hearing each other more or if you know this is just a breather for someone like donald trump who could legally theoretically run again if he wanted to or someone else like him that's we're going to wait and see to see how politics kind of plays itself out over the next few years all right william f. thank you very much for your an elf. you're watching the w. news life from berlin and here's a reminder of our top story joe biden has said he wants to restore the soul of america after being declared the winner of the u.s. presidential election biden delivered his victory speech at his home state of delaware alongside vice president elect kaamelott harris told the crowd of his supporters that it's time for the nation to heal and put away the harsh rhetoric.

for one thing we need is on the phone with me william flew cross and land for me and the entire team behind the scenes thanks for watching. i'm sure that it was a 0. in some. degree of. the official. primitivist. diplomat who gets straight to the point. that good.