in the art of climate change. africa is. what's in store. for the future. because the 2nd biggest city. inside the country. music is one of the oldest forms of cultural expression a language of immense diversity that has accompanied us across time and space for tens of thousands of years. our brains seem to be able to process music from an early age music itself might be rather ephemeral but ancient instruments pay testimony to bygone cultures. a fresh look on human history welcome to tomorrow today d.w.

side show. mayan civilization was once one of the most dominant cultures in mesoamerica. centuries old buildings still bear witness to their amazing accomplishments and their might. and most archaeological research in the region has focused on them. but recent findings have shown that other peoples lived alongside the my a. week ago on an expedition to north east and one tourists. this is the sleepy little village of quad a loop on the northeast coast of honduras. the result of daily life here revolves around fishing but there's now a new attraction archaeologists from germany and switzerland believe the area used to be inhabited by an ancient civilize. but there's been very little research on

the ground here today. we had to start from scratch were there even any archaeological sites here and if so in what condition we had absolutely no information. about the same followed clues from old records which suggest that this area now covered him forest and bush land was once home to a network of towns and villages their inhabitants appeared to have conducted trade with the legendary mayan the archaeologists are based in a house just outside guadalupe from where marcus kind of operations. the location was not a random choice it's been 4 years since the project began. at 1st place this is cured the situation was pretty precarious which is why we looked for a place where we'd have safety and found the grounds of a school surrounded by

a wall and conveniently for us archaeologists there was a settlement mound that looked extremely promising the 1st place. that's where we decided to start a pilot project to gauge potential for excavations. the project also means jobs for so many young local men while the school principal is fascinated by the notion of people having settled over a 1000 years ago. i would never have thought that there was a window into our past right in front of and then uses finding out what's behind that window is very exciting. we'd love to have to show everyone how to get the loop might have a whole new previous history. study. history that people's could profit from in the near future. around the corner and in the excavation h.q.

the archaeologists have busy analyzing the a ray of oz in france they found was already over 100000 francisca fish is writing her doctoral thesis on the project says i know a coffee now and this is one of a number of we found out you can still play them and they produce a lot they found. they were found in a place where people deposited items of particular value to. them we also found cylinder seals. much they were used to paint patterns on fabrics or on top person. they were old like this it's just and for the fact 5 off target. then there are these delicate little green stone and an analysis we have done revealed that they are indeed made of jade and the nearest source of change is in guatemala so the people who lived here had very extensive trade routes.

and number of the artefacts indicate that the communities who want settled here had trading relations with other peoples like the mayans but at the same time they retained an independent identity. dozen people here in northeastern honduras had a unique culture of their own. so. the team plan to search the entire region for lost settlements and on the archaeological sites and easy undertaking given the size and inaccessibility of the to rein. in the our work involves exploring areas on foot and talking to local people is also very helpful with the physical a lot of farmers here have discovered things in their fields that provide clear evidence of old settlements. as it thanks to the help of locals the researches keep on uncovering new sites. they're located along ancient pathways

that centuries ago may have been important trade treaties connecting inland areas with the coast. another little village by the sea turned up a very special site discovered by a resident while he was digging a new latrine. doesn't win the 2 it's a hell that really got our attention so we went down there and take a look single for. the artifacts found here indicate the existence of not just any settlement but one that could be over 2000 years old. that's what a beauty. among the finds is the head of a small ceramic figure and exceptional discovery that saul said the subject of speculation for the archaeologists. for there is probably a body attached here it's going to might be a toy but it could be anything. from here we can start scanning straight away.

the next step is to create a detailed record of the head piece for further research archaeologist michael lyons uses cutting edge technology for the task in the shape of a laser scanner. just minutes later the computer has created a perfect a virtual copy of the sculpture it would take several days to draw something comparable by hand. the software even enables the researches to reconstruct a complete bowl based on one single shot and in the long term that technology will help them to compile a more complete picture of this previously unknown civilization in honduras. paths the excavation hunder as has also been affected by the coronavirus pandemic. the archaeologists had to stop work cover over that excites. and pretend to europe practically overnight. they left behind the majority of the objects that they

discovered in hunter s. . respect to marcos and i asked him how the project is now fairing. yeah you've documented objects like that little ceramic head in great detail using 3 d. sky yet it does not help you to pass the time while you're away from the site. is in the time yes indeed it does. yeah it's cool it's not just because of the corona virus that we don't have access to our finds schtick on. it's standard practice to spend several weeks or months on the ground documenting objects and the sites where we dig. and then we take all the documentation back home and work on it for the rest of the year. just as he was meant to settle on. what we did with these pieces of pottery scanned them in 3 d.

so that's an added bonus that. it's like we have them right there in front of us just in virtual form. we can turn them any which way as if they were real 3 dimensional objects like the one. your face what can you tell us about the discoveries you've made tank and. this could just well we've learned quite a lot. it's very fascinating to see how this one little site we conducted the dig was connected to the wider world of central america or even middle america so. we have a range of techniques to analyze what we found the pottery and other things and they let us piece together the history. she's difficult we can also reconstruct the relations or networks these people maintained back then. these are men she.

explained it seems you know and so you have working in hunter s. with a demonstration team. you dug up treasure and took some of them with you to any lies back home it's condoms actually took place i think my say that it all sounds a bit can any of this make how do you respond to that exactly. that's. the case for the i would most definitely disagree archaeological excavations are quite different nowadays. if we don't just take everything we find with us just a very very small set of samples that we want to analyze using techniques not available in the country where we do the dig. 10 x. we export them for a limited period of time and then we send them all back. but we also find is that people there are really interested in the past suddenly they're looking at

thousands of years of previous history. that changes the way they feel about themselves. plus there's the idea of seeing the objects going on display in a little museum there it's a really big deal so times have truly changed since the colonial era. feel and many thanks for those exciting insights and put taking the time to talk to us. sure. this is what an open rino like the ones found in one dearest sounds like. music appears to be a fundamental human need possibly dating back to the very dawn of our existence even if the forms that it takes differ from culture to culture. that one is music so important to us.

and how does it influence our feelings. this number has gone down in film history it's the music that ratchets up the tension and literally gets and asking. how come mess no one can measure the way music affects up to 50 different parameters in the body. and. listening to music changes the brain waves heart rate and certain hormone levels. as a psychologist who studies what music does to us and how it does it he says music is closely tied up with our emotions.

we thought music probably originates in the melodies of speech people took something of the emotion embodied in speech and transferred it to music that theory suggests that we can manipulate people's mood and mental states through music. restaurants often play music in the background it's influences what we choose to eat how fast we consume it and how much with protests. to play. an experiment in england showed that with classical music playing guests who are willing to pay 10 percent more for their food even if they were not fond of that kind of music. you don't have to be a great fan of classical music to feel that it's somehow meaningful and dignified. and as we listen to it we tend to ascribe those attributes to other things we see

around us would be able. other studies found that people adapt the rate at which they choose their food to the music that listening to cost beats hectic go play. a slow tempo say for a. little if the music feels slow dinah's linger longer and drink up to 40 percent more in fact at least when it's boots. still when it comes to on taste buds there are limits to the influence of music. as is their money and it's not as if the music playing in a restaurant prevents us from registering the quality of the food. its power doesn't quite extend that far. music we like activates areas of the brain associated with

a phrygian succeeds in firing up the limbic system in pumps out and commonly known as the feel good old man made not only makes you feel how it's said it also makes you more relaxed and more active and in your arms is your moment. and not holds true in its claims was the never. when the dining. hall shopping restauranteurs and retailers want you to feel great. around and. if a department store wants to have music playing in the background it has to be music that appeals to everyone but the public is diverse school kids buying sweets elderly people with lots of time on their hands if you want to manipulate people by means of music they all have to like it but thank goodness it doesn't always work out that way. a study from the us found that when

a wine shop played french music it sells more french wines. and more jam and wines when it played jim and music. things and not always so simple when it comes to the impact of music on the propensity to purchase things. they can work well for example in a jeans shop you hire a d.j. to play live the audience are all about the same age and it's clear what kind of music they listen to in their free time. so if you play that you can achieve quite a lot that's the strategic goal but in general one should not overestimate the effectiveness. of. the best laid plans can come to even the greatest efforts to appeal and manipulate. to the desired outcome. is. music is not entirely accessible to scientific study. there's

always a human being behind it who composes and engages with us on the basis of intuition and emotion. that has to be just right if it's to hit the spot. good into one study music can trigger at least 13 different emotions. are you getting goosebumps. even from canada has a question about that. why do some people get goosebumps when they listen to music. music

can affect us deeply. it can spark emotions and move us profoundly personal tastes aside. it can trigger memories and transport us back to a place where we heard it before. several areas of the brain are activated when we listen to music but studies show that some of us get goosebumps and some of us don't. research as a found that people with musical training and people who are open to new experiences more likely to feel chills right up their spine in response to music. this could be because they have gained so fibers connecting the order tree cortex of the brain to the areas that process emotions which means these areas communicate

better if you're the type of person who experiences intense emotions you're more likely to get goosebumps from listening to music too. of course some music makes your hair stand on end of for the wrong reasons. researchers also found that human voices what most often causes goosebumps. was. the cello and the viola are also very moving and incidentally if a piece of music gives you goosebumps you're more likely to remember it. 2 2 on maybe it's mozart's music that stands your emotions or helps keep your cognitive function. yestreen composer was certainly

a superstar in the world of classical music. he created more than 1000 pieces of music works that are often said to have almost magical power. just listening to mozart really make you smarter. the so-called mozart effect which was identified by researchers in 1993. all they gave a group of college students a 10 minute audio sample to listen to. with soundtracks ranging from silent. to a relaxation tape othman's you call us to a mozart piano concerto. the students were then asked to take a spatial intelligence test. of. those

subjects who had been listening to mozart performed better than the other groups registering spatial i.q. scores 8 or 9 points higher not a huge leap but certainly a jump. that said the intelligence boost lasted all of 15 minutes at most and then it disappeared. but that's surprising if short lived effect triggered a media frenzy mozart makes you smart was in all the headlines. the impact was especially great in the united states babies born in georgia and tennessee were given a mozart cd while kindergarten kids in florida were treated to an hour of mozart music every day. to the scientific community also seemed enthralled researchers reenacted the original experiment but struggled to confirm the mozart effect it was

replicated in some tests but not in others. meanwhile there was a suspicion that the music merely improve the mood of test subjects giving their brain some brief stimulation another question soon a rose doesn't have to be mozart. as it turned out music by other artists had the same effect whether a sonata by schubert or a song by the 990 s. british band blur. so the notion that only mozart makes you smarter and permanently so was just a myth but the big question remains how does music affect the brain.

our great matter is in fact colored by practically everything we do that includes listening to music and even more so playing music what ever the music practicing and performing leave a mark. in drummers the neural pathways linking the 2 halves of the brain tend to be fewer but ficker which is perhaps why they're so good at certain swift and complex movements. surely a well trained 5th brain is capable of more than a standard specimen well there are plenty of studies that claim playing music makes you smarter. experiments showed that people with a musical background were better at certain things. they might have better language memory skills for example or were better able to remember things the. children in particular performed better on the memory front and in intelligence

tests if they had had at least a year of music lessons the problem is even if playing an instrument goes along with higher i.q. test scores it doesn't mean the one cause the other. einstein played the violin and was an ace in physics wouldn't he have been a science whiz even if he had never learned an instrument. playing music and being intelligent may well co-occur but whether one contributes causal each of the other is highly questionable. more than a 100 studies over the past 20 years have claimed there is a causal connection without sufficient evidence to back up the claim. like muscles the brain can be given a workout but training and one activity doesn't mean you perform better in others

if you skills are very different being good at the one is not likely to make you better if the other practicing the piano all day is likely to make you a better pianist. but will it make you better at solving differential equations. hardly. still practicing an instrument not only lets you play music it can also teach you that practice does make a significant difference that can boost your self-confidence and willingness to really apply yourself. so to recapitulate does music make you smarter well there's no straightforward answer but quite apart from any possible link to intelligence music is a treasure and a joy in its own right. whether in the form of mozart pop or hip hop. but.

that's all for now thank you for joining us for morning roasting stories about science and technology visit our website will be back next week with the french edition of tomorrow today until then but by.

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