the fight against the corona virus tend to have a has the rate of infection in developing. what does the latest research say? information and context? the coronavirus update. 19 special on t w. a visionary and a pragmatist and a diplomat who always gets straight to the point to look good to institutes

outgoing director close to tell a man will look at his final year in office and his impressive career limiting the last cultural diplomat starts nov 16th on d w with news that a vaccine might be around the corner, you ethical questions are on the horizon. who will get it 1st? how much will it cost? will the ritual pole be 1st in line? for the most vulnerable, like this woman here, she's living in a bomb shelter because of the armenian azerbaijani conflict. it is

running rampant in these tight corners. says go to frontline workers who put their lives on the line. like here at a testing station in frankfurt. questions remain, especially on the news that brazil has suspended its trial of a chinese candidate vaccine. there are no easy answers. welcome to the show all this week with talking vaccines and code 19 on monday hughes broke that there could be a vaccine by the end of the year. and america's pfizer. germany's biotech were 1st to announce successful data from a large scale clinical trial of a crowded virus vaccine. they say it's more than 90 percent effective when not going to be able to rely on just one vaccine to inoculate the world. and then came the unfortunate news. brazil's health regulator has stopped clinical trials of china's corona vac organizers of the trial say it was a death that it was not related to the vaccine. it,

starts on those developments with henry who is professor of bioethics, near i.r., near if that were the result of the death would lead to the trial. how ethical would that make it if the drought doesn't you know where something bad happened. it's just like the cross should work to keep that risk but a participant being exploited. so they are being offered you know, the areas of how transmission of cool whip, very dangerous can kill people in those areas. you're taking

risks because people who will use this seem after it's been proved, see in your relations because but it's a reasonable date and they were very, they're already dropped. but we mentioned one corona vaccine being very successful, one less successful there. there are hundreds in development right now, but what is the most ethical way of testing a more promising one than the less a promising one? you know, we don't know. we've seen success, but it's not. it's a bit like the elections. after half an hour of his own, things will change when there are signals that one of the scene might be more promising than another. it may be tempting to say,

always not ok to compare them and work each other because we're offering that point less promising. but seen a list promising not to remember the election, it is just briefly what, why is it important to test vaccines on, on the continent or country in which they're to be used? well, it's actually very important for the country and its population is known as this is actually protected by words. it's also important for the inhabitants, you know, in people who are traditional and environment need genetic characteristics. it will also not that good thinking, believe you know, we kind of, we will again see if it's so great to be seen draws. i, can you stay where you are?

we'll return to later in the show 1st of all biotech and pfizer have sparked a surge of optimism, but the unsung heroes of this tale of the thousands of unpaid volunteers taking part in clinical trials, many in latin america. however, it's not clear when latin americans will actually get the vaccine. insall paulo biotech researchers have already tested the vaccine on hundreds of people, either with an active ingredient or placebo. not in america's one of the world's main vaccine testing grounds. largely in brazil, volunteers an awful lot of talk to the media. their own paid for many of the attraction is that they will at least be vaccinated by taking part of our test subjects and not just health workers. they're also ordinary brazilians who have to get up early to take the bus or subway for hours to get to work. they get to go to those ports. recuperating brazil is the country with the 2nd, most coronavirus related deaths in the world to the people here feel like guinea

pigs in a lab. they need to question is a risk. that's unavoidable when testing the vaccines. and monday's announcement showed the biotechs research was more advanced than any of its competitors, vaccines. the german company stressed the test results were early and still incomplete. there was give us, we believe that this vaccine from minds will be efficient. it will probably be one of the most important vaccines in the world. another german pharmaceutical company, cure of attack, is also testing a vaccine in latin america. in panama, the high infection rate among the population makes it easier to get speedy results . panamanians are hopeful that the cooperation will allow them to manufacture the vaccine itself. later, technology transfer in return for helping with the testing phase effect upon them as working together with the german vaccine company certainly gives our country a competitive advantage over other countries. is also

testing in peru for the inhabitants of the poor area. bella vista, del mirador, the testing process itself is not the main issue for them. it's simply about surviving the pandemic. the people here fear they will once again be left behind when it's time for the vaccine to be given out. but i doubt that ruffian government will provide us with the vaccine here. it's almost impossible, we feel forgotten the now very real prospect of a vaccine this year is largely due to the contribution of people like the residents of bella vista. but when latin america will get the vaccine remains unclear. well, something else that could speed up the process of finding a successful vaccine or human challenge trials. hysteric williams on that other countries do their own challenge trials now that the u.k.

has announced it's doing so. challenge trials involve intentionally infecting organisms with a pathogen, to find out how well vaccines or medications work at stopping that apage. and there are thousands track method for determining safety and efficacy. and we conduct them all the time, usually on animals, especially primates. but in ethical terms, schuman challenge studies, like the one proposed in britain can be pretty charged. if the plans are approved starting this january researchers, there will be going to liberate lee infecting young healthy volunteers with sars cove to initially to find out how much of the pathogen it takes to make them infected. once the scientists have determined that they can begin giving other volunteers vaccines then subsequently challenging their immune system with that preset dose of corona virus to see how effective the vaccines are doing things this

way can provide precise data quickly. so it can really speed up the development process. that's because instead of just giving a late stage vaccine candidate to thousands of volunteers and a placebo to thousands of others. and then basically waiting to see what happens, researchers have a lot more control over the entire process, but they don't have control in one key area. because we still don't have of sure fire therapies to treat someone if an induced covert 19 infection turned severe. the possibility that a human challenge trial could cause a volunteer long term damage or even kill the that can't be ruled out. despite those risks, britain is apparently not the only country to consider conducting human challenge trials. according to the science journal nature, at least some exploratory planning has commenced in belgium and the us as well.

ever turning to our professor of bioethics, near what's your take on human challenge trials? i think that charles, quite distinct from what we've discussed so far are regular fuel drops. john rawls are also in my view and cooled down. it's a consensus. you wouldn't the, one of the experts earlier, john rawls would be because their wrists, although they exist, remain at lower bracket that everybody except such as dr. keiji noonish or you this piece were doing, did not throw out, burst forth with the fortunes of the earth being put at risk, but to go hundreds. now, millions of people, if we can get through it seem faster, i think it's on balance justified within 4 percent of 4 years. in what ways can

they help speed up the development of a vaccine? in multiple ways. you quote, you're waiting for people to get exposed to the virus that sometimes isn't happening. it has not happened in the early draw or a viper room virus in the u.k. . it has happened in the trial, so are other types of us carriers in china. so if there wouldn't be enough virus in a regular trial, we wouldn't know for many, many months to get the parts and off the job problems to who they were being fair. people. the flip side of this is then normal, the worst school hours. and you couldn't find within weeks their results. there are also other things you can find out. you can, you know exactly where you infect them. so you can assess that eurasia scene

production. you can assess very accurately the exact mechanism through which the system gets fills in the scene. we're so it's very, very well bioethics professor, thanks for being a live show today. and there's the watch of a black man in his mission building houses before a businessman in south africa wants to change, and congress decides to put the better my cousins to be replaced by brouhahas tal's when it's affordable and environmentally friendly with bricks made out of, a cycle waste, heat go for go on t.w.,

move things, fixing things instead of throwing them away with subsidies instead of projects renewed and sustainable. this is what germany's church should look like and winding up instead of lagging behind, made in germany. in 60 minutes long t.w. it was the 1st international tribunal in history. the nurnberg trials, 75 years ago, high ranking officers of the nazi regime of mortgages by the allied forces were the 1st war criminals to be held accountable for their crime spree. of those found

them on them getting rid of 10 years of frasier, our 2 part series, the 3rd reich, the talk starts november 12th on d. w. hi, you know it's possible to clean the ocean with her. it's a big breaks out of rubble. we're going to tell you more about these and other interesting stories over the next hour or thereabout. welcome to equal africa. now it's i me in new york state nigeria. and i am sandra to be nobody here in kampala, uganda. it is good to have you with us for yet another exciting episode of my

environment to show we focus on africa. here are some of the topics that we'll be looking at today. how rhonda, trying to revive a decline in needs be population. we also see a sharing economy you saw have sconce resources on to finally, how young activists in ghana apply to fly healthier ecosystem. but foster to run the bee population there has been shrinking and then great there as it has been in europe. the main culprits are chemical pesticides and intensive farming practices bought. biggest contribute to buy a day by city. they are great pollinators. so big keepers and rhonda coping. how can they talk of the problems? we went to meet some of them to find out

his bees are dying and he can't do anything about it. and same kind, gabo is destroying each of the past 80 years. more than half of his 70 colonies have perished. because if we do all the bees that come back from the farms, in fact the others are going to be hived off. that's why i think both in the traditional and the modern day hives the mother somehow because it is up for the number declines gradually. i mean, you can see going until there were no, but he's alive inside me because i get a lesson. i'm saying cabo has been raising bees for more than 20 years. he uses traditional bee hives to collect wild ones. then he transfers them to small . modern bee hives on his farm. the bees go in search of food in the fields around his village in northeastern rwanda. families here and across the country are using

more and more pesticides on their crops. these potato plants are no exception. at the same time, the populations are collapsing, farmers are aware that these things are connected. a large number of bees die when the i was betrayed or plants are in bloom. whenever blaze land on the flowers after we've sprayed them, we see them dry. pesticides are toxic and kill many forms of life that are not the intended target. when they feast on, b. keep has suffered, the economic consequences are the 1st. we would like the government to support farmers to get chemicals that are not toxic. that way they can continue farming without causing us to lose our bees, which is designed, you can security, but a shift to organic farming is still a long way off here. biological pesticides are rarely used,

in part because they're expensive. the government is considering raising the tax on chemical pesticides and lowering the tax on organic ones that would be good for the environment. farmers and beekeepers. here in the meantime, the government offers training courses for beekeepers. one topic, how to breed healthier and more productive bee colonies. we want to develop this, which is this is the best it's, it's precisely production. and it is the products that won't solve the problem of pesticides, but at least became this can learn how to breed queen bees, and thus build new colonies. the beekeeper, cooperative co-op is a, has been taking part in the training program for over

a year. instructors come and visit regularly, every egg from a queen bee has to be taken out of the honeycomb and were placed in a new beehive. so that it then the bees have to feed the eggs. after 2 or 3 weeks, the new breed hatches we're glad we getting this training. now we can be sure that there is going to be more bee colonies because we can look forward to having more bihar use. and that will guarantee increased honey production. for the co-operative has already managed to make up a large part of its losses. here or do we have to see more since this new technique was introduced? it is our business. we had lost a large number of colonies. we only had $120.00 beehives left out of

a total of $400.00 and then disappear. but since then we've managed to add $200.00 hives. that's a great success story over a short period of time. we're going to use this training program has been running since 2015 and at no cost to be qantas. the government once every beekeeper in the country to take the courses, thanks to the program, honey production has been rising again. and so has the price of honey up $5.00 fold in recent years to about 6 heroes, a kilo in part because the bee population has shrunk. despite all the advances, the honeys still contain some toxins, but other changes like making chemical pesticides more expensive and biological ones cheaper could help create better honey, while keeping the bees a life. it sounds weird, but it is true. you can help the environment by cutting your hair. hair is so bent

on a hair dresser in france came up with the idea of using it in the sea. let us see how it wants. half a stylist in southeastern france cuts off $29.00 kilos of it every year, but instead of just throwing it out, collects every look to help fight oil pollution in the world's oceans. and also there was like a feel like it had sort of hydrocarbons. that is to say, hydrocarbons stick to the outside. that's why you can wash them off. they don't get inside the air founded. the project is used or fat head dresses beauticians from across from send in hecla pings formally unemployed people and school dropouts. stuff the head into nylon stockings to make pillows which will

then be used to absorb fats and oils from water. the pillows to fisherman and harbor operators. he pays his helpers with the proceeds. some of the pillows are now in use in a pilot project in the harbor of more than $1000.00 boats adopt here in the long run will try to use it around the port since the rain runoff. water falls in the port. it washes out the soil picking up hydrocarbons. so the idea is to go around the whole port under the boat and the refueling station, and above all, to convince other ports. if one kilo of hair can absorb 7 liters of oil. the hair pillows are brought to a special company for washing and can be reused up to 10 times. sunset on visitors might be happy to shoot ahead for

a good cause. then how about you? if you're also doing your bit, tell us about it. is it our web site, forbes, and does a tweet today do in your day share your stories. you can find informal settlements in most african cities. living conditions are often really tough. a young entrepreneur in south africa came up with a great idea to make things better. indeed, it builds homes out of bricks made from recycled rubble. the houses are safer and more sustainable than the usual metal shocks. people with pretty skeptical at 1st, but tenants are now moving into the houses. he's built who went to sweat. so to find out more about this, the township of soweto lies just south of johannesburg. formerly

a home to mine is the region now has around 4000000 residents. no one knows the exact number most live in corrugated sheet metal shocks. and that's just what young entrepreneur london wants to change. he wants to have lots of brick houses, built 50000 homes in needed in the johannesburg metropolitan area. coming to look for work opportunities. so most of them to prefer to live in the thousands because it's cheaper to live there when you're ready to move from where i used to go to work. so this creates an opportunity for homeowners to actually create a coalition for those people where they are then to start either in a formal manner or the many south africans could never afford to buy a home of their own. so they rent shacks in other people's backyards. all crammed

together side by side. one little oval is a self-taught brick layer. while building and out building in the backyard of his parents' home. he got an idea to replace corrugated metal shacks with brick houses, his customers, other people who own the land. they pay for the building in monthly installments, using the rent they receive from the tenants, while the tenants themselves get to live in a better home. plus the whole thing is more environmentally friendly as the houses are made of special bricks. so they're more like almost like their books. so because of a different breed and caused by up to 10 percent to live with this you're going to according to rupert plan led to make his bricks out of construction waste.

so he doesn't need to use sand. that also means the bricks don't have to be fired in a kiln, which saves on energy. because the building blocks are interlocking, the pressure of their own weight is sufficient to make the wall strong, unstable. it's an unusual way to build, but it's less of a burden on the environment than traditional masonry. comes to people because it's now more convincing than this man was also interested and happy to learn more so than the c.b.s. is among the 1st tenants to move into one of the brick houses. the 35 year old car

mechanic has been living in a backyard for 6 years until recently in a metal shock. but not anymore. now he has a proper home. he used to pay about $35.00 euros a month. now he pays 40. he thinks it's worth it. actually i very happy because if you're staying in the last thing in that shake the place to be actually you feel confident when everything building rubble is a major environmental problem. in the impoverished districts of johannesburg, many companies just dump their waste in the townships to avoid paying disposal fees . knows this all too well. every day, dozens of trucks come to her neighborhood to illegally dump building waste for more prosperous areas. this bothered her

a lot until it inspired her to become an entrepreneur. now she's founded a startup. the process is waste. so because a lot of people do it ways to move a variety of ways in their college. but then we take responsibility with the waste in the they had visited roads with their waste, we compost it. we also send it, distribute it to organization that make you service organizations. flight landed to house building company or to startups plan to work together to know who could use the plentiful building rubble for his environmentally friendly bricks. now the 2 are working on ways to crush the waste and transported to the construction sites. they hope to get started seeing

here are all sorts of training them to prove their own house. and another one of all that is the stuff of the future. right now. each building is a major financial risk for london is a low level and his startup, he's only been able to complete 3 homes with environmentally friendly products. so far, 3 more are under construction, but he's been inundated with requests for more. sharing is caring more and more people across europe are warming to the idea of the sharing economy is a good way to help each other reduce consumption and waste and benefit b. environment. i despise the restrictions on social interaction because of the could be 19, but dammit, sharing is catching on. perhaps because people really want to show solidarity and become in this difficult.