if you're going to just do that and not a trace of what happened to danny's dream with black gold oil, thomas, it starts december 4th, w. . thank you. news spreads rapidly in times of crisis. unverified articles get millions of shares on social media. fake news often gives rise to conspiracy theories and drives people out onto the streets in protest all over the world. do some countries have bigger problems with fake news than others? and if so, why? more on less on this week's edition of tomorrow. today, the science program on t.w. . welcome to the show.

where do you get your information? can you separate fact from fiction? this disinfectant was manufactured in 26 states and somehow poll ready protected against coronavirus true or false? true coronaviruses were discovered decades ago that 19 is just a new one. this was also shared thousands of times a video of dolphins in venice. except there in sardinia. fake news is so prevalent, it's now become the focus of scientific research. from the claim that the corona virus originated in a lab in china and the chinese want to donald trump's reckless recommendation to inject disinfectant in a minute. believe in the conspiracy theory that bill gates intends to take over the world with a mind controlled axe. the net is full of bizarre and baseless notions about the

virus from the university of zurich was involved in an international study on the spread of just information during the pandemic. wanted to see why there were differences between country. it seems to be that some countries provide a more fertile breeding ground for the spread of this information. the researchers prepared a social media post, presenting the false claim that the virus is a biological weapon. study participants were then asked whether they would share or comment on the very very interesting observation is how the willingness to share. such posts varies between different countries. in switzerland for example, 11 percent of those asked said they would share the posed a huge difference from

the u.s. where 27 percent said they cherish and how much one, tying them on someone 25 percent saying they would like to comment on the post. either the question we asked was whether those surveyed believe their government is capable of getting the crisis under control. and here, more than 75 percent of participants in switzerland said yes, we have a lot of confidence in our government. but then we have, i think, are of under 30 percent for france as we can see here, under 40 percent in the u.s. . so that's a considerable disparity to other fine ears, that fake news tends to flourish in countries with a strong populist slant. one reason is the populist style of communication. this information is a stylist device that you often find in populous communication. and certain

information is a method, while some is distorted to fit the narrative that the european union has its own fact checking website to counter the growing flood of fake news versus disinfo combating this information is now a major policy priority. both governments and international organizations have taken to the internet, just spell out the facts. vienna based mimi comma is one of the biggest fact checkers in the german speaking world. the coronavirus has posed serious challenges for its experts. they were already dealing with around 150 fake news notifications every day. that number is more than tripled. since the pandemic struck communications expert, i'm dave says fake news has seriously escalated at the start of

the crisis. there were a lot of largely harmless hoaxes chain mails and what's not messages where people were evidently afraid and insecure about the new situation. there was a lot of trolling and initially satirical posts among these people. but then in march, we saw things reach a 2nd level with videos imposed by contrarians scientists that contradicted the scientific consensus. that's where things got more difficult, really went on. and then in april we noticed a really big shift with a load of conspiracy theories suddenly popping up. all of that made especially difficult for every kind of fact checking because there are no facts to check const . on the contrary, these myths 1st assume legitimacy. and then challenge you to disprove them. and actually that's the wrong way to go about it. you know, to fight it. the sheer number of all the little myths and bogus reports suddenly lead to a lot of responses in the real world. people started going out and setting fire to

5 g. masts because they believed that 5 g. was responsible for the spread of the corona, virus. mindless violence, triggered by made up claims about the virus. another example of the danger of fake news and the importance of facts with facts isn't always easy because facts require data and hold of them is no piece of cake. take conservation, for example. if you want to know how many species there are in an area and how population numbers are changing, you need to study that area over a long period of time to get a reliable fact. nice that is falling in the region in southern germany.

ok, let's go to the plot. 52. kamila and his colleagues from south korea are setting off to work. they often come to the boards at night to capture insects. they're not assessing up a light truck in the hope of catching month, so as to work out how many species are at home here. the bones of the thing is really labor intensive. the organisms are really tiny for one . many are only a few millimeters long. i can't do much with them out here, so i need to take them with me. another thing is that the species differ depending on the time of year and the weather. so i have to keep on coming back. i need to use different methods as well. so i'm pretty much never done and can really only do it in a certain number of selected areas. researching biodiversity and its changing patterns

requires a lot of practical know how often there's a shortage of personnel, money, and time. for that reason, data is often only collected from $1.00 place, rather than on a large scale and over a long period. pay has come to germany to hone a new map, they designed to make the process easier on more representative. it really gave me all the time, good insight and then also germany is very advanced. it call it occurs study in south korea. so we are quite late for this area. so i'm launching a lot of things from german colleague here. so they are very nice to work with and they are very advanced in many tech knowledge. she'll need to see the samples in the trap before she can show you or her new method. the next morning they returned to the forest to collect the muffins.

they've captured but there is a problem. where exactly did they hang up the truck? unfortunately, we lost the plot yesterday. but sometimes it happened before the let's say, finally they managed to locations. field research is rarely simple. 1st, at least the weather is good and the area is easily accessible, which isn't always the case. so let's see what the baby girl so whole it looks like. when you look at this you see this big

a cockroach, a fair beetle. 2 or 3 dozen moths on a platter of flies in the forest is a fantastic catch for me. it was a little bit warmer last night that explains the activity. and the cock shavers typical round about maggots. but this represents just one location and 1. 2 kilometers away, they've set up another drop. it's really good for to check. yeah. the dead trees may look bad, but they're actually good for biodiversity, even if they do make it harder to reach the traps. the insects are placed in a liquid to preserve them. sometimes it's not easy, so we should be careful and, but mostly i think i'm going for i just find that there's some

koreans or i states more hard to read. lab tests will help identify the insects. the researchers want to see how climate change is affecting local biodiversity. boy, we're seeing trees die, and the question is, is this bad for biodiversity? our data currently suggests not knowing this for the way it's terrible economically for the forest owner. it's beyond doubt that global warming's growing impact on nature also has huge economic repercussions. but how will it affect biodiversity? we'll have to wait and see. this is for the us worked up. it's hard to establish exactly was the impact of climate change and human activity has on species. it also depends on the kind of forest, coniferous, or deciduous,

dense or sparsely populated, as well as the age of the trees. let's go on their way back. they encounter another problem that researchers have to contend with. look at this tree. you see this playing caterpillar. it will one day turn into a gypsy moth. the insects are spreading in many forests in germany. damaging trees in the forest owners want to use poison spray to kill the caterpillar's. but the extent of the ad break isn't clear. for researchers monitoring the activity of pests is also part of the job. just so a lot of information has yet to be gained by the number of species of insects, ground welling organisms, and even birds. it's also unclear how they're all doing

in order to be able to monitor them more effectively and comprehensively. the researchers are turning to new ideas and technical solutions and one of those new ideas can be found in low earth orbit, or neo, for short, 700 kilometers about the earth. the satellite sentinel one keeps a watchful eye like its radar images are available within one hour. in the event of natural disasters, for example, they can help rescue workers get an overview. but the technology is also useful for conservationists. for more on that, let's return to our scientists in germany. and here at the ecological field station of the university of that book, head and your camilla are inspecting their latest cotch. not a single light truck picked up

a good 2 dozen different moths and beetles in just one night. even in a single sample like this, identifying the animals can be a challenge. and then comes the hard part identifying with some species that's very usual, like some which is large and distinctive looking. but a lot of species are small and gray and all the same, their genitalia will have to be examined. and compared with reference samples, which is a lot of work, we're not talking about 1020 or 100, but between 10500000 specimens to be determined in the long term pay is showing her colleagues how they can modify the forest fire diversity in a far easier, faster, more comprehensive fashion i've brought in because the media will react. so you can see from in its place that

you're on pace for the great potential of using radar images from satellites in the quest to monitor species diversity. the center now one satellites have been orbiting the earth for the past 6 years, using radar discounted surface, an 80 kilometer wide swathe with a spatial resolution of 5.5 meters. the radio waves kind of trace cloud cover and even forest canopy revealing the structure of the vegetation below. this is the part that i was so impressed that here at the start and all these lights, green is rotary forest. and the radar data indeed shows the tree species growing here. this enables the researchers to quickly investigate large amounts of terrain all b.s. in fairly low resolution. they can improve the image quality by also conducting

flyovers across representative woodland areas. the aircraft scans the forest with an onboard laser. the resolution here is far higher than with radar $10.00 to $1.00 centimeter per pixel. the researchers use a combination of both technologies radar for scanning larger air on laser for greater detail and metrics for the resulting data provides information about species, the height and age of the trees. the density of vegetation a lot about the animals in the forest. from the specimens taken from which species tend to live, where if we kept the structure of we just

structure and therefore a structure effect a lot in there. so that's why we can detect well there and how this can be there. the findings can be marked on mops. you find a couple cases in the region always will. and here you from fiji to la parva little flycatcher. and this is striking because nobody is able to really work for you though. you're in this rough terrain road with a lot of they're just going to want what takes an hour and you cannot go there everywhere. and this is really no all that we can go through the whole landscape using travel to take samples on the ground will of course, remain a vital part of the researchers work. but the hope now is that the radar data will

enable them to project their findings on to large scale areas that will give them the bigger picture of whether entire starkly diversity is twin lakes. and maybe what action can be taken to stop the satellite data is not only important for research. over 2500 active satellites are currently orbiting the earth, providing information for all kinds of applications, like g.p.s. navigation systems. they could replace t.v. towers, smart phones, also you satellite data. and speaking of smart phones, how often have you looked at yours today? and how are your eyes doing? staring at a phone or computer display puts a lot of strain on the eyes. the constant focus on the same object looking in the same direction and from the same distance takes its toll on i'm muscles and it can

damage our eyesight. professor chris low man at the hospital of the technical university munich says it raises the risk of developing short sightedness. no minor was. normally we blink every 10 seconds. but when we're staring out a display, it's only every 30 or 40 seconds. it's a cool for us to go through the redo blink reflex tires the eyes. the tear film ruptures and the eyes begin to burn an itch and lose focus on trial for easy. but it's a simple trick is designed to give our eyes a bit of relief. the dark mode setting found almost apple and android devices with updated operating systems. when it's activated, the background becomes darker and the text brighter. it's easier on the i mean if the room you're in is dark, but is the dark mode setting really healthier?

this is an answer. i've tried it out too and it does feel better. but it doesn't address the problem that people who stare at, displays blink less and get dry entire dies. so it's not necessarily healthier for your eyes. does it at least improve your battery? life spans ties from german computer magazine, connect, conducted a test for us. brand new devices from the same manufacturer was subjected to a stress test with standard settings. and then with the dock option. analyzed a smartphone with a display in both dark mode. and in normal mode mode, the phone had a 20 percent longer battery life. and that's because phones with displays only light up the areas of the screen where something is happening. dark mode on cheaper phones with l.c.d. displays has 0 effect on battery life. so doubt mode can at least extend your

battery life, but only with more expensive models. in addition to darkness, this is also a nightmare all night shift. you're supposed to use it in the evenings so that the light doesn't disrupt your sleep, but doesn't work. it's been another restless night for tatiana. for the past 2 years, the student has been suffering from chronic sleep deprivation, desperate to find a remedy. she has an appointment at the center for sleep medicine at marburg university hospital. psychologist vana. castle has an immediate suspect. late night internet surfing it's quite possible that the light emitted by the screams can compromise your ability to fall asleep after dark. this entry often are pretty . the bright blue white light slows the production of the sleep or my own melatonin,

which normally tells the body it's time to go to sleep. so even though the natural light fades over the course of the evening, tatiana has difficulty turning off the sleep. researchers suggest setting her phone to night mode, which reduces the blue tones and for watching movies he recommends donning a pair of amber tinted glasses with a built in blue filter, even if they're not to everyone's taste. christie's auction 2, known for the orange tone filters out the colder blue and green light. so the light you are exposed to in the evening has little or no impact on your body, clock guns, beenish money in wood, and even better the night shift or spacey dipping. specks, of course is to put your phone away, featuring. 2 countless scientific studies have looked at the function of city and how it can be improved. 2 1 international study showed that over 60 percent of people feel that dense sleep well. and yes,

we spent nearly one 3rd of our lives leaping and often dream. maria consuelo artie's from columbia, sent us a fascinating question about that. can 2 people share the same dream? hollywood thinks they can, in the movie inception, so-called extractors, use experimental military technology to infiltrate their target subconscious and extract information from a shared dream world. but can this really work in the real world without any technology? can we really share dreams? and studies have shown that people can dream similar things when the same. daytime experiences are preoccupying them. a brand new study shows that in finland,

the code 19 lockdown earlier this year led to a number of people having similar nightmares of $800.00 people questioned. over half of them reported having nightmares related to the pandemic. dreaming, for example, that they became infected with the virus. but there are also reports of shared or mutual dreams that seem completely random. one woman dreamt that she was at a fashion party and went into an elevator with 2 gay friends. and we got into the elevator and they were dancing and being very kept in funny. and the elevator swooshed out really quickly. another woman who slept in the same room pattern, almost identical tree. so in her dream, she was in italy at a fashion party for a fashion designer. it was a very popular hotel and she was going to gain friends of hers. and as it is a,

went into the elevator, it shot out really fast, like it was a rocket. so this is an example of a mutual shared dream. a coincidence? or were the women just subtly in tune with each other? so far, there's no widely accepted explanation for it, but some psychologists, a.v. experience of mutual dreaming is most often reported by friends, relatives, and couples. and that it could express an attempt to enhance emotional attachment in relationships. well, what is right, why are bit by a maybe ok to have it. do you have a science question you'd like us to answer? say you did. if we featured on this show, you'll get a little surprise as a thank you. come on. just ask

if you'll find us on the web at d, w dot com slash sides, or check us out on twitter. that's all for today. put it back next week with more fascinating stories from the world of science. until then stay healthy and curious

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oh this is deja vu news line from bird and tree leading hong kong activists played guilty to protest charges a cost plus haul and we will continue to fight for freedom. and now it's not the time for us. how the baking and the surrender of joshua long and 2 other prominent pro-democracy organizers send a message of defiance as their trial gets under way. also on the program. what a mollusc government says. protesters who set fire to the country's congress building and guilty of terrorist acts demonstrate.