to take the biggest title of his career, he ends the ses and ranked number 4 in the world. you know, watching data over the news doc film is up next and asks if climate change could make water the habitat of the future. for headlines at the top of the ally in the meantime. as always, our web site get up. i'm a banker, it is thanks to you. and you hear me now. i guess we don't need you. and i last years gentlemen, sonce and i want to bring you, i'm going to a man called and you've never had to have a surprise yourself. it was just possible to list medical really what moves and want also to talk to people who've followed her along the way. maurice and critics alike join us for michael's last stop

in your country is threatened by the water. so supposed to be right on top of the water, it's not as votes or house in some hybrid climate, geo cities happening. it's not happening in future, or possibly it's already going on. it's the future of humanity. cubicin the sea levels will continue to rise, but by how much the earth is getting hotter. the polar ice caps are melting. in greenland and antarctica, the ice is receding. 6 times faster than expected. sea levels around the world are

rising. geo mark, the helmholtz center for research is located in kiel, germany. some of the world's top climate experts work here, including moji blood, teef, who studies global warming and its effects. these are golson ice ponds. these enormous ice caps hold an immense amount of water. just imagine if they were to melt away completely. gooden global sea levels would rise by about 60 meters since meter. an increase of that magnitude would radically alter the earth's geography. much of northern europe could be submerged, the netherlands would vanish underwater. but even a small increase would have a major impact, major cities in coastal regions and further inland would be flooded. and that includes london, boston, shanghai,,

washington, d.c., and mumbai. yet, that won't happen for decades or even centuries. but if we don't limit global warming, it will eventually be unstoppable and the, even if we stop emitting greenhouse gases and hireling, it will gets very late. these huge sheets of ice, a dynamic systems. if they reach a tipping point, sea levels could rise a lot very quickly. and this is a sign of a gun type. yet, we know that happened at the end of the last ice age. we don't know if it could happen today. and encrease of one meter, or even 3 meters, is possible by the end of the century or so that i make a commitment. so sea levels are rising and eventually many coastal regions might be named by the ocean. since the 19th century global mean sea levels

have risen by about 20 centimeters in the south pacific sea levels are rising 2 to 3 times faster than the global mean. the island nation of tuvalu might be the 1st to be swallowed by the way fully one half of the netherlands lies just one meter above sea level. one quarter is below sea level. the country is protected by a system of polders, dikes and dams. but for how long the netherlands is developing innovative concepts to deal with the projected rise in sea levels. here in amsterdam, a pilot project has created an entire community of floating homes such a glass, or is a founding partner of the space and matter architectural studio. he and his family

now live in one of the house boats. a small building initiative began acquiring the sites about 10 years ago. there's room for about 30 homes, houseboats. here are nothing new, but this project is one of a kind living on the water is incredible. it's a dream come true for me. this place feels like a vacation home to the hospital. if you come back from work and you feel relaxed and like you're on vacation. if you remember such a design, the house himself has plenty of living space spread out over 3 levels. you won't find this kind of comfort on a traditional houseboat. jetty connects the floating settlement to the mainland. we've got connections to the power grid, sewage and water systems, the internet and so on. it's

a plug and play concept and it's simple and it works really well. it was as good as it's like when you pull your motorhome into a camping site and you can connect to the entire infrastructure system and miserable, who have to infrastructure or with a living on the water gives you a lot of the flexibility when you start because you can expand the community quickly or make it smaller. you can reconfigure it again. and again. this concept has a huge potential with these floating homes generate much of their own energy photovoltaics solar panels. right now the site is purely residential. but sasha believes that this might change one day

our vision is not limited to house boats. you could also have voting schools, offices and supermarkets, just about any sort of structure. actually. a studio architectural firm is located in the town of rice, like the company was around it by cool, an old house. he's known around the world for developing floating solutions to problems posed by climate change and of an isolation. people call me what are architects for me. that means that you use water to make cities better. so worldwide to try to take advantage of the water by building on water, by taking the flexibility off the water of a death created these that are more efficient and more adaptable. the dutch have been taming the water and fighting the rising and falling times for centuries. it's not an artificial country. we are live on the meat, the sea level,

but we did build some dikes around it and we pumped water out. so now we have a dry country, but of course with climate change, more sea level rise, we can't keep everything dry. so we now have to see what's the next next step in this fantastic machine called the netherlands. body of sea levels continue to rise . the netherlands will be among the 1st countries that have to deal with the impact here. we have to take a lot of effort to keep everything dry. and i think what about other architects and other colleagues can learn from the dutch is that you never can sit still. you have to think of the next next steps in your inner city and your country. and we call this building for change and building for change. makes it's the you have to be flexible, we have to be ready for any change in politics, in technology, in climate, in whatever comes to us. and we get, we have to make sure that we can create new cities in visions,

what he calls the blue city floating metropolis that grows out of an existing city by building on the water structures, or even districts could be relocated to respond to climate change or new social condition is an optimist. he believes that architects and urban planners will play an important role in helping communities adapt to rising sea levels. so we also have to deal with nature. we have to start living with the water. and that's a moment that this kind of floating architecture taking use of the water building top of the water is the best because it's your city of your country is threatened by the water, the safest place to be is already on top of the water. here in amsterdam's i book, district, people are already living in floating homes and apartment buildings. it's

a model housing estate that features designs by a number of architects. the structures are anchored to the sea floor, instead of carriages, there are docks for boats. the neighborhood is also different in another respect, it's connected to the mainland by a jetty and the houses float on the water. so how would these structures actually built floating foundations that can be from, from concrete or from steel? and with that, think of a big, very large floating platforms. and on top of it platforms, we can built almost anything from form parks and green to houses, to towers. and these are these big platforms. we can connect to our cities on the water or lakes or rivers or seas, and that we can take advantage of that. that's water space. the range of possibilities seems endless. the ocean flower complex in the maltese islands,

with $185.00 villas and a floating golf course. the citadel apartment complex in the netherlands, a design that would use the water to help cool the buildings consuming 25 percent less energy than conventional structures. a plan for an entire floating city features self-contained modular construction and has lots of recreational space. a design for a floating mosque in the united arab emirates and a 25 storey hotel tower in dubai rotating on a floating foundation. but khun althouse is mainly interested in designing floating residential communities. but only floating villas will never be enough if you really want to cure the problems of space,

you have to also do it in high densities and high intensity that we also have to make floating towers. so the next step for floating cities will be these things floating stars. so we need a tower for rotterdam, a floating office tower of rice or 8 stories. and we do it in seal to cause lemonade to timber. and that means put on the big, frozen foundations, you can create almost same density as one basic idea, underlies water studio's designs and accounts for its international success. people ask me, do you want to live on the water yourself? while i have a family, i have 3 sons, and there for me, i only want to live on the water if the quality of the comfort is exactly the same as on land. but today, with all the technology, we have a favorable from the offshore industry and from form the shipping industry. we can make platforms that nobody even noticed that you're on the water. this is the mass, lance storm surge barrier in the province of south holland. and they love that in

the next thing. that is the last big flood was in 1953. nearly 2000 people were killed. the government said this can't happen again. during the storm, 200 kilometers of dikes burst, and water levels quickly rose to 3 meters. an estimated 100000 people lost their homes. afterwards the government ordered the construction of a system of 15 storm surge, barriers stands and other structures had to come from the barriers aren't enough. there are just a part of the system that helps us to keep our feet dry. it sounds simple, but it's really quite complex. the country you still battling the threat of flooding dikes are being rebuilt and planted with vegetation. beaches are being widened and sand. june's raised rotterdam was hit

hard by the 953 floods. the mass land area is one of the world's largest moving structures and now protects about 1000000 people. the 2 large floating gates are each 240 meters long, the retaining walls, a curved to withstand the force of the oncoming water. the barrier is closed only when a big storm is on the way. rotterdam is europe's largest seaport, and the barrier is designed to protect it, to him as against. and this is the only barrier of its kind that's run by a computer. we've worked hard to eliminate any technical complications that only the hours it takes just 2 hours to close the gates. this only happens when the water level hits 3 meters. he that i know you want to tell me a lot about everyone in the netherlands,

contributes to flood protection through the taxes they pay. even those who don't live near water in a pool, more than a 1000000000 euros goes into the flood control program every year. and then the government also finances efforts to help parts of rotterdam, city center, collect and drain excess water in an emergency. this is lots of open space in parking garages. they're designed so that they can take on runoff water during floods. rotterdam is particularly vulnerable to storm surges because of its coastal location. and because it sits in the delta created by the rhine and mass rivers, he is an unusual design floating pavilions. they're covered with

a special force that's $100.00 times lighter than glass and they're environmentally friendly. cooled by surface water and heated with solar energy. the pavilions are now home to a floating cinema. nearby, a floating park hexagonal islands made of recycled plastic. they've been planted with vegetation and already seem to be drawing a crowd for a unique city getaway. you can rent this small houseboat called a vehicle boat. it's wrapped in $24.00 layers of corrugated cardboard, which makes it light. and just about soundproof. the interior features a kitchen, bathroom living room and terrace. this vehicle boat is located near the rotterdam

city center, with easy access to sightseeing and restaurants. despite all the comforts there are constant reminders that you are living on the water. we now return to amsterdam and the iceberg district with its 75 unit housing estate. well that is from both. it's not a boat or a house. it's a hybrid before we have the units built at a shipyard on the i saw mary and big lake east of amsterdam and they're doing better here. didn't invent that way. construction work wouldn't be interrupted by bad weather, even in winter yard. and that summer when the units were finished, i had thought they were shipped through the logs to us here, doors, afrikaans, and they are those out of there and pander, anchored to steel poles that were driven 16 meters into the lake bed. and we designed the connections so that they could bridge the difference in height. both

of us feel of going overboard. but hope that difference is caused by the tides. but it's not very big like 60 centimeters. just a centimeter and the units can move. that includes the jetties which cover the utility lines for gas, water, heating and so on. you put the lines in, flexible to use, which are connected to the units. and they can handle the rise and fall of the tide . cylinders of ducts out, open the air, and over the top he has to have a different levels were also designed to adapt to the time it's in our home long day. the units actually sit on a floating foundation that's composed of air tight, concrete tubs. we chose the concrete because it's heavy and displaces water based on archimedes' principle that depending on its weight, concrete can displace many cubic metres of water to fall and the head with.

we made concrete terms in different sizes to balance. the weight of 4 wheeled. both cameras, hills are, for example, a bathroom is heavy. so we made the concrete base and thicker on the opposite side to offset the increased weight loss. and sarah, we explain all this to the residence. so if someone has a heavy sofa and a piano on one side of the unit, they can alter the balance by installing air filled tanks underneath the structure . look better lighting up to go to one house cleaner. or what else can the netherlands teach us about finding new ways to build on and with water? a dent out there, you have to have the courage to try something new. people in other countries could use our projects as an example. you also have to be willing to experiment, and the netherlands also drew on an example. the famous houseboat

community in the city of sausalito, california, which dates back to the $950.00 s. . like many communities built on water, its legal status remained vague for years. it was but lost on me, but we also had difficulties getting a mortgage and house as of danks, couldn't decide whether they were dealing with a boat or a house. so we had to come up with new solutions and in july 2019, paris recorded an all time high temperature, 42 degrees celcius city residents are learning to live with climate extremes, from high heat to heavy rain and flooding. paris hosted the un climate change conference in 2015, where delegates set a goal to limit the global temperature increase to well below 2 degrees celsius in

the century. a renowned architect and oceanographer jack ruggieri has lived on this houseboat in the heart of paris for more than 4 decades. it's located near the plus della concorde and also includes his design studio. yet to go on that the 2 great adventures of mankind are space and the sailor 11. this is the future of humanity. and the rouge area has been working on this futuristic project for decades. an ocean based research vessel called the sea orbiter. it's shaped like a seahorse. the project still only exists as a model, but its plans call for a total height of 58 meters, with 31 meters below the water's surface. up to $22.00,

scientists could work in the vessel rouge a recess that we know less about the scene than we do about space. yet they mean to you this for there are millions of creatures to study led. for example, the diversity of zola plankton is a measurable than mine. we only know a fraction of it, and then we need back the scientists ruggieri calls them aqua norse would live in pressurized chambers, so that they could take part in diving expeditions at any time. where should be crucial amir? i've lived underwater to the x. ray. i've been involved in a dozen projects on his habitat. it'd be a walk up to my set world records for a living underwater down through. it's been extraordinary hobby now movies for the swiss oceanographer as jacques peacock was an early supporter of the project. it worked in the deepest parts of the us at 11000 meters. i can always

encouraged me in my research on underwater settlements. and so he and i decided to develop a research lab that would be like the international space station. it could drift with the ocean currents and provide a base for scientists like a beehive. and to pick up the worker bees would fly out and collect scientific data on the marine environment. since he was inspired by the work of 2 of his countryman and jacques eve cousteau in 1962, cousteau spent a week in his underwater research facility, conch shells. he hoped it would be the dawn of a new age of marine exploration. in the 1970, s. rouge a really big and to imagine these future of laboratories and entire villages on the

ocean floor. if climate change continues to progress, the idea of underwater settlements could become popular and again designed this huge floating research center shaped like a manta ray. it would be 900 meters long and 500 meters wide and could accommodate up to 7000 people. a row of design imagines underwater rooms designed for holidaymakers very about it. one day we'll have space tourism and also underwater tourism. give you a map with facilities like hotels and research centers had. yeah, i know reality is taking shape or because it has to, the other architects are getting on board. the us furn solace for came up with this

idea for a marine research station to be based off the coast of bali, italian architect, john lucas, son thomas, was so developed this concept for a modular floating structure called high pick a. the individual units resemble versus brain in the human spine. it's like a cross between a cruise ship and a hotel. the german architecture firm gave those 2 to villa has designed a hotel that is to be built on the chinese island of high. none of the individuals weights would lie below the surface of the sea. mago cross a year, a vigil came up with plans for a lighthouse hotel that harnesses wave energy to generate electricity. some designs have actually been built the jewels undersea lodge in florida, which opened in 1906 bills itself as the world's 1st underwater hotel

leases the atlantis luxury hotel resort. located on the coast of dubai. it has more than $1500.00 rooms, spread out over $23.00 floors, and an aquarium that contains more than $65000.00 marine animals. we eat our undersea restaurant in the mall divo islands is located 5 meters below sea level. europe now has its 1st fully submerged restaurant. it's called the unda, located on the southern coast of norway. it was designed by the owns low based architecture firm, snow hetta, the same firm also developed the concept for this $100.00 room hotel that lies at the foot of a glacier. in the norwegian, arctic the hotel will run mostly on energy generated by solar panels. most of the plans are still dreams for the future. designed by visionaries like

jacques rouge, his crate are and i'm a dreamer, but i'm also extremely pragmatic met. i make my dreams reality. of course we get out dreamers and to do that, you have to be able to think clearly a shift to see. our society has caused a lot of destruction over the last 100 years. and we continue to destroy dettori. but we can't let these catastrophes continue. at that for a few, we have to find solutions and implement them step by step. then he did another vision for living in a marine environment. the ocean spiral that has 2 main elements, a sphere and towers structure that would provide living in web space for up to 5000 people and a spiral structure that connects the sphere to a base station on the ocean floor. russian

architect, alexander remy's old, has designed a modern day. noah's ark that could accommodate up to 10000 people this water scraper concept comes from malaysia, a floating building that would generate its own food and electricity, and house thousands. but are ideas like this truly a utopia? these would be stopgap measures. i don't think people want to live under water that humans are used to living on land. of course, it's technically possible to live underwater. but i think our quality of life would really suffer. i live with quality of the world's less affluent regions will be hit hard by the effects of climate change is going to impact a lot. so if they see mumbai is one of them, jakarta is one of them,

or such a ban is going to have a flood. so as for the united nations, it's a high, high alert actually the whole issue isn't a big threat to the ceiling waiting sea level. some coastal areas in asia are already taking steps to deal with rising sea levels. the has to move is sent to indonesia know they have to move the whole city center to somewhere else. 40 kilometers of it, which is they already working on by a 20 year think 40 or something other, they have to move their city to some other place. they already have a plant which ongoing. i think it could be similar situation from world. some 28000000 people live in the mumbai metropolitan region. the core of the city is built on several islands that lie in the arabian sea. this is a low lying area, and rising sea levels pose a very real threat. austrian architect, ramez najah, says that coastal cities like mumbai, must adapt to these conditions,

and that could include building floating communities as it too could be different with so that i'm convinced that entire cities will one day be built on water. you can't rely on putting up barriers, made of sand, or other materials. a little bit of cities will have to be built on floating surfaces the should even the noble flake in this new development would offer a number of advantages. particularly the construction of infrastructure near the city center and projects that generate energy to say it's no different about solar . proposes the use of floating turbines that generate electricity by taking in water. the concept is similar to that used with contra electric dan's in the austrian alps. take a look east and the technology comes from austria. we have a lot of experience with hydroelectric plants. and the other element is the creative side where architects can play a role reminiscent, his brother,

who's also an architect, have been designing water based communities for years. and they're convinced that these projects will become reality. i don't see it from this point. it's realistic because it's going to be a step by step process. i don't think we'll be seeing mega projects in coastal cities in the projects will grow slowly and gradually we see levels rising even more quickly, solutions are urgently needed. millions could be displaced by climate change. yes. you know how many climate refugees there will be? more than 200000000. 202300, 1000000 climate refugees. where will they go? these refugees will come from developing countries, not wealthy countries. 300000000 people, where will they live?

will bangladesh or india take the men? absolutely not. it isn't. then it isn't a thing. in low lying coastal countries like bangladesh, they can't do much to stop the rising water when they can't build dikes or other flood protection structure of like we have in germany and the netherlands. so there's all this for one thing. they don't have the money. and then it's simply not realistic to build dikes along the entire coast, so that you and i could. so even if the sea level rose by just 50 centimeters, millions of people would be affected by 9 of the world's 10 largest cities are expected to be threatened by rising sea levels. by 2050. they will have to develop a long term plan for adapting to the new reality. through do you have to set a reasonable timeframe?

it could be 100 years. but what is 100 years in the grand scheme of things? you have to have a magination, like our ancestors who built cathedrals. the sons of those architects and stone masons never saw the completed project that their fathers had begun. your grandchildren didn't either, but they had a vision for the future. you have to have that vision that the future is just a brief period of time in the course of human evolution. 100 or even 500 years means nothing. centuries ago, people used to take a long term view of your day comes that one of these long term projects is jacques rouge. a resigned for a floating city off the pacific island of tahiti. the u.s. based seasteading institute has developed a concept for a floating city project led by a political theorist, patry friedman. the co-founder of paid pound is also on board. the idea has

a political dimension. the sovereign ocean colonies would be free from state control. but floating communities must be available to everyone, not just the wealthy. the oceanic project is being developed in coordination with the united nations. the goal is to make floating cities available to the many coastal regions that are under threat. those solutions are urgently needed. nearly half of the world's population lives within 100 kilometers of the coastline. oceanic cities could grow and adapt housing anywhere from 30210000 people. the threat of rising sea levels might be right around the corner. hamburg in northern germany could also be at risk if god 3, how much is it? and it's a real danger. hamburg is located just 100 kilometers from the coast. and

research indicates that if the sea level continues to rise, the risk of storm surges would increase significantly. boycie through the news reels recalled, a flood of 962 when a storm surge washed over the dikes and flood of the north sea coast. about 100000, people lost their homes, and hundreds of people were killed. thousands as a woman or gun laws. the storm destroyed dikes along several 100 kilometers of coastline. hamburg was cut off for days. local residents were scarcely able to cope . and the situation today maybe even more dangerous, because since $962.00 the sea level here has risen by 20 centimeters. this is the port of hamburg, more than 350000 people who live in this part of the city. a still threatened by

storm surges, a lot of new projects are underway to protect them. this new prominent along the elder river, also serves as a flood control structure. it was designed by zaha hadid architects. the prominent rise is nearly 9 meters above the river walk. pember is building a lot of new dikes to pass and if in melbourne, the authorities are doing what they can. but i'm not sure whether we can really protect ourselves against major storm surges. and the thinking here is bizarre. for example, the half and city district, which was built on the side of the old horton, is especially vulnerable is to see levels were to rise by several metres. i doubt we could prevent the flooding. they're trying to call to fix it. if water

levels in the north sea continue to rise, london, my also be affected goals of a top or do we? many large cities are at risk. and that includes london. and if one all, if sea levels rise by 2 metres, i would assume that many parts of london would face serious problems for an extremely poor game of the calm. about 9000000 people live in london, which is located on the river thames. about one 3rd of those residents live in the city's central districts. along the river. the thames flows into the north sea, but rising and falling tide still affects river water levels in london. one 6th of the city lies in an area that's threatened by flooding. rising sea levels would put more than a 1000000 people and 500000 buildings here at risk. storm surges and floods have

become more common in britain. in late 2013 and early 2014, southern england was hit by a series of severe storms. heavy rainfall caused widespread flooding and power cuts and disrupted transport systems. in london, the thames burst its banks and many people were forced to leave their homes. the thames barrier is designed to protect the floodplain that includes most of greater london from times and storm surges that move in from the north sea. it's one of the world's largest movable flood protection structures. the barrier consists of 10 chutes, steel, gates that are usually submerged, but can be raised into position in case of emergency. in my opinion,

the times barrier design in future as one of the best examples of adaptation. now those, it's reaching the end of its lifetime, and there have been extensive studies to extent the usability of the thames barrier . there have been studies that have looked at a very wide range of scenarios up to, for example, rising to 4 metres. but some studies predict an increase of 5 metres by 2100., the barrier was completed in the early $980.00 s., when scientists were predicting a much smaller rise in sea levels. but now reality is outstripping those projections. i think london can be protected. there is a lot of investment in london is a big international hub, so it will be protected. no matter how well we protect a place like, like that. so a mega city or across the mega city. there is always some risk remaining in case of failure defense failure. and so this is something that is considered in the design and we should be prepared for the barrier will need to be updated. sea

levels are rising faster than anticipated, and london is at the forefront of planning for an uncertain future. definitely, london is setting the example for coastal megacities. i think something like 4 cities that can be affected by call some flooding. but there are other examples worldwide and for example, the most modern invention in venice. and of course, different solutions will fit in different places. but few coastal regions have a huge barrier like this to protect them from storm surges. if sea levels keep rising and many communities could be left to make difficult decisions, it often all starts monday and in some areas may simply have to be abandoned. in parts of wales, for example, communities are realizing they're living on borrowed time with the local

governments don't have the money to pay for flood protection. and so people will have to start thinking about where they're going to live 3040 or 50 years from now . that floating homes like these in amsterdam could offer refuge in a crisis. in the event of an emergency, for example, you could move house boats to hard hit areas fairly quickly to provide people with temporary accommodations. so long. for now, most people here who live on the water do so because they want to you're so close to the water that you can actually go swimming or kayaking any time you want. a floating home is like an expansion of the city. cities keep getting more densely populated, and buildings keep getting taller for the good. but as a living space into her water is still largely untapped in affluent communities,

floating homes are a lifestyle, a way to bring nature into the city. but they also often new ideas for adapting to climate change. it's going to introduce, you can either work against the water by building bigger barriers and so forth with about it or you can work with the water and embrace it. and that's what we're trying to do with this project. come to work out what under the sea is coming toward us. and we have no one to blame but ourselves. we call into it if we hadn't pumped so many greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. oh, we wouldn't have this global warming and rising sea levels will diminish because so this really is a problem that we ourselves have created false. we

are all in this together, it was the slogan on social media back when the corona pandemic started around the world. it is since then become clear that the flaws are suffering economic inequality in the us, the to reinforce each other good for 90 minutes on w.

give us your country. people will make you rich. people will provide you with jobs. the oil will take a good share of food medicines, at least a big claim was you 1st took hold on the west coast of come out in 2007. the stores made promises, but years later, reality looks very different letters. each is a drinking water shortage. place to live is that people, they let them live in this cave. what happened to god? a stream of black gold oil promises starts december 4th, w.

the to play this is the, the news live from berlin. 3 leading hong kong activists plead guilty to protest charges. god bless hong kong, and we will continue to fight the freedom. and now it's not that high bought out of beijing and the surrender. joshua long on to other prominent pro-democracy organizers sent a message of defiance before being detained. to wait.