with any other vaccine at the moment is the skill ability. but this also has an it guy has over to plenty different partners in different countries. those that are in the position to manufacture them, scale it up. so scalability isn't an issue. and they have already promised that $2000000000.00 is too white for exactly $8000000000.00 as will be available by the end of what you're going to want, which is really the total of the pfizer and might have not come by. so all in all, this is certainly encouraging, and we really, really something that was made into the vaccine ology. right. so you've outlined very neatly in terms of the advantages of this vaccine, but this vaccine still needs some fine shipping. yes, absolutely. i think one of the concerns that we are having no, i'm going to being debated is about the efficacy. because the efficacy of that believed to have been calculated is that one building regime has 60 percent and other has 90 percent. and then they took the average of 70, but basically you can't really say 70 because only person can get one regina,

you can't have to leave genes, you can have closes but not to genes. so this means that the efficacy is either 60 percent or 90 percent depending which does it take, but whatever the build they will choose, need to be fine tuned and we tested before to fall into the market. now obviously we've heard this is the 3rd promising vaccine that has been announced in the fight against a covert. 90 we've heard of course from the vaccine from biotech and pfizer mcgurn, are russia's sputnik obviously, also supposedly very effective on so many vaccines in the pipeline. you know, is there a rivalry there? is there a competition, there? is this good bad? is there room for all of them? well, this is really important question and to be honest, if this is a business for pharmaceutical being very clear, and this is certainly a market,, for example, if you remember deferred wiser c.e.o., it clearly stated that they are not going to subsidize any vaccine, just because that's not in favor of the company, but on contrast,

australia clearly stated that this is a non profit vaccine and therefore that the cost is, you know, it's going to go. so that is certainly a rivalry that is a race. but as it asserted, my concern is more about the safety ethic, ac, and the transparency of the data. so we will be bringing all of that information to make clear that whatever to vaccine that is ordered into the market is safe and effective and the possible proper checks. so if i understand correctly, i mean there's room for all of them that could you see in the near future vaccine being kind of tailored to specific areas in the world, our specific demographics it. yes, absolutely. again, very important too. to discuss this one. i mean we, we have to vaccinate the whole war at our own 68 or 70 percent of the herd population. this means that we need to act least $11000000000.00 is to minimize at that scale. no one to back seem would be sufficient enough to scale up and to immunize if this mean we need more of axioms and having more vaccines. mean we will

be able to categorise, maybe one or ability would be more suitable for particular vaccine or reach demographic areas. are pretty much knew given for the vaccine. as i said before, last was any cause for effect, for when you could lower and middle income countries and going into the tropical countries, a hot areas of europe, that after each patient would be a problem, they pfizer and whatever, not all are based on and wanted based vaccine, probably most notable for him, you know, compromised people. people are already on the street art therapy on a cancer treatment. so definitive vaccine would have a different suitability for this very poorest. so therefore, i'm old bit and encouraging more vaccine. we would have it better, would it be because i believe every vaccine would have a goal to me to curtail this pandemic, dr. mohamed merah of rolla, just a vaccine expert at lancaster university in the u.k. . thank you. well, germany is also optimistic about its timeline for coronavirus vaccinations. the

country's health minister now says vaccination centers could be ready by mid december. the minister stressed the importance of cooperating with multiple vaccine developers. and meanwhile, the government is in talks about how to stop the virus from spreading even more over the upcoming holiday period. a glimmer of hope in germany defer score on our virus vaccinations could take place within weeks. we want to quickly begin to offer back to nations as soon as a vaccine is available. unless there's a reason to believe that we can start at the latest at the beginning of next year. maybe already at the end of this year. and that is in the i was, vaccinations will be rolled out in 2 stages, starting was vulnerable. people. the need is urgent. the latest partial lockdown has failed to cut infections. though it has trouble lies the daily rate.

we have not yet managed to bring the numbers factual lower level. we have basically only managed to get past the 1st step so far. studies to stop the exponential increase of infections and we are no stable. but our numbers, our city is very, very high. fight fight, he wouldn't sign. for some patience is wearing thin, leading to n.t. low down protests and fears the far right is instrumental izing tensions. but many of germany's 16 federal states are doubling down, saying the partial lockdown must be extended and intensified with tighter curbs, on gatherings. with christmas, just weeks away, the pressure is arm. chancellor angle america will need state leaders on wednesday . then, if this isn't time, let's take a look now at some other developments in the pandemic virus cases are approaching 16000000 according to a tally by johns hopkins university. the global death toll now stands at almost

1400000, and india is planning to put off the winter session of parliament due to the rising number of right cases in the capital delhi and china is testing millions of people and imposing local lock downs. after multiple new cases were discovered in 3 cities across the country last week. now of the other stories making headlines, this hour 3 problems. hong kong activists have been detained after pleading guilty to charges of organizing an unauthorized protests last year. joshua while i've a lamb, and agnes show all expect to be given prison terms on congress to mock receive movement has altered since beijing imposed a sweeping national security. all israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu has refused to confirm or deny media reports that he made a claim. the stime visit to saudi arabia for

a meeting with crown prince. mohammad was so much the alleged visit would mark the 1st known encounter between senior israeli and saudi officials. meanwhile, riyadh as deny the claims and effect. if europeans accuse rebel forces of destroying the airport in the ancient town of exoo as the 2 sides battle for control of the northern region. with european has set a wednesday deadline for the t. group forces to lay down their arms or face an assault on regional capital mccaleb . how safe is the air we breathe here in europe? while a new study from the e.u.'s environmental agency shows that despite progress being made, many europeans are still exposed to harmful levels of pollution. officials are urging governments to do more to protect their citizens, especially those in urban areas. most europeans do not have access to

enough clean air like that found in forests. according to the european commission, more than 3 quarters of people living in big cities are exposed to massive air pollution. this remains the biggest environmental cause of avoidable illness and premature death. with close to $400000.00 premature deaths each year in do you link to your pollution? we know that the cost of to society is extremely high. the air pollution affects all of us, but especially the most vulnerable ones. the 3 main reasons for excessive air pollution have not changed. they are energy supply, agriculture and the transport sector. eastern european countries in particular are not implementing the means necessary to meet the e.u. directive on clean air and are thus not on track to hit the 2030 target. in some cases, it is the energy system can go from fossil fuels that are burning coal,

but also households use of energy sources which in the number of cases is still based on coal or on woods or on burning whatever people with lower income categories can use the european environment agency says the pandemic has improved air quality, but continuing the lock down is not a viable long term solution. were also balls governing body fifa has banned the head of the game in africa from all football duties for 5 years because of corruption. but from madagascar has been hoping to win a 2nd term as african confederation president on march 5th as ethics committee found him guilty on a host of charges including offering and accepting gifts and the misappropriation of funds. ahmed was supported by fifa president john in frontino. during his $27000.00 election campaign, you can still challenge the ban at the court of arbitration for sport and tennis.

danielle admits that the f.a. has won the a.t.p. finals in london after coming from behind to win a gripping match against u.s. open champion dominic team while the russian followed up his victory earlier this month at the paris masters to take the biggest title of his career dominic team's been here before and beaten finalist at this tournament last year. deal medvedev though, didn't even get that far. failing to win a single match and going out in the group stage was a difference a year makes for him. team started this year's final strongly taking the 1st set in a somewhat fortunately fashion that made for that because half see the funny side. he got his revenge in the 2nd set reeling off 7 straight points to win the tide break. he now struggling to keep up. the russian is

a tricky opponent. adapting and mixing up his game to suit the occasion. a barrier at the nets, and a formidable he held on to win the deciding set out of the title. this is probably my best of 3 of my life. not even talking about the title itself. i mean to win the mosque being on this unit. i mean, honestly, i would even, i know i can play good, but i would not believe it if you would tell me this before the tournament. this new generation of stars in men's tennis battle for supremacy is to be made today of heading into next season. as the pretend to this thread, a star is born, you're watching that we do is live for a while in coming up next our special edition on the corona virus. and that makes stick around for that more news. also coming up at the top of the hour for you. in

the meantime, there's always a web site with analysis and all the latest news, business culture and sports. dot com. i love iraq on behalf of the entire news team here in berlin. thank you for spending part of me david. the fight against the corona virus pandemic has the rate of infection in developing . what does the latest research say? information and contacts? the coronavirus update 19 on t w from the get go to parliament. every god knows probably why

despite coming from a new family, the pop star wants to become president. jesus, god is elite. the credible story of bobby war starts december 10th on g.w. . many leaders see testing as the way out of this dark and sporadic tunnel of coronavirus locked out. the thinking being that if you can catch someone before they spread the virus, then you can slow and even stop the pandemic. in austria, the government is planning a mass testing campaign. here a bike, courier drops off, tests at apartments in vienna. he'll be back in the evening to collect the samples to be tested. but not every test is created equal. and the timing of tests is also crucial to getting to someone before they're infectious can make or break the

contact tracing campaign. a mass testing program in northern italy has identified over 3000 coronavirus cases. and many of those people had no idea that they had covered 19 testing can clearly be a powerful tool for combating the spread of the virus. but what tests you do and where is key? we report from a hospital in beldin, a coronavirus test to make sure this patient's not infected ahead of her operation in a few days time. doesn't hurt exactly, but it's very unpleasant. it feels like the swab is poking around in your brain. but the test is obligatory to protect other patients and staff at hospitals like this one in berlin. but many people in germany would like the chance to be tested more regularly. it would be good if we could use the tests to make things like

travelling easier to be a bit safer, but that doesn't look likely any time soon with testing capacity at its limits. the government is trying to ease the pressure on overworked labs, even some hospitals are shifting away from the more reliable p.c.r. tests. instead using a faster, cheaper antigen test to check best stuff for the virus. has the advantage of rapid tests is that we get a result within 30 minutes. it's relatively reliable and a relatively easy testing system. but on the other hand, the disadvantage is that we know the rapid tests are slightly less sensitive to the virus. the p.c.r. test is the gold standard. it's more precise than the rapid test. it's good now. it's a fine balance between what's reliable and what's practical. but the rapid test come with that challenges too. in germany, they can only be administered by a trained health worker that costs time and money and means people can test

themselves at home. nurse eve bomb and understands that i lemma. as hospital staff, of course we would have like to keep using the p.c.r. tests because they're more sensitive. but i understand the labs are at their limit and we need that p.c.r. as more urgently to the patients. when they arrive with symptoms, then we have to know fast, but for sure whether they really have coronavirus or not. boman gets tested once every 2 weeks enough to feel safe. he says. but it's clear any hopes testing could be rolled out on a broader scale. we'll have to wait for many, that means a test of patience instead. now there are 3 key types of tests being carried out on citizens around the world at the moment. the 1st tests for a past infection is called an antibody test or a serological test. a blood sample is needed for this test. it's then analyzed on the existence of antibodies. these are produced by our bodies when they face an

infection and can be detected once it's over. the other 2 tests look out for an ongoing infection with sars cough to the 1st of these is the antigen test. it needs a sample of saliva or throat tissue which can then be analyzed for the proteins that sit on the outside of the corona virus. these tests can give results quickly, but they're not as precise as the p.c.r. test. for the p.c.r. test, you also need saliva or throat tissue. but this time it's tested for the viruses genome which is known as r.n.a. . the p.c.r. test is the most reliable one, but in many cases it needs more time to be analyzed. now i've been speaking to evangelise cops, suffer less from the association. the represents ever 200 accredited laboratories here in germany. i asked him why, when we have these more accurate p.c.r.

tests, we still need another type of test for covered 19 less secure a one year median to do just well, it's a, it's a tradeoff, i guess, between speed and accuracy. we have multiple settings in patient care where we cannot wait 567 or even 24 hours for a test result. so take someone who is needed to a hospital or in an emergency setting, for example, of all in aged care. in an old people's home, someone is slow because it develops a high fever or not. you need responds very, very fast. and in such settings, it may be acceptable to work with a little bit less the curacy and listens to ditty. and that's how these tests have been designed as well. so tests also have a package insert like a drug, like a prescription drug. and it's very clear that these tests have been designed to

detect virus in people who are symptomatic and within a certain time window. and those are all in students where these tests are not extremely good at the moment. in the broadest screening, where people are generally asymptomatic, they look and feel healthy, where they could still be infected. and with these people and especially the road test, do not have a very hard sensitivity and we recommend p.c.r. testing should be done instead. but increasingly seeing mass testing programs being carried out in various parts of the world, is that an effective way of actually defeating coronavirus? is it just telling you where seeds? well, it's a different quality of the program. it's not the continuous permanent screening and track and trace program. we currently do, bro, but it's broader on the country. however, it has its purpose tool. it basically shines a spotlight into a part of the population at a certain point in time and,

and tells us how many infected people might there be. the trouble with that is a little bit dug indigent tests again, used. and if the prevalence in the population of the disease is very low, like we have now seen in all the italy over this past week, and the positive rate there was below one percent. the risk of colds, positive and false negative results is very, very, are. and we also see the problem in the negative result could give some whole certainty because people can, in fact, it all get infected pretty quickly after the head test taken. but with a negative result, they might feel safe and everything's fine and take over doing whatever they like doing, which is not quite the case. so we have to be careful with these results, but it gives us interesting statistics to see how many people might be infected within a certain population group. if you wanted to. what about the virus? because you would have to repeat it every day. and i would have to repeat, well,

the entire population. and of course it's a big enough fake getting those people tested once, isn't it? and the antibody test, such as thing as one is had coronavirus in the past. why is that useful? particularly when we don't know how long or even if that does make you immune well, that's precisely the point is so, and that's also why it's not being applied very much at the moment. so if you know someone has had the infection, a person has tested positive through the p.c.r. test has perhaps even been admitted to hospital. it is interesting to track the antibody developments. there are different types of antibodies which build over time, some very quickly within hours when all immune system runs out to fight in a drug that says something on to develop over time and then stay. and so it's very interesting to measure in concern positive cases. how long the antibodies stay

which type of antibodies build over the period of time. but for the current fighting of the pandemic, this is not heard for mission. we need to know who is infected right now and who has to the other side and put into the anybody test doesn't help us with vangelis cuts off a loss from 11. thank you so much for joining us on the call in 1000 special points . if you and now is the part of the road on where you get to ask the questions to ask science correspondent, that aquariums if you're diagnosed with covered 19 and a recovering at tire. what measures should you take to prevent your family from catching it as well? the last thing you want to do if you catch cove at 19 is give it to your friends or family. unfortunately, that can prove challenging if you live in the same household. on the positive side, the evidence we have so far indicates that after your symptoms appear with every

day that passes, you'll likely growed less infectious though it's still grinding its way through studies at least. currently, we think that maximum infectiousness hits around the 1st day that you show symptoms if not before. so if you tested positive after you developed symptoms and are now convalescing at home and the people around you have tested negative, then the likelihood you'll infect them should as a rule drop by the day. here's what authorities recommend you do 1st, no visitors of course, and both you and caregivers should wear masks and any interactions, even if it's hard. stay as isolated as you possibly can, preferably in your own room with a window that can remain open if temperature is permitted. door closed, try to only eat there as well. a dedicated set of silverware and plates is a good idea. if you have the option in your home of multiple bathrooms and toilets,

then dedicate one to your use limit contact with caregivers, if at all possible, they really shouldn't belong to a high risk group. they'll need to disinfect regularly. leave any dirty laundry or bed linens, unwashed for as long as possible. and finally, don't forget that caregivers will also need to quarantine for as long as health authorities require. even if that means long after your own. proved. and you can submit a question for derek through you tube channel. we have to sort of time to bring you the latest developments in the race to get a coronavirus vaccine ready for distribution. scientists at oxford university working alongside pharmaceuticals, astra zeneca, say trials show that their vaccine candidate is 70 percent effective, but that is thought to rise as high as 90 percent one and a half doses

a given that is lower than the percentage is given by pfizer by on tech, and however, the opposite vaccine is cheaper to produce and it's easier to store for any other developments on the fires to go to our website studio, we dot com slash covers 19 facts for joining us on the call at 19 special takeout.

why are people forced to hide in trucks? the beer on the but there are many answers above and there are many stories

above make up your above so you made 4 minds. this is steve ebenezer, africa on the program today, a warning, so it's a guy and civilians to save themselves. if you know piers military has given leaders in the northern region, up to a 72 hour maysam to surrender, threatening an all out assault if they don't start to, brian's won't catch. so what's likely to happen, come wednesday and the people who remain unaccounted for. we often nationwide police brutality protests in nigeria.