everyone's going to the moon, keith cowing a rocket scientist and the founder of the web site. nasa watch is thanks for joining us. but you're watching the news live from berlin. more news at the top of the hour. in the meantime, there's always our website dot com, or you can also follow us on instagram, on twitter, on public funding. yes. see you soon. take care of the fight against the coronavirus tend to make the rate of infection in developing. what does the latest research say? information and contacts? the coronavirus update on t w is for me, is for beethoven is for beethoven.

beethoven is for beethoven is for everyone to be told in 2020 and 50 then a verse 3 here on d w. many leaders see testing as the way out of this dark and sporadic tunnel of coronavirus lockdown. the thinking being that if you can catch someone before they spread the virus, then you can slow and even stop the pandemic. in austria, the government is planning a mass testing campaign. here a bike courier drops off, tests at apartments in vienna. back in the evenings to collect the samples to be tested. but not every test is created equal. and the timing of tests is also crucial to getting to someone before their infectious can make or break the contact

tracing campaign. a mass testing program in northern italy has identified over 3000 coronavirus cases. and many of those people had no idea that they had covered 19 testing can clearly be a powerful tool for combat in the spread of the virus. but what tests you do and where is key? we report from a hospital in a coronavirus test to make sure this patient's not infected ahead of her operation in a few days. time doesn't hurt exactly, but it's very unpleasant. it feels like the swab is poking around in your brain, but the test is obligatory to protect other patients and staff at hospitals like this one in berlin. but many people in germany would like the chance to be tested more regularly. it would be good if we could use the tests to make things like

travelling easier to be a bit safer. that doesn't look likely any time soon with testing capacity at its limits. the government is trying to ease the pressure on overwork, slaps. even some hospitals are shifting away from the more reliable p.c.r. tests. instead using the faster cheaper antigen test to check best stuff for the virus has the advantage of rapid tests is that we get a result within 30 minutes. it's relatively reliable and a relatively easy testing system. but on the other hand, the disadvantage is that we know the rapid tests are slightly less sensitive to the virus. the p.c.r. test is the gold standard. it's more precise than a rapid test. it's a fine balance between what's reliable and what's practical. but the rapid test come with that challenges too. in germany, they can only be administered by a trained health worker that costs time and money and means people can test

themselves at home. no man understands the dial. emma has hospital staff. of course we would have like to keep using the p.c.r. tests because they're more sensitive. i understand the labs are at their limit and we need the p.c.r. as more urgently for the patients. when they arrive with symptoms, then we have to know fast, but for sure whether they really have coronavirus or not. boman gets tested once every 2 weeks enough to feel safe, he says, but it's clear any hopes testing could be rolled out on a broader scale. we'll have to wait for many. that means a test of patience instead. now there are 3 key types of tests being carried out on citizens around the world at the moment. the 1st tests for a past infection is called an antibody test or a serological test. a blood sample is needed for this test. it's then analyzed on the existence of antibodies. these are produced by our bodies when they face an

infection and can be detected once it's over. the other 2 tests look out for an ongoing infection with sars cover to the 1st of these is the antigen test. it needs a sample of saliva or throat tissue, which can then be analyzed for the proteins that sit on the outside of the corona virus. these tests can give results quickly, but they're not as precise as the p.c.r. test. for the p.c.r. test, you also need saliva or throat tissue, but this time it's tested for the viruses genome, which is known as r.n.a. . the p.c.r. test is the most reliable one, but in many cases, it needs more time to be analyzed. now i've been speaking to evangelise cuts awful us from the association, the represent over 200 accredited laboratories. here in germany, i asked him why,

when we have these more accurate p.c.r. tests, we still need another type of test for covered 19. the less secure it when you mean the entity just well it's a, it's a tradeoff, i guess between speed and accuracy. we have multiple settings in patient care where we cannot wait 567 or even 24 hours for a test result. so take someone who is going to get needed to hospital over in an emergency setting, for example, of all and aged care in an old people's home. someone is slow because he develops a high fever or not. you need a response, a very, very fast. and in such settings, it may be acceptable to work with a little bit less the curacy and less sensitive nitty. and that's how these tests have been designed as well. so tests also have a package insert like a drug, like a prescription drug. and it's very clear that these tests have been designed to

detect virus in people who are symptomatic and within a certain time window. and those who gives you the answer, where these tests are not extremely good at the moment. in broad based screening, where people are generally asymptomatic, they look and feel healthy about where they could still be infected. and with these people and to train and especially the road test, do not have a very hard sensitivity. and we recommend p.c.r. testing should be done. instead for increasingly saying mass testing programs being carried out in various parts of the world. is that an effective way of actually defeating coronavirus? is it just telling you where states? well, it's a different quality of the program, but it's not the continuous permanent screening and track and trace program. we currently do, bro, but it's broader on the country. however, it has its purpose to it basically shines a spotlight into the part of the population at a certain point in time and tells us how many infected people might there be. the

trouble with that is a little bit indigent tests again used. and if the prevalence in the population of the disease is very low, like we have now seen in northern italy over this past week, and the positive rate there was below one percent. the risk of both positive and false negative results is very, very high. and we also see the problem is negative and the result could give some whole certainty because people can in fact, they all get infected pretty quickly after the head test taken. but with a negative result, they might feel safe and everything's fine and take over doing what they are doing, which is not quite the case. so we have to be careful with these results, but it gives us interesting statistics to see how many people might be infected within a certain population group. if you want to do what about the virus, because you would have to repeat it every day. and i would have to repeat, well,

the entire population. and of course, it's a big enough aid getting those people tested once, isn't it? and the antibody test such as it was one is had coronavirus in the past. why is that useful? particularly when we don't know how long or even if that does make you immune well, that's precisely the point. it was so, and that's also why it's not being applied very much in the moment. so if you know someone has had the infection, the person has tested positive through the p.c.r. test has perhaps even been admitted to hospital. it is interesting to track the antibody developments. there are different types of antibodies which build over time, some very quickly within hours where all immune system runs up to a fight in a drug that says something on to develop over time and then state. and so it's very interesting to measure in concern positive cases, how long antibodies stay which type of antibodies billowed

a period of time. but for the current fighting of the pandemic, this is not a very good information. we need to know who is infected right now. and who has to the other side and put into the anybody? test evangelise cuts off a loss from. thank you so much for joining us on the college $1000.00 special security. and now is the part of the road on where you get to ask the questions to ask science correspondent, that aquariums if you're diagnosed with covered 19 and a recovering attire, what measures should you take to prevent your family from catching it as well? the last thing you want to do if you catch cove at 19 is give it to your friends or family. unfortunately, that can prove challenging if you live in the same household. on the positive side, the evidence we have so far indicates that after your symptoms appear with every day that passes,

you're likely grows less infectious though it's still grinding its way through studies at least. currently, we think that maximum infectiousness hits around the 1st day that you show symptoms if not before. so if you tested positive after you developed symptoms and are now convalescing at home and the people around you have tested negative, then the likelihood you'll infect them should as a rule drop by the day. here's what authorities recommend you do 1st, no visitors of course, and both you and caregivers should wear masks and any interactions, even if it's hard. stay as isolated as you possibly can, preferably in your own room with a window that can remain open if temperatures permit it door closed, try to only eat there as well. a dedicated set of silverware and plates is a good idea. if you have the option in your home of multiple bathrooms and toilets,

then dedicate one to your use limit contact with caregivers, if at all possible, they really shouldn't belong to a high risk group. they'll need to disinfect regularly. leave any dirty laundry or bed linens, unwashed for as long as possible. and finally, don't forget that caregivers will also need to quarantine for as long as health authorities require. even if that means long after your own. proved. and you can submit a question for derek through you tube channel. we have just enough time to bring you the latest developments in the race to get a corona virus vaccine ready for distribution. scientists at oxford university working alongside pharmaceuticals, astra zeneca, say trials show that their vaccine candidate is 70 percent effective, but that is thought to rise as high as 90 percent one and a half doses

a given that is lower than the percentage just given by pfizer, by on tech, and however, the ops, a vaccine is cheaper to produce. and it's easier to store on robots for any other developments on the virus to go to our web sites. did we dot com slash coverage 19. thanks for joining us on the college. 19 special. take cash card for kalish. i'm told now germany's have a large cash because of 19 is fundamentally changing match. how was it in other european countries? and what are the consequences of this development card? will cope with 19 cash next, d.w. . because indiana to me,

misery in 2020, new team and devastating damage destroyed the finest cameraman leaver villages. the survivors started creating dollars from damage. clause giving up was never an option. a story of success. eco female. in 60 minutes on t w. from the ghetto to parliament to god knows bobby wanted a pop star rose against a couple of shots by let's return to the shot despite coming from a poor family loves to become president. got

a job and the challenges are gone. does he eat on bob? uecker dn credible story of bob. you want to palm starts december 10th on g.w. . bob. what do you always carry with you? your smartphone keys and some cash or keys, a smartphone and credit card. germans are increasingly split on this one. cash was long came here, but more and more people are switching to credit and debit cards in part due to the coronavirus crisis by car alter contactless. oh yeah. that guy card.

i know i'm someone who prefers cash because it gives me a better idea of how much i'm spending. but because it 19 has changed that now i pay with plastic tops almost itself. you have to ask yourself, why do people want to abolish cash? so some banks have turned their backs on cash completely. they don't have any brick and mortar branches or a.t.m.'s by the cashless payments are on the rocks. but experts warn we're paying with our data. these are google facebook, twitter interfaces, that surveillance capitalism. cash is competing with electronic payment systems. could it get knocked out of the ring? a former head of interpol says it would be risky to abolish cash completely. what happens if russians choose off their system? you know, defenders pushed around by respond as pleased to

cashless payments who's profiting and what price are we paying back for sure. cause it's a life without bills and coins. what might that be like in scandinavia? it's already a reality. i decide to take the ferry, hire a car, and go and find out. it seems safer to me than flying in light of the coronavirus pandemic in denmark, finland, norway, and here in sweden, in particular, cash has practically become a thing of the past. the 1st thing that i do after arriving is go in search of an a.t.m. in sweden, that's not so easy. there are few and far between and then when i go to the newsagents to buy some water and peppermints, i'm told i have to pay by card. if you say,

i'm going to meet till a german who's been living in sweden for many years and who works at the university, he can't quite remember the last time he actually held up a bank note in his hand. social distancing has become a habit for me, but my attempts don't really work here. at the moment, few people in stockholm are wearing face masks. either. we're going to tills, favorite bakery, which has everything apart from a cash till. what shall we buy? i recommend they're good here. what are they and their cinnamon buns made with cardamom mccallum? i can really recommend them, feel ok. you know what? i don't make out of a mobile. lucas puts our pastries in a box, and i get out my card to pay. because he hasn't got a cash till look us is surprised at my surprise. he used to see germany,

yesteryear's, france, and germany still many catch up. but i wonder why? well, good for us. they go used to it. i guess they trust it somehow. and they not everybody house, everyone has a card and debit credit card. when in bakeries typically cannot pay by card, they're just really, i mean for me living your very annoying going back to germany. yeah. ok. i'm now stuck and i have to go on walk around, got about 5 blocks of a good night. you know, you can get your 500 programmers and all the software. it's anything you can have as much money as you like. it's simpler and if you know mr. lucas says that having no cash in the store is much safer for your little get your colon is going to be if you want to steal over the program for the good, no robots, i don't think it's right that you know so, so you go to free up the cash,

i don't need your business funds, at least when it comes to paying people keep their distance. we take our pastries and go on our way to would like to buy some strawberries at the market in germany, paying by cash would be the only option not to run faster. but till does it the swedish way. he just has his mobile phone with him. so he's going to use a payments app called swish. it's a much used swedish mobile payment system. it transfers the payment to the traders, phone number or q.r. code. a pop up graphic of a bursting bubble confirms it's arrived. and then you can id ing what's the bible for? it proves it's not just a photo, but i'm actually sending him the money. i'm impressed but it's not the quickest way

to buy strawberries. it does take time. i just how are the government's side? oh, yes, it does, you know, but i think you and the swedish banks and payment services have almost based out cash completely. most banks don't provide cash anymore. it's too much trouble and paying with smart phone apps is booming, especially among young people here. transferring money from one mobile phone to another is as easy as sending a text message or an e-mail. here, money has become merely digital information. this also means that swedish electronic payment systems can track most people's financial transactions. big brother is watching you. until can keep tabs on his kids spending. behavior of course still doesn't give his 2 children their pocket money, cash. it's all digital the system gives

him a good idea of what his son miles is buying with his allowance of hours can either concerts or i can see every transaction and the stores that he's visited, plus the times of purchase and the sums he spends. and do you see how much money you have? i don't know how, but that does, he can see how much money i have a few kind of sense if you have money left over as it is us, this is yet or so for a child. i know that i have some money left when, but when i buy something for more than 20 krone, i kind of get the feeling that i shouldn't be doing that. it's my society. yes, that's quite good. i saw that you stayed under 20 most of the time in june, but you went shopping pretty regularly. i don't know if you can see that. really every purchase is listed. i'm sure this one tells daughter lu only pays by

card and occasionally uses a mobile app used to so your dad can see what money you're transferring and when you buy a house go now i think he can see where i shop but not what i buy with the bank card after that. and that doesn't bother you. we know this at the moment, but in a couple of years i realize my cash isn't much use here in sweden. i wonder if paul even be able to spend the cronut that i withdrew. but then i come across a little tight eating place in the countryside, where the owner is kind enough to let me play with real money. right out front is sweet in the shape of things to come up future in which cash is a thing of the past and every payment for everything we buy can be traced and tracked. in germany,

things are changing dramatically. since the emergence of the coronavirus, the number of people paying by card has increased by 26 percent. is germany following sweden's lead. i want to ask a modern day, a harvard lecturer and research analyst at the french economist has conducted a study recently on the subject. do we have to say goodbye to cash yet? but what, when the, just since the beginning of the year on his fisheries, since chronic prices came, gushing circulation has the, if you increase because it's once you know that the safe event stalls that you and whoa as i frequented, i guess as a means of payment it has definitely decreased less honest people. but i guess in

december, a further of people used to pick on tech less in germany. and today, i mean, you know, he must know he's 50 percent up and you've got the case. many germans are abandoning cash and switching to hard payments because of the coronavirus. other countries have gone even further. south korea to china, we decided to crawl inside an event destroyed bank notes. and just one more example is the us defendant decided to crown dine bent nuts coming from is to make sure it was safe as it's reasonable. the risk is very low. but every personal view i do, you pay everything by and to see the same. and i mess that i'm putting cash into quarantine,

burning bank notes, going cash free. it all sounds a little crazy to me. is the virus changing our behavior? just to sense the spread of i've gotten used to playing by cards. i used to always have cash on me. during the pandemic, it's recommended we pay by card greater risk of catching cold. and if you use cash . but is that really true? in berlin, i'm going to meet one of germany's top money men. the executive board member of the bundesbank responsible for cash management. i want to ask your highness bama whether bills are coins, can spread covert blankstein, and whether germany is likely to go cash free. and on time soon it was. if you're going to have a policy a few months from many people are afraid that cash could carry the coronavirus and

see it is risky. what do you think is there research on this? i would say that's been sufficiently disproven. if you look at the bank notes like the 5 euro or 10 euro bills here, which are in particularly heavy circulation, and they have a special coating. we know from research that bills and coins don't play any role in the spread of infection of the ornish bank stopped using $500.00 euro bills last year. critics call them impractical. they were also linked to corruption and money laundering. is that the crux of the matter, there's an initiative called better than cash that's calling for cash to be abolished. they say slush funds are a problem. money laundering big sums that declared to the tax authorities or the state i'm stopped by most of course we have to combat

money laundering, tax evasion, and the financing of terrorism. and i think cash has to be monitored as should other payment methods. we have to ensure that, but i don't think that this will vanquish the underground economy and question the shop and your trust as i asked them on a cash has seen its day. he says he doesn't believe that cash is about to be replaced by cards or mobile apps any time soon. it's estimated that the german state loses up to $10000000000.00 euros in tax revenue each year as a result of cash in hand payments. one particular problem, the high cash turnover in the restaurant business senator complained in 2019 that up to 80 percent of revenue in this sector was not declared to the tax authorities. with her organic produce and great location.

doesn't need to resort to low wages, cutthroat prices and cash in hand payments. but she knows these practices aren't uncommon in our trade. as a swap group, it goes like this. i implore you to work on a $400.00 euro a month basis with 0 tax or insurance deductions. in theory, you should work 40 hours a month for 10, your is an hour. but in actual fact, you work 40 hours a week and get paid $400.00 euros a week cash in hand. but you're only registered as having a $400.00 euros. jump with the author of that. so the state loses out. yes, when i buy my french fries at a budget supermarkets, and i don't declare that either. how do you mean? well, i buy them, but i don't submit the receipt as an expense. i throw it away. so the tax office can't estimate what you might have earned. that's right. they don't know what amount of french fries i'm selling. electronic cash tills. mandatory receipts and

other types of monitoring are helping to eliminate such practices. zebul pays their employees more than the minimum wage, and it's all above board. and fewer and fewer of her customers are paying in cash while just a year ago, only one in 10 payments were by card. now it's almost one in 3. she welcomes the development side and cash payments were real boon for us there on tenney disadvantages. we don't have to gather up the cash and take it to the bank every evening. that's become far too dangerous and you can't give anyone the wrong change . we're glad when people pay by card, to be honest, told us in our time of heart of the science, whenever i pay by card, i leave a digital footprint for every beer and back of french fries that i buy. but who's interested in this information and why?

and what repercussions does that have on our everyday lives as university of economics and business is the largest university of its kind in europe. for many years, professors are cash become on has been researching how our financial data trails are observed and analyzed. she says, credit card information and data from electronic payments are feeding an industry of data brokers. could it happen on time, as we know that credit card companies pass on this data in the mean time, they can observe everyone in real time via all the digital media that they use to create large scale profile as to how it's almost become normal to have surgery, 240000 pieces of data on each person. and with this high resolution history, they know what you do, the routes you take, what you guy, what you pay for way you go on vacation,

how much you pay. they know it all human but side. how much alcohol you drink before i wonder how much alcohol you drink? you can calculate those kinds of things to you and so much information to the highest bidder that we've analyzed. for example, how oracle blue collar i has described collecting 30000 user actually beats from 200 data vendors, which would allow them to create the profiles of 700000000. well, that's probably the entire western world, and best in her bed, think of the entire western world. and if we look to see who's providing that data visa master card, or axiom google, facebook, twitter interfaces that surveillance capitalism. surveillance capitalism involves hundreds and thousands of companies with data exchange agreements working together

behind the scenes. as a result, data about our payment behavior is increasingly determining our everyday lives without seeing or comprehending what is going on. we can feel the effects, not just when we are shopping, ordinary people, people who are quite similar to each other might find themselves paying different prices for flights, hotels, all kinds of things. or they might be refused insurance or passed over for a job offer. or they might find all those negative things happening to them and put it down to bad luck or fate. when in reality, it's the result of databases making some sort of prediction about them. and people behind the scenes are earning money to create these profiles of people. it's disgraceful payment technologies are developing rapidly.

while we feel that we are at the cutting edge here in europe, if we pay by smartphone app in china, chinese and u.s. companies are testing smile to pay facial recognition technology. to get into the storage facial scan, let you enter a store and pay for goods a i can recognise the person and their credit rating, but it can do more also detect emotions and social affiliations. it can also tell whether someone is under stress or might be coming down with something. and then miss, i'm late. if i pay with a smile and i start to connect a smile to economic transactions, then this habit will also leave its imprint in my real world. i don't think we really want those kinds of associations to develop a society and social interactions would become subtly commercialized. comments he's speak among would

like cash to be retained and not only for data protection reasons. this told say it's not how it can be rapidly. no town to ask mit systems, it's a matter of security. we need a concrete backup. we still need cash for security reasons. one, as pain becomes increasingly easier, contactless and perhaps more hygenic. we're giving away more and more information about ourselves. i'll probably never know exactly what companies know about me. why are banks interested in what i buy? where and how much? i'm going to visit and $26.00 and up and coming mobile bank to find out the berlin headquartered app. only bank is growing rapidly, but it's already faced a fine for breaching data protection laws. as well as criticism from germany's financial regulators. china's tech giant 10 cent owns

a big stake and 26. i mean in georg how a general manager for germany, austria and switzerland. because i want to ask him whether smiles of pay will be coming to us anytime soon. just to see it from getting south at the moment. i can't really see that smile to pay or other chinese products will take hold in germany. but other innovations will be introduced into the german market. it's quite clear that cashless payments are on the rise and use them for much of the n. 26 prefers to let other banks do things like keep reserves of cash and prefer face to face customer service and maintain brick and mortar branches. the fin tech startup is a digital bank. the company would like us to use our mobile phones to manage our finances. and with us, you can see it right off. how much did you spend on clothes shopping?

how much did you spend on insurance this month or on eating outside? what were your household expenses? do customers feel that their spending behavior is influenced by this? that's a hit. it might be good. when you pay electronically, you can monitor more closely what you've spent. then when you pay by cash, say a month after you've spent 50 euros in a shop and you no longer know what you spent that money on. if you like, if you make an electronic payment, you know exactly what you bought last april. that's not the data protection is important to the e.u. to us a bank shares that concern that we give the customers this data. if you, it's an automated process. that means that none of our employees see this data, it can only be accessed by our customers was moving. you being able to manage your finances better does sound like an advantage. but doesn't

really matter to me what i spend, where last april and i'm still worried about what happens to my data and who has access to it. the berlin company called bought solid d. is taking a different approach. it offers a modern payment system that doesn't leave behind data trails. the name might mean pay by cash, but it's not as old school as it sounds. rather, it's a kind of digital analog hybrid. not everyone who wants to pay by cash is tech averse. and it's also there's a big group of people who want to use cash in a digital context because they don't want to reveal their personal data online. cash has many advantages. it's flexible and anonymous. i don't need to own a car. i don't need to be a customer somewhere. so me

a world without any cash to give that would mean that europe and germany would be dependent on 2 big u.s. credit card companies that control all our payment transactions. do i really want that? so how does parts work? for example, it works by a certain store, so it doesn't matter if i want to pay for an online purchase, or if i want to pay an official bill or receive money for example. or if i want to pay money into my bank account, or get money out of my account, i always receive an encrypted barcode that i use to get money or make a payment. the bar code stipulates how much money is paid in or paid out. it doesn't involve the transfer of any account or credit card data. and a fresh bar code is generated for each transaction. is up awkward, but you just stand this barcode at the cash till. and then the shop assistant will

give you 50 euros for exactly what i was. in this case, it's a withdrawal from my checking account. but it could be a reimbursement for a return pair of shoes that i bought online or a credit for my electricity bill. and i could also use it to make a payment to pay for a parking ticket. for example, you can't tell from the bar code what transaction i've made. the information isn't passed on to 3rd party. and do that by typing in cash is a way of stopping everyone from knowing all our business. even in cash pre-sweetened, there are a few people who want to keep bills and coins beyond eric's song, opposers going completely cash free remained on the former interpol president

is acquainted with the underground economy, cyber attacks and money laundering. and he's still battling for the retention of cash. i believe i'm for cash as an option, not as an opening, which is a major difference. they want to have a monopoly. i want to have a possibility. some people can dean with these martin did a lot system, it's about 1000000 people in my county, and they are looked at as profitable. just leave them. i don't like that up a society. what happens if russians to off the system. we have a new defense. how do you defend yourself if you just have these cards that doesn't function cache support? if it option. and the 3rd one which attracts a lot of young people is what they see in china and some of the nations where you

use these 2. true us citizen, because if your have a system with card, you have a technology of cameras, you have a technology, real artificial intelligence. you are really going to be checked. young people don't like that. eric song also believes that it's important for digital natives to have access to cash. and he's annoyed by the fact that it seems the coronavirus is being used as a pretext for the switch to a cashless society. but there is no proof whatsoever that cash is carrying that type of threat. it's easier for me with people saying we dislike cash because we cause it's a good solid argument. i could respect. but these type of arguments for me is not particularly impressive. eric some tells me that sweden has passed legislation

obliging banks to provide certain cash services from 2021 to struggle between cash or card payments has become fiercer due to cohabit. electronic payments are easy, quick, and feel safe for banks and payment service providers, lucrative. the data broker industry is in turn, making huge revenues and penetrating our minds in ways we barely suspect. for me, cash represents a form of freedom. a freedom i'd like to pass on to my children for their digital future.

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