by water supply, it seems the government's hasty actions could be coming back to haunt it. you're watching news live from berlin up next as our covert special with my colleague from watts. i'll be back with more world news at the top of the hour, from mena call for the entire news team here in berlin. thanks for watching. the fight against the corona virus. 10 damage has the rate of infection been developing? what does the latest research say? information and context, the coronavirus update, nineteen's on t w i don't think that. well, i guess sometimes i am, but i stand up and whip it up and move thinks deep into the german culture of

looking at stereotypes. a question that you think the future of the country that i not needed seem ridiculous drama. there you go. it's all that they know. i'm a joke. join me to meet the gentleman from d.w. post. while parts of the medical community are on the hunt for a vaccine against the corona virus, others are on the hunt for its origin. well, the 1st confirmed case was in china. the exact steps of the virus is very progression still unknown. the current working theory is that the virus originated in rouhani, but there's still more to learn sequencing the viruses genome is key for the ongoing medical forensic investigation. and scientists hope by pinpointing where

the virus came from and how it jumped to humans. they'll be able to develop the tools to fight the future evolution of coffee at 19 it's a bit like a medical detective story following the clues should eventually lead us to think origin of the corona virus that has brought us a year. the world will never forget, but to get the beginning, i have to work backwards. autumn has brought 2 things with it this year in europe, falling temperatures and skyrocketing rates of corona, virus infections, cold weather, forced people inside after socializing outdoors during the summer, with many tired of adhering to strict covert 1000 precautions. infection rates are rising dramatically in germany. spain has been in a state of emergency sense the end of october on september 28th,

33000000 people had been infected with kovan 1000 around the world. on that same date, we passed the milestone of 1000000 deaths. meanwhile, life in china, where coven, 1000 was 1st detected, is mostly back to normal, with some health restrictions in place. but after strict lockdowns across the country, people here are once again able to go to concerts. new zealand declared itself coronavirus free on june 8th, and has only seen a handful of cases sense even allowing travel and hosting large events again. at this time, there had been nearly 7200000 cases worldwide. europe's 1st taste of the pandemic came in february. italy bore the brunt of coven 1000 then, and was quickly forced into lock downs. deaths and cases piled up in hospitals in the northern part of the country, prompting border closures around the e.u. . on february 21st,

there were only $78205.00 cases around the world. researchers believe the spark that 1st ignited, the coronavirus pandemic took hold in china. medical forensics is a big part of the equation. now. dozens of people connected to a wet market reported flu like symptoms in the early part of last december. the leading theory is that a man originally contract of the virus from a bat the w.h.o. is currently working to trace the viruses path to better understand how the pandemic could continue to spread. how many scientific minds have been putting their efforts into retracing the steps of this corona virus? one of them is dr. peter forced from the university of cambridge. he joins us on the show. i thank you very much for coming along. your research traced the ethics of the corona virus backwards, right? a bit like you might be able to do with a person or a species,

i suppose. but we are able to conclude by doing that. we get the data from the beginning of the 1st song, pulls in december 2019 up to the end of february 2020. and then we construct it. it's like a complex tree. so a combination of trees to find out how the virus had developed. and we identified 3 d. types, which we call a b. and c. . comparing these types with the back coronavirus, we saw that the a type was the most ancient and b. was a bit younger. he was the most recent rise. so we have these 3 phases of the corona virus. where do we find those around the world today, or are they everywhere? well, the a.b.c., types are all represented in china and in east asia. but we see only a type c.,

even penetrating 2 to europe, a straight here and north america. and then later, the b. type takes over, so that happens in march and april. so it has developed by mutation more infectious type, which is then taken over the world in the course of march and april. so we saw that coming up in march in our data. so if we have all 3 of these types in china, as you say, does that mean we can pinpoint china as the origin of this correct virus? i have no reason to doubt that on the basis of our analysis, but the origin of question really breaks down into 3 questions. so the earliest origin would be the jump from between species. so for example, from back to human and we did some calculations to find out when that might have happened. and interestingly,

the common ancestor between the bat that we have and the human coronavirus is on the order of 5 decades. so that might mean that the corona wild has been circulating in some part of mankind. undiscovered for decades,, just like the aids virus was not discovered until the 980 s., even though there were sawmills in the fifty's. now that we know about all the other solution to this conundrum is that we simply don't have the right back yet. and there is some other bat out there which is 99.99 percent similar to us. and we just haven't found it yet. so anyway, the 1st infection from birth to humans could have happened, you know, last year and 50 years ago, we just don't know that yet. the next origin number 2 is when the corona virus started successfully spreading amongst humans. and that we have dated with some

certainty, so we think that was between mid september and early december 200-1000, the 3rd originated hold. if a, sorry, if i didn't interrupt you on that one. so, so that's quite a bit before we have the 1st case towards the end of december, which is in which how does the fact that it was spreading between people before the, for the impact of the sort of working theory that it originated in with let me correct, you slightly there. you said end of december is the 1st case. many scientists make that mistake as well. in fact, the 1st geno was submitted on christmas eve 24th of december. that is correct. but the 1st patients described with the coronavirus symptoms in a medical journal in the last, in fact, fell ill on the 1st of december. so inevitably, that patient must have caught it in november. and as for the origins of

all of the theory that the origins of the infection started in the rue hand fishmarket, i think, is problematic for 2 reasons. first of all, as i said, the most ancient viral subtype is the a type. but what we found is that the dominant type and will have, even in the early phase in the 1st 3 weeks, was the b. type 20 out of 23. patients who have until mid january have the b. type only 3 of the 8. and elsewhere in china, you find more of these 8 types, for example, in, you know, and or in guangdong, in southern china, where indeed you have populations where those who don't. so i think there are better candidates than will who are at the beginning of the epidemic. an awful lot of unknowns. yes. well, the other point which is known is that if you look at the loss of paper from

january, it actually says that the very 1st patient who fell ill on the 1st december had no contact with the fish market. so this looks to me as if the fish market may have been an accelerator, a catalyst, but not necessarily the origin. there are something to foster from the university of cambridge. thanks for bringing us your theory and your reset. my pleasure. now it's the part of the program where you get to ask the questions you've been submitting them through our you tube channel. surf. let's put one of them to ask science correspondent what the different vaccines cost and how does that compare to other health related costs in the pandemic? with reports a couple of days ago that a trial involving a vaccine developed by a team at oxford university and pharma company, astra zeneca had returned safe and effective results. it was the 3rd candidate to

do that in the last few weeks. it's time i think, to start talking about the next big step in overcoming the pandemic, which is the logistics of vaccinating the world. and that's going to be not only a gargantuan feat, it's going to be staggeringly expensive as well. but even so, a lot less expensive than what we're facing now on the health related monetary costs of this pandemic so far have been just immense. one recent study that i read said they could hit 16 trillion dollars in the u.s. alone. and that's assuming, by the way, that source code to is contained by next fall, vaccines will be keyed to that containment and compared to the cost of treatment in an i.c.u. unit or, or expensive high tech therapies like monoclonal antibodies,

they'll be a bargain. the oxford vaccine, which astra zeneca has promised to offer at cost for the duration of the pandemic. and beyond that, for low income countries. and the company says it will be charging only around $3.00 a dose or less for it. since you need 2 of them, that works out to about $6.00 per vaccinate. the other 2 vaccines for the ramping up are, are more expensive, but still come in at under $25.00 a dose. distribution costs will of course, add a lot to the overall total. but effective vaccines are still orders of magnitude cheaper than hospitalizing, possibly. millions more people and continued lockdowns that's a science correspondent derek williams. actually got a question for when. and if it's a you tube and you can submit,

submit one through the t w news, you tube channel, and that's all from us as a day. and for the latest developments on the coronavirus pandemic, you go to our website, do we don't com slash culverts 90. so next time, take care and to stay healthy. see this place for infinity mean business model that companies are sensing, i'm going to rush, being vision fuchsia. my kids with nonsense, intentional in space, science fiction seems made in germany g.w. to the point, strong opinions, clear positions,

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the challenges are going to see the incredible story of bobby one starts december 10th on t.w. . we have a thought of investing in a space ship. you might need one someday because the future of business may well lie. in the vast expanses of the universe, someone who might be able to get you safely out of atmosphere is a long musk, the tesla boss, his company space x. has already successfully delivered astronauts. so the international space station

and getting there isn't even that expensive. at least not compared with the early days of manned space flight masters apollo missions of the 960 s. cost nearly 330000000 euros a shot space. x. round trip cost a mere $43000000.00. the economic boom in space is our topic today. here on made the business magazine on t.w. long before space was recognized as a higher dimension for investors. people saw the universe as a mysterious and often menacing realm. it was the origin of asteroids that frequently blaze across the sky and sometimes even 4 to earth causing huge destruction. now we know that these celesio chunks of rock are incredibly rich in valuable resources that are difficult to mine here on our planet. forward thinking, entrepreneurs are looking beyond earth because a lot of it out there. here's chris carter on mining metals and specks.

on the 15th of april, 2013 and asteroid entered earth's atmosphere over russia. created a fireball brighter than the sun. injured, more than 1000. like these show why asteroids was a great threat to life on earth, but they're also the reason why some see that message called an opportunity to millions of times on personal computers and smart phones. such small and powerful devices contain metals like gold, silver, and platinum. resources are not just the most conductive durable and my lab. all of elements are

hiding. porton for made this in aerospace and naphtha and technology. but the painting them is an ugly process. mining destroys and buyers eco systems displaces communities in creates toxic waste . and there's a tragic irony, you know, he's used to make solar panels hydrogen in wind turbines. so the more the wall goes green, the more toxic mining needs. our planet is not the only source of the special elements . and the key to spearing earth does have a stake in mining. it may lie in the planet's ultimate threat that asteroids this guy certainly is no longer the limit because he's crystal reeky.

he was the co-founder in chief ostrog miner off planetary resources. and the 1st company foreman would be explicit goal of mining asteroids. but he didn't have an asteroid named after him. so i'm very grateful to have $136.00, and the wiki they made my own are some of the celestial bodies close to earth. i'm credible treasure troves. cold. i'm blocking them are very heavy. and over time, they sank into a private school. that's why they're so rain on the earth's crust. but again, because the asteroids don't have much gravity that didn't happen on asteroids, and in some cases, they're 100 times as constant. as a 15, for example, an asteroid. the best close to our planet was this thing needed to have more platinum and it's ever been mined. the earth takes 16 cycle

which wald to be worth $700.00? until now these were just theoretical because space travel was just too expensive. but that's changing a seat on a space, x. walk at least 3 times cheaper than it was a space shuttle. he says, started the new gold rush. it doesn't. and to have larry page, the co-founder of google put his wealth behind planetary resources that you're after and you company joined the race to my nostrils. in 2017, nasa announced he would pay a visit to the site. you're going she's leaving the i can stand. she's the one in leading such a mission. thank you, washington. i'm wrong here. thank you. but although the program is not about the asteroid mining, it could lay the groundwork for a more sustainable future. crazy

as he sounds, mining asteroids might not only be feasible, but also much more sustainable that mining earth is one which is interesting and yes, sign is a researcher who has actually crunched the numbers actually turns out the answers seems to be yes. he estimates that there were fewer necessary to go and bring back one kilogram of plotting. norman would release 150 kilograms of c o 2 into the earth's atmosphere. terrestrial mining generates 40000 kilograms of c, which you so hostile at mining could be hundreds times less polluting. essentially, the main reason is there's almost no other substance you can mine, which generates that much greenhouse gas and outsourcing mining to space could

decrease pollution on earth. but there is an economic problem in terms of that in terms of economics, it's not profitable. the problem, if you mine like 5 times of the platinum you have on earth right now, means that the market prices were in the crash. you can some of the much more progress, which means you are diminishing your profit margin. so you operate in your infrastructure, the loss, and that makes a very unattractive for investors. carbon taxes in new technologies could change this equation. but it would still take several years for space mining to become profitable. investors decided to not wait for long. the world doesn't quite support a business model that takes more than a $100000000.00 and more than 10 years to, to make a return on that investment and maybe a trip. if you just company feel to tweeze enough funds, forcing you to abandon its call of mining asteroids,

just like in california, flash space miners do not realize their dream of out of this war 12 planetary resources didn't succeed in their ultimate goal to mine asteroids. but i think it succeeded in a lot of ways the steps to get there. there wasn't much gold in california after all. yesterday said they're succeeding something else in the rush to get to different period, they created the infrastructure that accelerated the development of the west. today, space miners are doing something similar. we are as a world, a lot closer to using resources from space than we were when the company was founded in 2000, you know, you know how to get a degree but we could make it there. and i think in some ways the

new inventions can make space mining economical just a few decades ago. the very technology you're using to watch these seemed impossible. now we can use satellites to be in the internet everywhere on the planet 101520 years. a lot can happen. one day. mining earth may seem a bit like using candles lit up, you know, most such galactic business prospects will inevitably result in competition between companies and between countries. who do the many treasures floating around in the universe belong to? my colleague noir house has been looking into that question and he's discovered that the matter has been regulated. so it's off. who owns outer

space? you might think it's easy. hop on a rocket landed on some celestial body plant a flag, and it's yours, or rather, the country you work for you think again, when neil armstrong planted a u.s. flag on the moon in 1969, that didn't make it american appropriating land in space is actually banned under international law, under the outer space treaty of 1967, more than 130 countries have signed the document, it says all countries are free to explore space, but not to appropriate it for themselves. outer space basically belongs to us all the treaty bans, weapons of mass destruction from space and says its use shall be the province of all mankind. that seems to rule out commercial ventures up there. but the treaty is not comprehensive and has been overtaken by developments. it was born of the cold

war between the us and the soviet union. nowadays, china, india and the european union are all drooling over the economic opportunity space might represent. for now, there are no traffic regulations. there's no obligation to clear up space junk. there's no international space authority with flight control functions for rockets and satellite launches. each country goes its own way. the odd entrepreneur just ignores the outer space treaty. dennis hope of the united states says he found a loophole. and ownership of the moon he sells plots of land up there. 50000 square meters go for just $39.00 euros 90. you could get a nice certificate staking a claim is another matter. on the internet, you can also buy a house on mars for 890000000 euros. but you can't move in until 2060

real estate, natural resources, tourism business opportunities might soon abound. but what if some aliens turn up and say the entire cosmos is there? well, if there is life out there, you have got to wonder if we should bother getting in touch. the space around our planet is already pretty crowded enough without physics is from another galaxy. not only is there the junk left over by human space missions past, but it also becoming overrun with satellites over the last few decades. that number has skyrocketed, if you'll excuse the pun. and 958, there were 2 satellites in orbit. and the year 2000, there were almost 800, but last year we crossed the 2 and a half 1000 mark. the number has been growing exponentially and it looks set to keep going to why a new

era is dawning as commercial enterprises drive advances in space technology with ambitious projects. even musk of tesla wants to outdo nasa with his space x. company and fly people to no, not the moon, but mars space technology and space flight are essential to modern life as electricity from the grid. we couldn't do without them and their key to new and future technologies spoke in the european union, 10 percent of economic activity already depends on satellite navigation. the e.u. launched its copernicus program in 2014. its satellites observe the earth from

orbit. it's a publicly funded venture. the data, the satellites send home with enable the development of new applications. for example, software to enhance the fuel efficiency of ships. new jobs will be created. satellite data can be used to make marketable products. remote sensing solutions is a company based in munich that specializes in environmental monitoring. it's not exactly a high margin industry, copernicus has boosted revenues here, as its data are freely available to all the company uses them to create valuable information. when the dog in the data are free or cheap, the entire process of generating information is cheaper and people are more willing to buy me a bit. so colorful clients include nature conservation groups such as w,

w, f, and a number of governments. one focus of the company's work is monitoring the impact of land use and climate change on vegetation. satellites can capture images of large swathes of land vegetation in a site. hell can be tracked from season to season. the astronauts say they have a very different relationship to earth once they've been to the eye assess. the view from a satellite is a bit similar. we can see how africa is doing or south america. the view from far away enables us to see connections more clearly and we, by the rich on the copernicus, satellites are big and heavy, they weigh tons, it takes years to build them and each is unique. many components 1st have to be specially developed that makes these satellites expensive, hundreds of millions of euros each

unlike many satellites, they can be as small as a wine bottle. the advent of small satellites marks a new era. there are a lot cheaper, but still provide important services. planet labs is an earth imaging company in san francisco that already uses many satellites to photograph the globe. students throughout europe are learning to build the little devices. one class of small satellite, nano satellites. a team of berlin's technical university devised the project to deploy 4 of them to enable faster transfer of large amounts of data. they were launched 2 years ago.

small satellites have the potential to revolutionize earth monitoring, as well as global telecommunications. to start up, smart small satellite systems does what its name suggests. it's a cube sats can exchange precise information about their orientation so as to point in the desired direction. they cost tens of thousands of euro's a piece in your tooth. it is the miniaturization of electronic components that enable such developments to lytton satellites may be getting smaller, but that doesn't mean their overall performance is a declining. one can deploy a lot of small ones for the price of a big one. the company has launched for its cube sat so far, they're flying in formation to test 3 d. typologies for scientific measurements. to do that, they have to communicate with each other,

negotiate and organize their positioning autonomously. this test is a significant step towards creating intelligent 3 d. satellite configurations. one application could be mapping the ash emitted in a volcanic eruption that would be of great value to commercial aviation. small satellites often put together using standard components. so it's easy to make a lot of them but also to switch out components depending on the intended use. space x. is planning to send 12000 small satellites into orbit as part of its startling project to provide internet to remote locations around the world. big projects like that, spur the automation of satellite manufacturing. it's comparable to what's happened in the auto industry. in this regard, us companies are far ahead of ones in europe. we in europe shouldn't just give up,

but aim to be players in these markets of it's where the future lies. the economic and commercial potential is going to be huge because put into the, i got a sort analysts say the space industry is set for stellar growth. revenues in 2018 amounted to $360000000000.00. some forecasts say they could reach $2.00 trillion dollars in 2040. rocket factory oxburgh wants a piece of the expanding space pie. it's developing a launch of a small satellites, a party to rocket, specifically designed for that purpose. until now, small satellites have to hitch a ride. if there is room. when big launches, such as the area and set off into space, it's not very expensive, but the waiting list can be long.

but in cost launches a big launcher is like a bus. you have to weigh took every on board. a small on tour is like a taxi it to church where you want to go more cheaply and efficiently. that's great for creating a small satellite constellation. about 100 companies are developing many launches. many will probably fall by the wayside. 3 are based in germany. rocket factory aims to offer affordable and flexible satellite launches. 10000000 euros a shot compared to 130000000 for an area on to keep costs down. its launchers will contain many standard components from the auto industry. but it's designing the propulsion systems from scratch and will 3 d. print a lot of the parts big

launches such as arianna, a very complex and post lots of expensive custom components. they take ages to build. by contrast, our f.a.a. aims to develop and deploy its 1st launcher within just 3 years. be financially viable with one launch a month. but we want to see a larger we. the whole thing should be. so industrialised and automated that it's no longer anything special. flying between braman in munich is not a big deal, but it was a century ago. we want to see the same thing with rockets. small satellite launch vehicles are set to make getting into orbit more affordable, potentially opening up the heavens to a whole range of new ventures. the vastness of space presents another problem for any potential business activity there. the logistics of covering huge distances in a practical amount of time. and then there was some sort of system like

teleportation. it works in star trek, but could it work? in reality, my colleague has been investigating long time ago when space ships were made of paper plastic and it snowed, powdered al, and many m. . during the d. materialization process, people and things were magically beamed about in star trek films. how nice would it be if we could be in ourselves around the globe teleportation instead of airplanes and c o 2 emissions? think about how beneficial it would be for the climate along in today's physics. in fact, teleportation is no longer science fiction looking. i'm always surprised about all the weird things that happen for the money where your heart is

a quantum physicist at the austrian academy of sciences. his excursions into space travel are just a hobby work. he explores the weird and wonderful world of teleportation of quantum teleportation to be precise. as a, having watched our trip for instance, people imagine that you somehow beam matter or even energy, because that's how it's done on the show that people disappear in the transporter and then reappear on an alien planet. when the similarity is that the system rebuilds the object identically in another place, or what's more at the exact same time or instantaneously regardless of the distance involved. that's how the quantum world works via quantum entanglement. einstein thought it was pretty spooky transferring information faster than the speed of light. so does this mean travelling not only with 0 emissions, but also with 0 delay?

what happens with quantum teleportation? is that really just that you want him information in this system is transferred to another place onto another identical system. with a matter itself, atoms, or photons, or whatever it's made of does not get transferred so it doesn't disappear. i think what does disappear is the information it gets destroyed. so if 2 quanta are connected this way, they can exchange information without a moment's delay. but not the matter. it really is just the information ok event. couldn't just split myself into quanta and send their information to another entangled quantum cloud. i mean, then it would just need to be reassembled correctly, right?

let's just say that right now, we don't know of anything that would fundamentally speak against it, but it would have to work in a completely different way. but we'll need completely different set ups than what we're creating. now. if i could build a device that could do this and you'd ask me whether i would put myself inside it, i'd say no. so mr spock would probably have to get beamed into glittery shower of aluminum grey, like in the old days. and don't forget the enterprise at least sped through the universe, powered by an anti matter and hydrogen engine with not even a whiff of emissions. by the way, a piece of trivia for you, the words you me up, scotty. whenever said precisely in better form and the static serious, maybe it will work with beam me apart.

and that's all from this edition of made. see you next time until then. good bye. and keep watching the skies

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generation doesn't know how life could be any different. what do they feel? most not you should be like, but in your blood, in your office, to fight for peace, that there is a herd to do everything to achieve it. here they are doing this and for a shared host. russia millennium, in 75 w. . what's the secret behind this classic music, a sound. as soon as you hear beethoven lose your mind, or the story behind the music. for the ages,

greatest up beethoven's 9th symphony for the world starts to simmer down on teen w. w's crime fighters are back africa's most successful radio drama series continues this season. the stories focus on hate speech, cholera, prevention, and sustainable charcoal production. all of a sow's are available online, and of course you can share and discuss on africa's facebook page and other social media platforms for crime fighters to mindanao. it has a virus spread. why do we panic? and when we'll all miss them. just 3 of the topics covered and the weekly radio

show is called spectrum. if you would like and the information on the crown of virus or any other science topic, you should really check out our podcast. you can get it wherever you get your podcast. you can also find us and christine w dot com slash science. this is day that we're news, and these are our top stories. large crowds have lined the streets of one desires to bid farewell to football legend. diego maradona, as his funeral procession passed earlier, tens of thousands of fans filed past his coffin at the presidential palace. donna died wednesday at the age of 60 at home after suffering. a heart attack. federal troops in ethiopia have been told to advance on the capital. mikhail a.