at minus 70 degrees but the british government says its health service is prepared the vaccine which uses novel emma and a technology is still awaiting regulator e approval across the rest of the world e.u. will 30 say it could be authorized within weeks meanwhile to other western drug companies astra zeneca and madonna have also reported trial success for their vaccines and inoculations developed by chinese and russian researches have also shown positive results some of already been approved for emergency use. the u.k. was the 1st country to reach an agreement with bae on tech and pfizer for the supply of vaccines it's already ordered $40000000.00 doses with several 1000000

expected to arrive before the end of the year. or a short while ago i spoke to dr john campbell who's an health analyst in the u.k. he told me the vaccine approval is good news but did express concern that it might lead people to let their guard down. yes i certain i certainly do this news is so good and there's quite a lot of euphoria around and the scientists of police and the politicians are pleased that you are pleased and i'm pleased but this is not going to start affecting herd immunity in significant numbers in the u.k. till march or april and the countries like germany and france where the regulations camillo more slowly than we probably talk about a cool maybe 4 we get significant that was unheard of minutes or until then we're going to need to ventilate our buildings we're going to have the hands face space message needs to get through we need to consider that we're going to victim indeed to keep our immune mean levels good overwinter everything that we're doing now has

to be carried on for so months until we develop a good herd immunity and we're going to need at least 70 percent of people to become immune before we have that kind of level so this is not an overnight fix this is approach sess but this process that started the $800000.00 doses from belgium is going to notice that you appear vaccine and now on the way to the u.k. it's been bunch tested we know that batch is good to go and i suspect people in the u.k. will be being fascinated by it but with it this vaccine on sunday more monday depends when you want to start in the next few days. dr john campbell speaking to us earlier well a sick look now at some other developments in the pandemic russian president vladimir putin has ordered voluntary mass vaccination to start next week russia says it sputnik vaccine is 92 percent effective meanwhile portugal's prime minister has said securing a vaccine for all european countries will be a top priority for chicle takes over the user rotating presidency in january and

germany has reported a record 487 deaths over 24 hours officials have been expecting deaths to trend upward following the steep rise in new infections france says it will make a random border checks now to stop people go in skiing in neighboring countries such as switzerland where ski resorts are expected to be open over the holiday season french ski lifts will be closed over christmas. i up to date with all the pandemic related news the shikha some other stories that are making headlines around the world right now the united nations has reached an agreement with ethiopia to allow aid into government controlled areas of to guy region while the conflict between addis ababa and to get a rebel forces has displaced tens of thousands of people the un have been warning for weeks now about a possible humanitarian catastrophe. a german man is being investigated on

5 counts of murder and 18 counts of attempted murder after driving his car into pedestrians in the city of tear on tuesday residents have been paying their respects at the land marks city gate no motive has yet been established. like milk u.n. secretary general antonio which it is has urged world leaders to make 2021 the year they commit to fighting climate change we did as it said humanity is waging war on nature in a report the un has highlighted 20 twenty's a record breaking weather and fossil fuel extraction. a course in hong kong has sentenced 3 leading pro-democracy activists to jail for their involvement in last year's anti-government protests the longest sentence that of 13 and a half months was handed to joshua wong but he remains defiant vowing to continue

to fight for democracy from prison. headed back to jail after his sentencing on wednesday joshua wang seen here in black pled guilty to charges which included inciting and illegal assembly fellow activists agnes chauhan ivan lamb also received jail terms one has been a prominent figure in hong kong's pro-democracy scene in 2014 he helped spearhead the umbrella movement for months of protests spurred by a government plan to prescreen candidates for local elections one was front and center. everybody here has to stay alert this demonstration has been peaceful and the police haven't bothered us much but now they have brought tear gas and plastic bullets we have to do all we can to protect ourselves. he was arrested at the age of 171 became an international political figure in 2016 he founded

a new political party demo sisto aiming to define hong kong's long term future. one himself was too young to be a candidate though that didn't stop him from trying to run for office. in $29000.00 he was jailed for 2 months but went free in time to join widespread protests over a proposed new extradition law to mainland china this time around the demonstrations were much more violent wong was arrested along with thousands of others. in july 2020 things went from bad to worse for pro-democracy activists china passed a new security law for hong kong that made wang's demos see still party illegal the party disbanded and wang went to trial for his activities in last year's protests undeterred he told the w in a recent interview he would not back down. for some boss their 1st don't be for

some and thinking critically if it is such difficult time and awesome all of us were arrested since last summer and 2000 people were prosecuted is still important for us to stay and fight. after wednesday's sentencing wang renewed his commitment to the cause he released a statement on twitter through his lawyers saying it is not the end of the fight ahead of us is another challenging battleground we are now joining the battle in prison along with many brave protesters less visible yet essential in the fight for democracy and freedom for hong kong. despite his defiance one sentence will likely keep him out of the public eye for some time to come. on a short while ago i spoke to every in who's the general secretary of the so-called league of social democrats and also a veteran activist who himself faces charges relating to the hong kong protests

this is what he had to say about joshua long sentence it is still shocking to hear such a severe sentence centrals that basically over the past year or 2. hong kong judicial system and the courts and directors have the tendency of punishing protestors of political dissidents extreme. centers and so even though that this case be what's. at lest it was certainly tried to face to the upper court expect it's going to be a tough legal battle and unfortunately. they are going to have to spend their foreseeable future in prison. sports news now for you and the son of ferrari greats mikhail schumacher will make his

formula one debut next season mick should offer will race for the u.s. own team has after securing a multi year deal. mick is set to make his formula one debut next season exactly 30 years after his father michael schumacher made his back in 1901 the 21 year old german a product of a racing family security deal with the u.s. own team has it's really been wondering what i've always dreamed about and now it's time comes through some i'm really really happy in just a mostly excluding really nice i'm really looking forward to it and you take your body for the right messages and support mick has shown signs of promise in 2016 he started racing in formula 3 and won the division's european championship 2 years later that success helped make move up to formula to where he is currently leading the championship by 14 points. but formula one is

a whole different ball game a ball game his father michael managed to dominate for many years michael is a legend in the sport with 91 wins in 7 world championships unfortunately the german great has been in a coma since 2013. mick knows he won't be able to escape the comparisons to his father for now he's just happy he can test his wheels on the big stage of formula one. and in football the u.s. women's national team has settled part of a lawsuit against as some ploy or over i'm equal working conditions but the settlement does not include their dispute over on equal pay the u.s. soccer federation has agreed to provide female players with services that are similar to those of the men's team when it comes to flights hotel accommodations and the news the u.s. women filed a gender discrimination lawsuit back in 2019 the same year they want to record

forced the world cup. and the champions league action continues later today and there is one match in particular that is set to make history stephanie will become the 1st woman to referee a man's champions league game when you vent to so host a dynamo down a kiev rather the french referee recently took charge of her 1st europa league game in october she also oversaw the way for a super cup last year and the women's world cup final in 2019. he was alone in captivity for years but now the elephant known as the world's loneliest finally has a new life kahan was transported from a zoo in pakistan to cambodia after animal rights groups and u.s. singer share a launch to campaign to save him miserable conditions like many other travelers for vod had a covert test before his flight no exceptions is now settling in alongside several

other elephants. we're going to. you're watching stick around rob wants is coming up next with your business headlines are going to top the hour. the fight against the coronavirus demick. has the rate of infection been developing what does the latest research say. information and context the coronavirus update. on t.w. . how does a virus spread. through the town. weekly radio. show it's called spectrum if you like and the

information on the ground or any other science topic you should really check out our podcast. your pod cast can also find us and. science. how to be get infected with the coronavirus top anees researchers have used a few pre-computer to simulate highly viral particles move their findings show how far even the smallest droplets can spread and how moch social distancing onto medicine impacts the spread of covert 19. their research suggests that the use of humidifiers may help limit infections indoors during times when regular ventilation isn't possible. until vaccines are widely available dr suggest sticking to the 3

w.'s what's your distance wash your hands and where a mosque. dissimulation makes the invisible threats visible and could help people to evaluate with infection. this is d w s code 900 special i'm kate ferguson thanks for joining me the united kingdom has become the 1st country in the world to approve a coronavirus vaccine developed by germany's biotech and u.s. pharma giant pfizer braces regulatory authorities say the job can be delivered in the coming days the vaccine which has been found to be 95 percent effective in trials uses an r. and a technology to train the body to create antibodies against the disease but until a vaccine is rolled out around the world the usual rules that wash your hands keep

your distance where a mosque remain the only way to guard against the virus here in europe many countries are still struggling to deal with surging infection numbers in spain a nighttime curfew is in place across the country. reporter young philip schultz discovered not everyone is sticking to the rules. every week and moderate police have been knocking on hundreds of doors to shut down illegal parties meetings of up to 6 people who are not related but police have broken up parties of more than 200 who are keen as a business student in madrid he only wants to speak briefly and anonymously and she regularly goes to such parties he himself recently helped organize one. we just rented a place so we could drink and smoke inside just a few visitors even but that didn't last long honestly young people's biggest fear is having to pay

a fine that's why this place is need to be well insulated so the neighbors and the police won't detect anything if you don't know. who are keen and his friends seem unfazed by this that just takes a 3rd of spending out to become infected with the coronavirus at private parties police chief javier hernandez is especially troubled by the new business model being developed here. bars that are actually supposed to be closed certainly do take money in exchange for letting people in there's a clear economic incentive for it apart from that we have discovered private homes that were charging entrance fees right at the front door this isn't just about a few friends meeting up psychiatry's diego figueroa is calling for more empathy with a young people even if you support strictly abiding by the hygiene measures experts are starting to acknowledge the consequences of such drastic restrictions on young people socialites. right now we have finding that young people's mental health

problems have increased dramatically as a result of this spring's lockdown and suicide safe increased by 22 percent so far and attempted suicides have even increased by 35 percent on top of that there's been a major increase in the consumption of alcohol and psychoactive drugs young spaniards are now confronted with new rules all bars in madrid must close at 11 pm and curfew begins at midnight after a year of the pandemic has message that the quality of life of young people all over the world at the same time experts keep emphasizing how dangerous partying can be in the current situation spain's see if your d.m. ologist even directed you with and asked them to refrain from parties at the moment . even so business student doesn't want to be forbidden from partying he says he can decide for himself what risk he's willing to tolerate even if it means partying

in private homes until 6 am for the duration of the curfew. let's bring in professor lydia murawski from the science and engineering faculty at the queensland university of technology in brisbane professor oscar welcome to the show you've been warning about the dangers of airborne transmission of cova 1004 months now how does that make you feel to hear the young man in the report we just saw say he simply doesn't want to be forbidden from partying. something which i come truly understand that at this stage of pandemic someone can say something like this of course that person can individually take up take a risk and say i'm going to be infected it's my business but it's not it's really a super responsibility top consider this if you're an picked it and you are going to go around infecting others who potentially can die because of this it's not just

your personal issue now at the beginning of the pandemic the prevailing advice that's just wash your hands and keep your distance but you are among those early on who recognise that this may not be enough to prevent infection what's the latest research telling us. everybody's asking about their latest research about is this is not about what was just discovered it is something which we knew all i mean sun these poor long time and scenes science one we've been warning that something needs to be done in terms of proper recommendations and proper record nutrition of the risk of transmission and it's not just cold be not just the pandemic but all respect dorie infections transmitted dissuade somehow no one was interested to listen to you during australian or internationally so when this pandemic came we really put all our what to bring this mode of transmission

into ford focus. and we're certainly listening now let's talk specifically about a distance we've been told to stay one and a half to 2 meters away from each other but these small airborne particles they can travel much farther than that they. well of course if you are close to somebody somebody who is infectious and somebody who is a source of this mall particles smaller bigger part that goes of course in the proximity to the person you are likely to incur a lot and particles of all sizes smaller bigger bigger particles will potentially drop on the ground big enough but the smaller one will stay india will linger india like see about smells cigarette smoke smoke of. some snow. particles from cigarette smoke are smaller than the particles we stick barrels but nevertheless develop spark because can stay in the pore long time and travel long

distances so it's not enough to be a way that we don't have from somebody infected it can be. neato those tens of meters or even hundreds of meters away from the that that person were developed latent particles linger in the air and can be inhaled and smells are really a perfect way to explain how this works now people who oppose strict coronavirus measures argue that everything in life involves taking a risk how do you personally weigh up the odds of being infected versus say the need to maintain social contact and a relationship with the outside world. this is true that every of us think involves 3 to 6 but the response in getting infected being in a place where people aren't poked at a very high and i often say for example this kind of priests were related top car travel would you jump into the car if you all had their risk of being in it being

having an accident off if you burst sent you would sink about this twice this can become per top day or east sweets we are taking or not or not taking so way no risk is. a risk which we don't quite understand can't quite quantify your really have to take all possible precautions to avoid taking this risk and i certainly wouldn't jump into that car professor oscar from the university of technology in prison thank you so much for your expertise thank you for having me on the program. time now to answer one of your questions about the current a virus over to our science correspondent derrick williams. what's the expected protection period for a new m r n a vaccine how long does it need to be for herd immunity we don't yet know how long

these new vaccines will protect people who receive them because not enough time has passed since large numbers of people have received them trials have only been going on since the end of july we know that that when you catch other coronaviruses it provokes an immune response that lasts for anything from for months to a year or 2 both but we've never developed vaccines for those corona viruses so we don't really have anything to compare these new vaccines to or or a yardstick for guessing how long they might provide protection add to that the fact that if they do receive emergency use authorizations then it will be the 1st time that m r n a vaccines have ever seen widespread use and it all becomes even more of a guessing game but almost all the experts i read do say they don't expect them to provide lifetime protection the question of how long the period of protection needs

to be to provide herd immunity is trickier because it could easily turn into a moving target the most estimates you read say we should have the situation under control when 60 to 70 percent of the population acquires immunity through through vaccination or sickness if one of more vaccines provoke long lasting immunity to cope at 19 say say 10 years and that would be fantastic basically because it would give us the time we need to vaccinate large chunks of the population and trust that they wouldn't be in danger again for. for a good long while but if that scene provoked immunity is much shorter say just 6 months or a year it makes the logistics of large scale vaccination programs a lot harder because in addition to trying to get everyone their 1st shot we'd have

to also start giving people who've gotten that booster shots in pretty short order so a lot will hinge on the question of how long the various vaccine candidates protect people. and not follow from us for the latest on the pandemic go to g.w. dot com flask over 1000 until next time for me in the team if i can take and. what secrets lie behind things while. discover new adventures in 360 degree. and explore fascinating world heritage sites. t.w. world heritage 368 get the know. every journey begins with the 1st step and every language the 1st word and look beneath the coaxing germinate. why not

come with him. to stuff it's simple minded on your mobile and free. w z learning course because free german made easy. this was. the be. prepared last week. the bag. the bag the goal.

posts. the book long long long long long. long long long long long long. long long. letter in respect. to. coming up on the program. the big 6 needs to 1st. there is on the streets again security forces. also coming out. promises where. all the benefits for. oil well. the song.