off of that high for a challenge and then her to level the score after the break a full strike at shift of john tech played the hero super sobs for 2 goals within minutes to need her so badly into a 31 victory over this city rivals. that say you're up to date this is news and i'm told me a lot of is joining us. the fight against the corona virus pandemic. has the rate of infection in developing what does the latest research say. information and context the coronavirus update 19 special. on t w. from ghetto to parliament. everybody knows probably why. despite coming from

a new family the pop star wants to become president and the challenges are guns this elite. are just. the credible story of bobby white. starts december 10th on g.w. . the coronavirus pandemic is shutting the stores in new york city but the artists are moving in. the back news can seem endless but amidst the depression people are trying to find solace in. god is there not only for us this should people see. a move to see if they can school has set a goal and you can at least they celebrate that space. it. just

it changes your moves. and it also brings foot traffic to the area it helps a rounding stores that are struggling to make rent payments it's a symbiosis of arts and business together they're coping with bad news in a city that desperately needs good news business you go out people see your pocket listen. it's natural if you're still here still fight with. the collaboration of landlords businesses an artist in new york shows how important it is to cling to positive things especially in times of crises. hello and welcome to our club united special here and news i want to get jones good to have you with us how do you feel today well these days it's not easy to find that silver lining on the horizon right especially when you get bombarded with bad news day in day out it's time for the media to do better india

a record number of no coronavirus cases on sunday hundreds of elephants. in recent months being described as nonstop bad news is the world really in such a thoroughly terrible state or country in the region. with of course the current coronavirus pandemic is indeed an extraordinary global crisis. but if you take a longer term view you see there have been many positive trends infant mortality has never been lower. and the number of people killed and natural disasters has been averaging downwards and taught still we often get the impression things are just getting worse and worse myself included even though as a journalist i don't just consume news but also help shape it. why are we more sensitive to bad news doesn't have. something to do with the brain i'm on my way to

see neuroscientist martin. she has researched precisely these questions. at him for my technique on the brain process is negative news faster better and more intensively than positive or neutral news on to us we also remember it better than the best in terms of evolutionary biology and processing negative information better than positive information has been helpful was it because in the age of the saber check tiger and woolly mammoth missing a piece of bad news might well mean that's it for you how. studies have shown that test subjects from different parts of the world became more excited and honored as soon as they were shown bad news regardless of their looking shin and culture. many media outlets use this effect to their advantage negative headlines sell more copies and get more clicks. studies show that the media are publishing more and

more of that news especially online. this isn't about how is it a problem if the media revel in bad news. and ask the universe and foremost it makes us all have negative expectations so we go through life with the worldview in which we assume the world is worse than it really is. to us it's a toss a vicious. was the impact of media reports can be extremely strong take the boston marathon bomb attack and 2013 for example some people who followed the news obsessive for more stressed and frightened than others who had been physically present. so what does this mean as us elsa's 1st of all it makes people less likely to take action you might think the realisation that we all have a worldview that's too negative would actually prompt people to become more active . but many psychological studies have shown that that is precisely not the case

lightest poly what's more it can promote chronic stress i'm wondering if we know that chronic stress can be a factor in many diseases including diabetes cardiovascular diseases have mental illnesses such as depression can be depressed when you doubt it then. the coronavirus pandemic is a good example after months of bad news many people have grown weary of the crisis they feel helpless and wish things would go back to normal. as a journalist i have to consider whether an might be contributing to other people having a misguided view of the world what can the media do better. well that's the big question let's bring in rick hogg the rope founder and c.e.o. of the constructive institute in journalism for tomorrow in denmark good to have you with us how do you cope with all the bad news. i try to

see the world and my news with both sides both looking for the problems but also feel that you are. the problem and the way forward. not everybody is capable of doing it and we certainly learned that bad news sell better than good news it seems in the media then it's all down to profit what course prompted media outlets to take a different approach here. just a standard that is a big misunderstanding the american courts the 50 leads at leats it turns out not to be true if you ask people on the street in berlin or elsewhere in the world do you need more news you need fast the news they will most likely say no i'm drumming it but i need something i need something to trust i do need journalism but i knew it needed journalism that is passionate but also give me a full picture of the world that is what people want they want not more information

but they need an education stories about where we are what we come from but especially moving ahead so the idea that it's only fear that we should took tap into it that we've been doing in the news industry for years with telling people of the shield breaking news here something bad might happen here an appalling screening reship everything is going to help watch here that has been our strategy and it has turned out that people turn their back on us they have overwhelmed and they don't want to pay for it so if we think about it we should know listen to psychologists who say yes fear is very strong and as you said it comes down from the stone age but hope you speak of it that's the reason why people get up and you know we still don't and we've been misled to look into that absolutely well but we still have to obviously it's a journalist's job to report the truth and the truth isn't always beautiful yes and that he a lot of bad things happen in the world so how can you as a responsible journalist strike the right balance reporting the truth but not

adding to people's anxiety. yeah and we should not we should not give people false hope we well our job is not to put a smile on people's faces we have the information to trust business and we should remember that but we should we should see both the problems and then we should take one step further instead of just just looking for another story another problem we can tap people on skilled of is it you also have to watch this this could also be dangerous we should stick to the problem and ask the constructive questions pointing to the future asking now what and how if we have a problem what have other countries done that we can learn from that so i think is the come to say on things it's a perspective office aleutians give people a helping hand and with half a minute to go is there anything positive in this current crisis the pandemic that we as dennis can take away from there's a lot one of them for me and i don't have to spend 2 days going to billin to talk

to you for 5 minutes i could stay here we had learned more and more to do that also in meeting in that in the business world we have learned a lot of things in denmark for instance we should know and but people don't know that less people have died in denmark in 2020 then in the last 10 years every year why because people don't get the flu all right well that's that's in good news indeed only god are all there founder and c.e.o. of the constructive institute journalism for tomorrow thank you so much you're welcome. but time now for your questions over to a science correspondent eric williams. how are we supposed to deal with coronavirus fatigue when restrictions are being reimposed. this isn't a science question it's a personal one but pandemic fatigue is affecting so many people all over the world

but i wanted to spend a couple of minutes sharing my own thoughts on it here in germany where it gets dark and cold in the winter a lot of people are really dreading the next few months even though compared to many other european countries things are gradually going pretty well here so far but it feels like they're balanced on the edge of a knife and it wouldn't take much to tip the scales and slide the country into some some pretty dark territory so for me at least in addition to just being heartily sick of pandemic restrictions there's also an underlying layer of fear that never really goes away and getting through the next few months will be easier if i can lessen that what helps me personally keep my fear somewhat at bay is is this focusing on the science which it is not to say that it provides crystal

clear answers all the time science is messy and what it seems to be saying can often change over time just look at what it now says about mask wearing for example compared to a year ago but the fact that ideas can change based on new have events is not a weakness it's actually science has great strains and look at how far it's brought us less than a year after the 1st reported cases of the sometimes deadly fast spreading disease what we've learned about trees. thing it has steadily lower if they tell of the rates among those who catch it and and there's a good possibility we'll see large scale vaccination against cove at 19 next year that's amazing because it shows we aren't helpless even if we are afraid and exhausted by the whole pandemic thing i at least and now hopeful that if we can only hold out for a few more months things will look different and 2021 in

a nutshell i battle my own pandemic 50 by reminding myself of how far we've already calm and with hope for where i think we're going to be in the not too distant future. i'm at sit stay safe and positive. in. the square just as it seeks. to understand the world better we need to take a closer to. the experience of. tomorrow. helping punkin

brigade visionary and the pragmatist movement members out beaten him on. the departing director of the good to institute. a tireless traveller and dedicated intercultural dialogue. in the final year bidding farewell to a cultural ambassador and aren't $21.00. in 30 minutes on d w. in the far north. it's long. and breathtakingly beautiful. the arctic. to take a journey around the north pole. profiteers and talk with people experiencing

a changing environment. the ice disappears earlier and it keeps retreating our future depends on what happens here. northern watch within the arctic circle storage december 21st t.w. . wherever we go there are always with us microbes are everywhere. on our hands before and after we wash them behind our ears. on our little toes on our teeth and yes inside us to especially deep in our gut. today we'll be talking about our micro biome the countless tiny over nissen's inside our bodies and in our feces it may not be appetizing but it turns out these organisms have an immense influence on our health.

welcome to tomorrow today the science show on g.w. . microbes are believed to colonize the human body millions of years ago it's been a largely home only a symbiosis. the tiny creatures have their habitat and we profit from their activities they keep us healthy. and. there are a huge number of them. it's said that out of human cells put together would take up the space of half a leg the rest is microorganisms that make up our whole microbe by. as a baby is born it encounters a whole lot of bacteria probably for the very 1st time in the birth canal or comes

in contact with virginal and got bacteria from its mother which then colonize the baby. they form a kind of protective shield and lay the groundwork for the development of the baby's own immune system. when we're born our immune system is not yet fully formed and our pastor learned over time to recognize disease cancer pathogens its atoms viruses and bacteria and fight them out there where they got aggro biota plays an important part in this maturation process so that we can eventually recognize pathogens and attack them on . biomedical research or stephanie going out on our borg burn university hospital studies the impact of a mother's microbiota on the immune system of her child. in one investigation she demonstrated that what

a mother each during pregnancy impacts the fetus that is her child before it's born . 'd signals from the mother's micro biota reach the fetus bio the placenta. influence the development of its immune system. 'd 'd and with that it was then there but one should choose one's feet wisely definitely not servicemen's a balanced diet and plenty of her writing think twice before eating that piece of chocolate or candy perhaps you can do. so you normally stop and think about what you want when you eat and how much invasion make and if. a young child's diet also has a big influence on its immune system the researcher is now investigating the development of children's microbiota during the 1st few years of their lives she visits her test subjects to take samples. it was

finn we want to find out how the baby let's micro biome develops right after birth and over the course of the next 2 years we're especially interested in the role of breast milk and. whether it has any long term influence on the child's health and it's susceptibility to certain diseases unfairness that this can this. the mother provides a sample of her milk. marburg swabs the baby's arm to collect bacteria living on the skin. and takes a sample of feces from a diaper so she can identify the gut micro biota. from the planning. the end their own from kin as the child's diet in the 1st few years is crucial that we know that what we eat influences our intestinal flora we now know that we've got flora develops over the 1st 2 or 3 years of life i was we also now know that during

that period we could shape and change that micro biome. that can affect the long term composition of the micro biome and the health of the child because later in a child's life we no longer have the capacity to influence or not. the scientist says breast milk is the best option to feed a baby for the 1st few months but mothers who don't breastfeed their babies should also benefit from her research left us to go home once i know that the 1st invasion back to we need to determine which bacteria are beneficial in early life and then develop ways to work minute. to them to babies the top brass fat as probiotics pour your ticket garbage or it under thought condiment one can also imagine improving formula for bottle feeding and all. of this research still have a long way to go but it's already clear of of the tiny bacteria in and on our bodies play an outsized role in our health from the very start.

and that's a challenge to reset because every human being has their own personal collection of microbes your micro biome is unique to you just like your fingerprint. we are not alone each one of us is home to a vast population of other beings microbes in an imaginable numbers we host more microbes than we have cells 39 trillion at last count. mainly bacteria but also fungal viruses and archaea representing thousands of different species together they sustain a complex ecosystem it's like a jungle in there and each person's jungle is custom made the trick is the mix it has to be just right. within a family member's personal jungles look quite similar because microbes are always zipping back and forth. the variety of species is greatest in the gastro intestinal

tract if everything is ok we get along with our guts micro biota extremely well we need them and they need us some help with digestion others produce vitamins for our benefit. they conspire to neutralize pathogens and keep us healthy. but that's not all they also influence our brain and our mood they are absolutely indispensable we wouldn't be what we are without them in an average sized adult they way into the whole kilograms. one of the studies i'm participating in is micro bio research. scott kelly is an astronaut who has an identical twin brother studies that carried out on him and his brother to see how the micro biome responds to differing outside influences and what could be more

different than living in space so scott flew to the international space station by his twin brother stayed on earth a subsequent comparison of the 2 micro biome this show the ratio of some microbes had shifted slightly but the diversity remained the same but the micro biome is not the only interesting fact here in riyadh from gunnell wanted to know why some pregnancies result in twins. twins are 2 children of the same mother and father who were born and should succession at the end of the same pregnancy. there are 2 kinds of twins categorized by how they are conceived monozygotic. means that one egg is fertilized by one sperm but divides into 2 embryos early on.

while developing in the uterus they share the same placenta. the resulting twins are genetically almost identical they're the same sex and look very very similar. their fingerprints are bit different however. i can have different moles or birth marks on their skin. twins are the result of 2 separate acts maturing at the same time and being fertilized by 2 separate sperm each embryo here has its own placenta. these twins are genetically different and don't have to be the same sex they're just regular siblings who happened to be born about the same time at the end of one pregnancy. one in 40 births fields twins about a 3rd of the twins amano psychotic and 2 thirds of di psychotic fertility treatments make multiple that's more common with assisted reproductive technology

multiple births often result from the transfer of more than one embryo. some cultures used to think twins were frightening or unnatural nazi doctors abused twins for cruel experiments. nowadays prejudices are less widespread if anything twins are considered fascinating let's start playing with each other in the womb and often brain close throughout their lives there's nothing unnatural about 20 even if they are pretty special. incidentally the number of stars that scott kelly could see from the eye assess was smaller than the number of microorganisms in his body. our digestive tracts contain more microbes then there are stars in the milky way. scott kelly spend one here in space his micro biome may have changed slightly because of the diet of freeze dried food consumed by astronauts what we eat directly affects the composition of microorganisms in our

intestine. without body draws from the food is determined by millions of nerve cells in the intestine this so-called brain in the guts can even effect our mood and thinking if the walls of our intestines were smooth on the inside they would have a surface area of just one square meter but millions of finger like projections called vinaya increase the surface area for absorbing nutrients. intestinal flora play a vital role in our digestion then made up of billions of bacteria and fungus that can weigh up to 2 kilograms all together they train our defense systems over 70 percent of the body's immune cells are located in the gut so we need them any deficiency can lead to chronic intestinal disease. if worst comes to worst a stool transplant may be the only remedy it's a procedure that gastroenterologist steffen valve recur performs very rarely it's

not very appetizing and it can be risky for the patient. but it's definitely not one of my favorite procedures it stinks and it's unpleasant as you'll see something i do with only very few patients. a fecal microbiology transplant as it's also called is usually done only when other therapeutic options have failed the procedure itself is straightforward dr vereker takes feces from a healthy donor and say one solution and purees the mixture with a hand blender. now it's ready to be administered. we 1st have to screen our donors very carefully to find out whether they have hepatitis b. c. a or other relevant diseases they need to be ruled out before we can accept any stool and use it for transplantation. the diluted stool preparation

contains a wide range of gut bacteria from a healthy individual they are the key to restoring the patient's intestinal flora. 'd that recur delivers the fecal matter via color not. that part of the procedure is simple and in most cases the patient will be restored to health within days. 'd micro biota transplants are very high success rate with a positive effect in up to 96 percent of patients. and we're talking about people who are suffering from a severe inflammation of the colon and have been through countless treatments with antibiotics. only for to return later. and then suddenly they're healed it's very impressive the. store

transplants are only recommended as a treatment for collide associated with the clostridium difficile e infection although there is some evidence that it can help with other inflammatory conditions. also i see that. there is a risk of transferring diseases so i'd be very reluctant to transplant feces for any old problem it does make sense with this specific disease pseudo membrane as colossus under has a high success rate but for other conditions i would not use it indiscriminately since. gut bacteria are shaking up medical science their role in health and disease is the subject of intense research. and pharma by a start up in zurich switzerland thomas developers and his team are developing an alternative to fecal transplants they use mixtures of intestinal bacteria to produce targeted therapies for a number of different diseases. it's the effect we want to package the kind of

effect seen in fecal transplants into medication to scale it up so it can be manufactured to ensure it's safe the aim is to give each patient the mixture but will help them the most. specific kinds of bacteria are extracted from human feces. this has to be done in an aerobic chamber because most gut bacteria can survive when exposed to oxygen. these microbes can then be cultivated and eventually put together in various combinations to recreate a healthy gut flora. but 1st the various species require a lot of care if they are to flourish. the biggest headache is that the different bacteria need very different nutrients and we've therefore developed a huge range of different growth media in order to cover the disparate needs of the

bacteria and then be able to cultivate them individually. it's cool to hear. the team studies the biochemical roles played by different strains of bacteria in the in testing. they have developed a mixture of nearly a dozen strains that carry out the basic processes of the intestinal ecosystem a kind of minimal intestinal flora. they are also working on targeting specific diseases. first we want to look at chronic inflammatory bowel disease is because they've had the most research and where we've seen the most progress but we're also interested in secondary indications related to cancer but i in recent years we've seen that the gut micro biome has a really big influence on the success of cancer therapies. here get it sounds very promising packing cultured intestinal flora into pills for patients to pop.

even when we have a cut our micro biome plays a role in healing you just watch how well our body fixes itself with the help of microbes in the skin within hours the bleeding stops thanks to play tests and the protein fibrin that seals the wound through classing. then macrophages eliminate dead cells and germs. cells begin to form inside the womb. then finally cells at the edge of the car to form new skin. and. healthy micro biome promotes wound healing and a healthy micro biome develops under the influence of our diet.

it's often said that you are what you eat so a very diet is good for intestinal bacteria because they are themselves diverse in nature and require various nutrients. to keep that in mind when we choose the food we eat many food trends and diet supposedly designed to keep us bitten slim have turned out not to be so great after all that for example was long thought to be unhealthy but is that true. to butter cheese and cream fatty foods are said to make you sick and overweight prompting many people to turn to so-called diet for royalties. but are such fears well founded. back in 1948 researchers in the us set out to tackle the leading cause of death in the country heart attacks they recruited on initial 5000 are all subjects from the town of framingham for. what

would be the longest running multi-generational study in medical history 9 years later the researchers published their 1st results the primary causes of heart attacks were high blood pressure smoking and excess weight. and one major factor behind out weight gain was immediately apparent to the researchers americans eat on healthy food and to much of us. the subsequent war on fat was declared in other countries too west germany was also seeing a growing number of people dying from heart attacks the perils of fast foods was a story quickly picked up by the media on the food industry. the big. dogs. in the us the low fat issue became an affair of state in 1980 a senator george mcgovern launched a program of national diet reform for the 1st time ever the authorities issued guidelines for healthier food habits what to eat and what not to. not

long afterwards the aerobics craze was on least on the world as people went to new extremes to fight the flop. i hope this will help me to get my fat cells under control. but despite all the low fat foods and high intensity workouts the average wage of people in west germany and the united states just kept on rising during the 1970 s. . meanwhile the notion that fat makes you fat became the consensus view with the american heart association awarding a label of approval to low fat products. like dr robert atkins beg to differ he promoted the fatty diet as opposed to one filled with low fat products which were often high in sugar. and it has steak and eggs in lobster and it's so easy to stay on. as the new millennium dawned the benefit of low fat foods came under growing scrutiny. we have

a weight problem i thought i'd try out diet products but they didn't help at school . in 2001 britain's highly respected cochrane institution took a new look at previous studies on low fat diets that research revealed only a minimal benefit in terms of life expectancy. 5 years later the defenders of proof arrived at the study involving almost $50000.00 women showed no noteworthy reduction in heart attacks and strokes among the 50 percent using low fat foods. so after decades of marketing campaigns fashion in general was no longer public enemy number one. the war shifted to one of bad fats versus good fats such as those in vegetable oil. new guidelines in the u.s. not only want consumers about saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. but further

studies have since shown that the cholesterol we get from food has a negligible effect on our blood cholesterol unlike the one our bodies produce. so for decades we've been told to maintain a low fat diet only to be subsequently told that in fact the research i've never found any proof of the benefits. but supermarket shelves are still full of so-called diet products and with even the manufacturers running out of scientific arguments they've resorted to a more lighthearted approach even if still life some substance. that certain foods enjoy a reputation as bringing is of healthy ogg an oil hemp and linseed oil are talented as super fields as are cranberries hazelnuts and pure very similar and. broccoli contains baseman's and minerals and substances that could help control blood sugar levels or even protect against cancer green team is also said to be very beneficial to health but is that really the case.

green tea has a menace of all effect that's true that's because of the active ingredient at the gallo caddick and gallic d.j. c.g. it's a type of character and a natural oxidant the protects organs from damage. in traditional chinese medicine green tea is considered effective in preventing a range of diseases. and the effects of green tea have been scientifically proven. that's true to over the last 10 years basic research into e.g. c.g. has delivered highly promising results. there are hundreds of international studies on green tea and the research continues. but researchers don't always get the funding they need big pharma intends to expect profits when they invest in studies. so can

green to help prevent alzheimer's parkinson's cancer multiple sclerosis and other serious diseases. yes and no there is currently no medicinal product based on green tea that counters those conditions it takes years to translate the results of research into safe medication and a process that also includes clinical tests with actual patients. the biggest challenge is administering e.g. c.g. and sufficiently high doses while ensuring that it reaches those parts of the body where it's needed in the brain for example. drinking rinty you can make sick people healthy. is that really the case well only if you believe reports by individual patients on an approval and their symptoms. sound bring

substantial amounts of green tea. over a long period of time while others took the active ingredient in pill form. but council these effects are not scientifically proven. so the more green tea you drink the better. that's relative. you can drink too much to one and a half leaders a day is considered fine but it needs to be of the caffeine free variety otherwise you might find it hard to falsely. if outlook is read write are going to move a few pages but if you have a science question that's bothering you send it in as a video text ovoid. if we answer it on the show you get a little surprise as a thank you. come on just ask. for more science stories check out our website d.w. dot com slash science or look for us on twitter.

that's all for this edition of tomorrow today thanks for joining us. we'll be back next week and so when a healthy balanced a curious. much

. recchi visionary and the pragmatist klaus need to name on. the departing director of the get to institute. a tireless traveler dedicated to intercultural dialogue. the final year bidding farewell to a cultural ambassador at the march 21. coming up on d w. it looks like

a moment. but it's really the work of. do you want. the 11 year old painter just like the great master himself. and donates the money she raises with her painting to a good cause. with morrie because as. you well know. 30 minutes on t.w. . board. or. imagined how many portions of lunch are thrown out in the morning right now climb a tree and if an awful story. faces my place it went from just one week. how much one can really do. we still have time to where i'm going.

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outstanding shopping and dining offers and try our services. be our guest at frankfurt airport city managed by from. connecticut. this is news and these are our top stories as well as opposition led by self-proclaimed president one quiet 0 is boy causing the country's parliamentary elections on sunday saying the polls would be rigged in favor of president nicolas mother little observers say the boycott will likely consolidate moderates grip on power venezuela remains deep and of political and economic crisis. bangladesh has begun moving thousands of rahane.