northern lights within the arctic circle starts december 21st w. this is state of union line from berlin russia rolls out its sputnik that scene against covert 19th with a mass campaign in moscow 2000000 doses are available for high risk but amid concerns about how fast the vaccine was approved will muscovites be lining up to receive the injection also coming up after 6 years in 6000000000 kilometers a japanese space mission is set to deliver samples from

a distant asteroid they could provide clues to the origin of the solar system and life on our planet. i'm michael ok welcome to the program moscow has launched a large scale vaccination campaign with the russian made sputnik that seen against covert 19 that country says it's produced around 2000000 doses to date and will distribute the vaccine free of charge doctors teachers and social workers are among those 1st in line to receive the jab the rollout is going ahead even though clinical trials have not yet been completed. sergey said enough ski took the leap after seeing friends fall ill with covert 19 a journalist at the w.'s russian service says he did

a lot of research into the vaccine before signing up for trials it's just a little better so i decided for myself that at the very least the vaccine is safe and in the best case it will be effective if they give me the vaccine rather than the placebo. before they vaccinated me they told me it was safe but they gave me a life insurance policy anyway in case of death my relatives will receive the equivalent of around 22000 euros in compensation but in the people in case i become disabled they'll get up to 17000 euros but i doubt that will happen. around $40000.00 people have already taken part in trials 1st but they could be one of the 2 russian vaccines trials for both are ongoing but the vaccines are already registered and being rolled out across russia doctors and teachers are 1st in line to receive the jab which authorities have emphasized will be free and voluntary but

there have already been media reports of people being put under pressure by their employers to sign up was. the union of medical workers is being put under pressure to agree to getting vaccinations but we have also seen mass refusals and even resignations of course that isn't improving our health care system. not all teachers say they are on board with the vaccination scheme i either. warning we're supposed to sign saying we will carry the risk so if i got vaccinated i would be risking my health without any guarantees that the vaccine won't have a negative effect on my body and that's why i would like to have the choice whether i want to get vaccinated or not. and russia isn't just rolling out sputnik b. to its own population it has already delivered samples of the vaccine to serbia hungary and venezuela and it also has production deals with several countries

including india and china experts say the goal is to show that russia has a scientific superpower the vaccination can be compared with the space race the main thing is to stake a claim on being 1st the 1st country who produced a vaccine and the 1st to start vaccinating people we won't find out what effect the vaccine had until a year or 2 from now or which one was the most successful this one the british one or the american one. but sergei said enough skis hoping for more than politics after getting the 1st of 2 jabs he had a fever but quickly felt fine now he's hoping the russian vaccine will keep him safe from the coronavirus along with thousands of others getting the job across the country. earlier i talked to mohammad more near who's a viral infection in vaccine expert at lancaster university in the u.k. i asked him how unusual it is that a vaccine still in phase 3 clinical trials he's being rolled out for mass

vaccination powering a deploy a vaccine at that scale a 100000 or even more than that people who don't have any backed up that i think is their cure dangerous moving forward because that seems to be quite regular testing and that's one of the reason that we will adopt a long time to come up with a vaccine that we can all trust so the vaccine that is not with us you're tested which certainly be. moving forward because it's not just the russia itself that would be setting an example for other countries it's a bit hans the vaccine has a tendency on hold for more efforts to have a high coverage because so many major concern is not just having the vaccine concern it that all we can eat and hope of widely we can deploy it because until we don't immunized 75 percent of the fact of the vaccine would be significantly low which we don't really want to see. that's muhammad near from lancaster university many many thanks dr european ski resorts were linked to the early spread of covert

19 across the continent especially the socialising off the slopes the industry faces a difficult winter as governments introduced tough pandemic measures aimed at the ski sector in austria rules and includes hotels mean most foreign tourists will be unable to travel to ski resorts. many in the austrian province of to roll were hoping the ski slopes would stay open to tourists despite the coronavirus pandemic but even though austria rejected calls from across europe to close its resorts completely the government has not restricted foreign tourists from visiting if you haven't been before the holiday period we will start with a very strict immigration program this means that anyone entering austria will have to spend 10 days in quarantine with the possibility of cutting it short of 5 days by testing negative them on the list of risk areas is austria's biggest neighbor germany this means the ski regions will likely miss out on millions of euros in

tourism revenue it's a grim end to a year that was going well for the industry all things considered. this summer was comparatively good that was also a fair bit of business at that. and that's also why it's all the more incomprehensible that such tough measures are being applied to tourism considering that all summer long there were no there are $50.00 infections in the ski lifts. austria's government says the measures are necessary to prevent returning nationals or tourists from bringing the virus into the country where the rate of infection remains worryingly high it's likely to be a tough season ahead for the region of to roll which usually earns most of its income from holiday makers. we're joined now by d.d.p. reporter david shinnecock who's not only reporter but a ski instructor as well so welcome david all these measures in austria in french

are they necessary in your view are they appropriate and then michael yes i think we have to say they are we know that at the beginning of the pandemic back in january and february ski resorts in particular became known as super spreaders the most famous tasting in austria in school partly as you mentioned earlier because of the party scene associated with skiing but also if you think about the infrastructure skiing involves. things that are quite confined like cable cars and mountain railways which i think have to be considered pretty risky in sums of social distancing i mean you know what would be the alternative really well the swiss as they often do the swiss have decided to go their own way most of their results will be open the authorities are saying that this is primarily aimed at locals something like 2 thirds of all swiss to go skiing and this they cross it is

their national sport so it's really not intended for foreign visitors to come in and anyone who's been skiing in switzerland will know that it's a pretty expensive place to go on holiday so if you know earning your money in swiss francs it's probably. going to be shot anyway the swiss have not had a great track record in terms of the pandemic there's been a lot of criticism of the decision to open the resorts and we'll have to wait and see over the coming days and weeks whether that doesn't lead to a big spike in cases as many believe that it will how does this affect you personally you know i'm a skin start. just in the winter really it's not my main profession i'm dutch of others you know. for me it's part time winter activity winter professor. and for me of course i will miss going on missing my friends all missing my. colleagues i was on the phone to one of my former employers in the

austrian region of the talks a tall. a small family school where i've worked for several seasons over the years and of course for them it's a state saying really. it's the only source of income really it's a very short winter season for them to make money and it's looking as if this year it may not happen although there is a possibility that some resource will be allowed to open a christmas well let's hope for everybody that this is resolved sometime in the very short near term future david shinnecock did have a reporter thanks so much for that. let's take a look now at some of the other stories that are making headlines around the world . at least 18 people have died after a carbon monoxide leak in a coal mine in chile looking southwest china state media report that one person was pulled out alive the stories are investigating the cause of the disaster which

happened as workers were dismantling equipment inside. e.u. chief negotiator michel bungay and his u.k. counterpart say they've been unable to reach agreement on several key issues after a week of intense talks on e. . trade deal british prime minister boris johnson and european commission president ursula funnell line will hold talks by phone later today. a u.s. federal judge has fully restored the obama era immigration program known as dr the program provides work permits to some young undocumented immigrants and shields them from deportation it's the 2nd time a u.s. court has overruled the trump administration's moves to cancel the scheme. now it depends how you bush the 2 spacecraft has successfully released a capsule carrying where asteroid dust and rocks it's expected to land at

a remote base in australia in a matter of hours scientists hope the material will shed light on the origins of life the capsule's round trip journey has taken 6 years. 10 cent is the pace in space fans in tokyo followed the live streamed progress of japan's high of 2 spacecraft as it made its way home after 6 years and 6000000000 kilometers of space travel now back in earth's orbit it successfully dropped off a capsule containing a rare asteroid samples. the capsule will turn into a fireball during entry into earth's atmosphere and is expected to land somewhere in the australian outback but the exact location is difficult to predict. we know very accurately where the higher bruce said to his traveling but we cannot control the winds on earth so we anticipate the capsule will fall somewhere in this

large red oval area on the diagram. japanese and australian space agency officials are waiting on the ground ready for the search and retrieval mission. scientists believe the asteroid fragments collected on the distant asteroid will you go to contain a gannett matter that hasn't changed since the solar system was formed they are hopeful that these rock and soil samples will help shed light on the origins of life but high abuse said to use work is not done yet it is already headed for another far flung asteroid on a new mission that is expected to last a decade. from outer space to the spit of the pitch football's world governing body fifa has approved maternity leave for women players she made the announcement at a virtual news conference female players are entitled to 14 weeks of maternity

leave upon their return clubs are obliged to meet into great the players and provide adequate medical support she's a hopes the changes will offer stability and help boost the band's game. if one is to remember that the players are the protagonists of the game they are the most important part of the game and we have to make sure that we said the stage for them . to shine when it comes to female players. this means. that we should bring. more stability to the courier's. in the german bundesliga her berlin took complete advantage of. who saw their lead disappear due to a red card then her. tossed beyond techs stole the show on your own berlin open the school in the 1st half but a few minutes later when you on were left with only 10 men to defend robert and rich was sent off for this high foot challenge level score after the break and then

polish striker to she shocked beyond tech play the hero other super sub scored 2 goals within minutes to lead her to berlin to a $31.00 victory over their city rivals. that's it you're up to date more world news at the top of the hour up next hour documentary of love sick the marriage market for indian h i v patients i'm michael o'connor in berlin we'll see you in 45 minutes. on the career high and i'm game did you know that 7. 3000000 land animals are killed worldwide this year but it's not just the animals that are all suffering it's the environment if you want to know how a way flicked off the priest and the house has changed us as anything to listen to

our podcast on the flame fans. right now i'd like to bring you a different kind of story in its own way it's just a dramatic as anything i write a good dream that has to do with a new power source this power authority will be out of more than 70 years ago the deadly power of the atomic bomb was reprinted as the peaceful atom nuclear energy was modern we were at the forefront of technology glamorous they were like inside a secret inside this magical world and irresistible to governments to think it was clear to france that it salvation was nuclear nuclear and business. everybody in the electric utility business is suddenly decided wow we need nuclear power too but from the beginning the peaceful atom was don't buy safety concerns. from the

moon basically they've clear that accidents could happen here very serious incident by rising costs it's economically so complex so difficult so tricky it's kind of pulled under by its own dead weight and by protests. that through time leftish the school car about 4 nil in favor of greenpeace because this week and today nuclear power is fighting to survive. just keep trying there is no nuclear renaissance that's a fairy tale abrogated by propaganda come down to love haters and simple to ignore the atom has changed. our world peace isn't still. rule. in the aftermath of world war 2

everyone was talking about the war some and terrifying capabilities of nuclear fission what really changed the climate was the speech given by president eisenhower in december 1953 at the united nations which he called atoms for peace. i make today. i'm more than 25 times as well as the weapon with the atomic age. it began with a lot of gloom and doom and then he circles around in and with this beautiful happy tale of how atomic energy is going to bring blessings and health and prosperity to the world this greatest of destructive forces can be developed into a great movie for the benefit of all vain talk the president's speech was immediately transmitted to 70 or overseas posts by the us press service or that comment is good to start to misinterpret america's proposals atoms for peace

quickly became internationalized the propaganda around atoms for peace included traveling exhibits where people could go and see little nucular artifacts and these exhibits would attract throngs of people around the world the exhibit in west berlin was visited by a quarter of a 1000000 people including thousands from the soviet though. in india prime minister nehru came to view of the exhibit and shared the experience with thousands of his countrymen. of all the countries that were targeted for atoms for peace propaganda none was more important to the american government than japan. on the 1st day of november 19th $55.00 united states battle for peace exhibition opened them to be a part tokyo. united states and exhibits to japan it promoted the work of japanese scientists in atomic energy

worse atoms for peace helped send this message that hey we're the good guys it's what helped to whitewash the bad odor created by hiroshima and nagasaki. the general public was being encouraged to look on the bright side so to speak by demonstrating that. or was this enthusiasm burgeoning all over the world was it propaganda or was a policy the answer is it was both it was at the same time an effort to influence public perceptions to change the way people talked about nucular energy and the other hand it was a serious genuine initiative to spread what they saw as the benefits of atomic power throughout the world the potential of civil nuclear power suddenly was seen as a global beacon of progress every country involved wanted to take part in the development of this this new gleaming future of atomic energy kind of i nuclear power it was

one of the technologies that distinguished you as a high tech country rather than an average one of them to shift or if you were a young scientist or engineer graduating college in the 1950 s. in the united states of america you were in a pretty sweet place. the scientists had stepped forward as the new wizards warlocks the magicians who were going to bring all these wonderful things to the future. they were like inside this magical world you know that the scientists that did study this were really fascinating people and they were part of this very very elite group of special people. the british set up the 1st civil nuclear plant at calder hall in the u.k. appropriate there the such a very important event the queen came to perform the ceremony of a big switch on a definite lead in the 2nd industrial revolution as being taken by. the british

government was triumphant as being the 1st nation to launch a new power program britain saw it self as the pioneer if you can we were the 1st with a nuclear power station and that technology let the world but others weren't far behind france will begin producing nuclear. energy and take its place as one of the great atomic nations alongside the united states the us s. r. and. they're going to tell you when to go came to power after world war 2 so his main concern was to restore francis former glory as a world power. well. you know there have been $945.00 degrees signed an official order to create the atomic energy commission of the meek but francis react is not only for producing electricity the 1st nuclear power site in france was presented as prototype for electricity generation and that

was what all the fanfare was about what you get when you now the public can see what has made france a player of the industrial utilization of the atom. in reality and from the very beginning the reactors were decided to optimize the production of weapons grade plutonium. well the whole wasn't a power reactor its purpose was to produce weapons grade plutonium material to electricity was a useful byproduct and in fact that that was not connected to reactor atoll. governments were not the only ones speaking opposed to the summit message. companies were getting in to general electric was really instrumental in those they did a lot of work laying out a comic book they have a film and it was all done with what i call others with exciting little characters let's start by meeting a leading authority on the subject dr and. the public mood was

galvanized by the new atomic power stations springing up the reactors actually became tourist attractions in and of themselves at my school there was a lookout point where tourists could go and view models of the reactor and see the whole site. but few felt the thrill quite so much as those on the inside. felt proud to wear the bible when i look back i think yeah obviously i think that. we felt we were the forefront of technology. it wasn't only bribe rewarded a country as a whole was raising their head out and saying we can make it. 50 years gone by since then even had a lot of hay and one of my jobs was to test materials for what's the facts and the crime inside they react they were my main structure inside the docks and

everything and test all of the welds looking rather like a super version of a plastic macintoshes and you if you were to design for workers that were guns atomic clock once you're inside them. all it remains is to pump in compressed air so that the way out i can breathe easily. be dressed up like a mitchell in man with a special cry living with a number called supplying a actually about my body so thing and breathing and throat microphones and then climb through every part of the reactor in the boiler as we want to because people from coal plants used to come to us and said oh i see neat clean and isn't it wonderful this claim environment you live in i could cite you to an old cult thought power station with doing exactly what you know i used to come out black. across the atlantic american utility companies with e.q. to invest in atomic energy. it seemed like there was no risk and building

a nuclear power plant because the price was low and the vendors westinghouse and general electric guaranteed that price and then comes the gold rush where everybody in the electric utility business has suddenly decided wow we need nuclear power too . but not everyone shared that enthusiasm. and. there was a plan to build a reactor a kid a good day california protests 1st started from local people who are just concerned about the view but then people will begin to do a certain amount of homework. and they began to get concerned by radioactivity released from the plant in normal operation there was also more particularly the possibility of an accident involving a nuclear plant which might release

a lot more radioactivity the public didn't in fact really know that there all had already been a number of significant industrial accidents in nuclear installations in canada in switzerland in the u.s. and in the u.k. there was a very big fat it would scale i've never told i discovered when i went to patent i was talking to the japanese minister said he said to me how do you. how you getting on with dating with the consulate the 5 and i said traffic shows what 5 we didn't want to bother you minister. but he could pay actually persuaded the local electricity company to abandon the plant and this was the 1st time that a nuclear proposal of this kind had actually failed because of opposition by the public and it was going to be the 1st of many i remember when i 1st went to the states as a minister i was told that they had a policy of 200-200-2000 nuclear power station by the 2000 but the local opposition

was said strong they couldn't build them there were some nuclear scientists and engineers who helped this opposition we had to marvelous journo lek trick engineers who quit and became whistleblowers i testified on the nics quality assurance program that the quality assurance on a toaster was greater than that for the instruments to control the nuclear power plant on the other hand there was inadvertent support the very pro-nuclear director of the oak ridge national lab weinberg oh he's harbored concerns he thought that there should be one nuclear plant here and one nuclear plant there that it would be better if we had 6 in one nuclear reservation so that you could use what he called the small number of very competent scientists and engineers to manage it.

just as the opposition was growing stronger globalism suddenly made nuclear power look a little appealing. in $1703.00 the big middle east producers cut off oil shipments to major consuming countries on the embargo was lifted the price of foreign oil had jumped from $3.00 to $12.00 of our times higher than the full. this nation thank you navy and i have all the energy we need now don't write an editorial on this you're really going to catch it . because it scares you know i think the bomb i think is a possibility that one is going to blow up my house and san clemente is just 12 miles from the southern california edison nuclear power plant it's safe it produces good power it's clean coal and the united states which 1st the sacred. is behind where it ought to be and they develop a nuclear power nixon proposed

a huge expansion of nuclear power in the name of getting america out from under the boot of opec but even with nixon suppose there was one pressing problem the cost of every reactor. and the nuclear power plant surrounding it those costs were doubling every 2 years doubled and then it doubled again. let me through because when the price of oil quadrupled it was quite a shock look at their cost 68 percent of an atrocity came from all the good that you behold we had i think the money oil crisis began it became clear to france that it salvation was nuclear didn't nuclear. need why nuclear power. tricity. the only area where you could easily replace oil loss and lectures it is because in 1973 we already have of us generation of nuclear reactors and act only

clear spurred on by the oil crisis the french government moved quickly to build more nuclear power plants it didn't have to worry about coming to opinion. you could did you when it comes to decisions and it's just a small group of people making them from the media from the atomic energy commission officials basically top administrators of the state representing the people that you play for all of it all ransom you have the authorization to build a nuclear plant and that was it in the us things were a little more complicated. than in the u.s. it was very fragmented around 2800 different electricity comes and if you don't they kept changing the designs in an elite competitive frenzy to try and get ahead of the other guy and that meant that the construction times for nuclear plants just ballroom. dance and i way to do business feel the business.

france's ambitious nuclear program was becoming the largest in the world the united states could only look on and one down. during the time that france are built $58.00 reactors the americans cancelled $200.00. i was the difference in value felt. meanwhile france's next door neighbor had other nuclear issues to contend with. in the 1970 south west germany saw the growth of of one of the largest movements against nuclear energy and western europe possibly the well you know this or this about all of us this month people were concerned because they started hearing that in the areas around reactors rise from there were unexplained illnesses or environmental changes or. concords for.

now almost indoors and you have to remember that germany had a past marked by war and it was heart of the cold war in which nuclear weapons played an important role. and if so there was a lot of insecurity and this was intense why atomic energy and he would just i told minogue for they are. the real point of origin protests in a very small south german village video when you power station was supposed to be built . with the little. green local citizens initiatives tried to stop it for here in the us the only option they had was to occupy the building sites where the ball plots after. they marked the site they brought in tens of thousands of people too many really for the police they handle and set up a camp. with a lot of guitar singing in public classes and free love and all that sort of thing

. oh yeah yeah yeah the. video got winemakers from the kaiser student as journalists and experts all talking to one another expedia discounter expertise is the foundation of the german anti-nuclear movement and it started here on suzy finn of. the deals peaceful teachings gave way to much ugly sayings. wherever there were plans to build a reactor there were huge protests and they often next to clashes with the police involved door for blocked off in 190-115-0000 people gathered for an illegal demonstration in february in the freezing cold. you know start from the. state reacted completely disproportionately see how used tear gas they sent

hundreds of policemen by helicopter mantra who went through the crowd beating people to conduct where we were firing friends sgt we still want to allow them to sign to cut in demonstrations with a bit of food are forbidden to demand the protesters on both sides of the atlantic had been sounding the alarm about the prospect of an accident at a nuclear plant the industry dismissed steffy it's until early one morning in much 1979. came in to work. the commissioner when running by me john heard the supervisor occurs it sure gives discover that we've got a prone harrisburg pennsylvania accident at a nuclear power plant a spokesman said that a feed water broke down this morning automatically shutting down the 3 mile nuclear power plant. people think that emergency reserves. when you're only going to an operating room you know in fact everything going to slow down cause you tremendous

uncertainty to go before it gets. the information was contradictory meters are really very high radiation experts who say these meters must be runed overwhelming feeling is the forward moving from we know information forward it was very much unexpected. whose it was feeling as this was worse than anything route one could have imagined have been some near serious accidents but not one like 3 mile island and when that happened i think the whole the whole framework fell apart it could no longer climb that nuclear plants war sorry. that was a very defining moment. even though he said. we're. not.

going face to this so activists are nothing new for them to deal with in the eighty's we had this sort of. is this inevitable march towards a nuclear future and at the same time we were looking at a situation where there was this wheezing puffing. wind scowled and which was pumping out 2000000 gallons of contaminated material into the r.c. every day i mean no things just a joke or a reading was and we had to address it in some way at 1st light green peas were already up and about. the plan was simple to block one of the discharge pipe with stoppers like that's what. confidential briefing with depression a c. you know we're going to bang the pipe we have bunks ready we'll go and stop

the discharges and somehow that got leaked and been a fellow then you that we were going to do it right at this moment should have been to the punch they've obviously. known precisely what we've been going through for the last week or so i worked very heavily on this. and it's impossible for us with the 2 we've got at the moment to block. it was a balancing act all of us to try to deal with them sensibly but in the end to use the law if necessary to stop and things which i felt the dangerous and i needed to be told they were not to be on the law any more than way and so i was a bad times. advocates of the feeler power and opponents of nuclear power just didn't speak the same language it wasn't that one of them had a monopoly of facts is that the interpreted the evidence differently they saw their range of concerns differently b.n.f.l. had decided that they would no longer use the name windscale for the facility they

would call it so a field which is the name of the little village were it originally been built ironically of soon after the name change was announced b.n.f.l. was accused of having radioactivity on the shoreline and leaks in at least 2 of their facilities i was tempted to go and tackle the safety issue and then i was told no be positive about the good things which nuclear will bring. and that was the start of the idea that this dissenter was somehow isn't one of our names formals. they are the sock of pot i got it buster the 2 i glowed. ostrich i'm sure generational like christian that i was 1st. off limiting messages through which we could then build on it must be safe mustn't do it because they've invited us to go up go around and they are trying to

be up there on this because they're asking us to go with a. new created previously been really in secrecy the industry had acquired a reputation for just not telling anybody anything and a result no one really trusts them so they went for a kind of kind of glasnost openness policy. and then just as the china fence it seemed to be working and listen viewers of moscow television were watching the 9 pm news closely on monday april 28th they would have missed the brief and buried report of the biggest nuclear accident in history that accident that had occurred at least 2 days earlier at church noble in the ukraine chernobyl definitively ended the industry's line that there could never be an explosion that a reactor could never blow up like a bomb effectively that's what happened it blew up.

their grammatical kind of course did create widespread detrimental nuclear. there was a very concerted effort by all the western governments to distance themselves as fast as they could and blame it all on russian technology it can be stated categorically that an accident similar to that one could not happen in a british nuclear prostration. the reactor of the chernobyl design simply wouldn't have been allowed to operate in britain in the days following the disaster a plume of ready elective fallout drifted west would have a year to the alarm of those in its path a further $200.00 after chernobyl there was an ass mysterious in germany and italy . and i know human organ can sense the danger to not only these machines detected radioactivity. i was standing on the school playground with my

geography teacher at the time who had got himself a geiger counter out of the pharmacy to check whether there was any high radioactivity level of course was useless because we didn't know what the normal level of what's in the momentum war is from the moment the people were told don't eat a game meat don't eat mushrooms on the pizza from that moment on they accept. among the german population was completely gone that autumn before ago frederick to him. my face just completely normal and quiet and then chernobyl happens and it hits us like a bomb slicked ivy and a bomb hits us personally and president here for me for me it was a road to damascus moment music my eyes were suddenly opened for what it all meant to be boarded in and not should have 1st we called ourselves parents against nuclear power but then we thought you know that's not really

a good name we don't want to be against something we want to be for something and that's why we changed our name to parents for a nuclear free future when. together with other families and michelle slugged it was so determined to meet their village of nuclear power that they made in or day should speak to take control of the local energy grid by the could they think you're 1st there you can probably imagine that when a citizens initiative says we're building our own energy company to supply the citizens of our town with electricity at 1st everyone says 60 how is that supposed to work peter i asked my gabby so it just went and of course the energy provider said this definitely will work they'll never succeed shaphan the dock neat. but against all odds the initiative did succeed creating a citizen energy co-operative we have now and it was your we have a vision of an energy supply without nuclear power the energy provider was encouraged to do that over in britain the energy market was changing all over the

country ordinary electricity users would be preparing pretty well the regional electricity companies share rapper's. stake should not everyone supported the conservative governments privatization plans the postponement by 6 months of the privatisation of the electricity industry is only 6 months and still going to happen is it really that significant i think it's significant because what it indicates is that the plans are a complete mess and most people already realise that their bills have gone up in order to pave the way for privatization they've got huge problems because they want to sell the nuclear industry which is going to be very difficult to sell. the cost of ultimately decommissioning the state return the site to ensure completely usable status had been underestimated the costs of future dealing with the spent fuel have been underestimated i think it's very unwise to embark on

a new program when we don't even know how to deal with the what's left over the legacy of the old one where you realise the nuclear industry just could not be privatized quite early on told the government we can't do it and the government said rubbish go away and think of a way that we can do it so we went away we're trying this we're trying that but in the end we said look we just really can't do it and so the government in the end said ok you can't do it therefore we will pull it and it was quite a momentous occasion the government did manage to sell off its power stations in the new private nuclear company also ran into. yes the company went into steady financial decline broke from about the year 2000 to my 2002 it was in effect bankrupt it had to be rescued by the government with 340000000 pounds

initially and eventually it went up to over 600000000 to keep the company alive nucleus suddenly looked like a just just a dead end area to work in and these often very very well qualified very smart people felt that they you know they've made a terrible career choice in their life and in a sense been wasted they got him had never looked so vulnerable i know we moved in in germany if the visa movement and the ecological movement discovered the parliament's as a platform to win the green party formed the government with the center left social democrats in 1998 it looked like time was up for new clear power and the year 2000 the red green government decided to phase out nuclear power when i. restarted a process of negotiation with the companies about the maximum lifespan of each plant which until then had been unlimited. against one they wanted to limit them to enable a phased shutdown for. and that meant that once all the existing reactors that had

started operating in the seventy's and eighty's reached the end of their lifespan nuclear phase out in germany would happen automatically. or receive crowd support from the me jad from the general public isn't just that. was yesterday's news it needed to recapture the excitement of the. then take the chance of a comeback. the very 1st time i heard the term global warming was from a nuclear power industry executive in 1981 when i said what is that and he explained work of warming was he says that's why we can't rely on coal he says just once i'd like to pick up the phone and say atomic industrial forum coal kills. n.a.c. is a story that is still being going to continue rising with less c o 2. by the 2000 people had become to realize that global warming was

a severe problem and people even when fire even leading environmentalists began to say well maybe we'd better rethink nuclear power the threat of climate change prompted us to to ask the question if we wanted to build nuclear plants in the united states by the year 2010 what would it take so we started to ask that question could the party vary but also there were policy makers senator pete domenici was a leading voice in the congress on this i think we all know. that the world must have nuclear power as soon as possible it is time for this country to start building nuclear power plants again. we are announcing roughly $8000000000.00 in loan guarantees to break ground on the 1st new nuclear plant in our conference in 3 decades the 1st report card.

the u.s. nuclear industry was brimming over with renewed confidence as 13 companies applied to build 25 new reactors and the mood was changing in the u.k. to by 2025 if current policy is unchanged there will be a dramatic gap. on our targets to reduce c o 2 emissions these facts puts the replacement of nuclear power stations back on the agenda with a vengeance i suppose we shouldn't be surprised that the politicians say one thing in opposition not mean government but that's what happens i'm not certain what. was often reported to tony blair wanted to leave a strong legacy and not part of his legacy most perhaps launching a nuclear power program that would solve the problem of global warming. insulating

a few lofts bringing in a few small wind turbines on land doesn't have that same impressive sound too as launching a huge nuclear power program. success is equally enthusiastic in 2008 gordon brown called for aid you new plants to be built across the u.k. and in 2010 david cameron's new coalition government gave those plans the green light. even the germans looks set to give the atom another chance the nuclear industry knew that rethinking her previous position and then when. the c.d.u. and the liberal party the f.t.p. form to government. they actually agreed to go back on the decision and not to face out nuclear energy is going to do you part of the basic idea at the time was to use nuclear power plants for as long as was technically feasible where you don't use them longer tax the resulting additional income and then use this tax to finance

changes to the energy policy landscape in germany or france a financier. in france was hoping to repeat its new to success on the international stage. with stuff as he came to power many of the trips he made a product involved seeking. nuclear deal he signed contracts with china he signed nuclear cooperation agreements with several countries in north africa and the middle east you need to keep in mind that you can't build endless numbers of reactors in france no matter how enthusiastic you get about it the extraordinary thing that happened looking back was that the british energy the british nuclear industry became effectively the french nuclear industry and was taken over by e.d.f. the french government state and then she companies. as the 1st decade of the new century came to a close the nuclear and i saw this was in full swing. but then. you

know i still remember the morning when i woke up and heard it was the earthquake and tsunami in japan and i snoozed i think about friends i have in japan so i went to the office and it was no trying to reach people i know but also watching events on t.v. and then we started no notice that there was a problem that one of our players in the early years the worst radioactivity in the in the planet came from all the weapons testing now it's coming from the accident on the civilian side but i remember it was one senior staff person who was watching the video on television and he was almost in tears and i remember he turned to me and said you know i spent my whole career trying to keep something like this from happening and now i'm watching it happen on television and it was really a very emotional moment. this was

a western designed reactor and this was also japan and this is a country a highly advanced country with excellent engineers and somehow they still have. happened. you could see that the nuclear industry's damage limitation machine moved into action as fate would have it i was actually myself traveling with my wife through japan and for me personally i remember hearing these reassurances from the japanese government and i couldn't help but thinking of the sort of irony of this message that the country that for that had been such a target of this peaceful had a message in the 1950 s. was now itself putting out its own version of reassurance of atomic energy a p.r. . faced with the biggest p.r. headache since 2 noble governments in the nuclear industry closed ranks.

with one notable exception. to me not because she matter because she must things have changed if you get is about the reliability of risk protection and about the reliability of probability analysis. therefore the use of nuclear energy and germany will be brought to an end by 2020 do most of those always with us and that's you have to see it as a final step in a very long goodbye to nuclear power that's been going on since the 1970 s. and it's working but i'm hot. taiwan find a single political party today of whatever color that's prepared to even talk about doing anything with nuclear energy that topic which at this point solar and wind power are growing so fast and the costs are declining so rapidly that nuclear is like this. they can't possibly keep up the only nuclear power plant in

massachusetts will be shutting down by 29 teams citing california's changing energy landscape pacific gas and electric is closing diable canyon the real factor in the united states is just practicalities i mean we have the discovery of natural gas in large quantities and it's much cheaper and it's much easier because nuclear power still has its champions one of the things we want to do a deal way. to make nuclear energy cool again and one of the problems that the people who object to nuclear power really have and can we solve those technical can we make nuclear power that doesn't produce waitstill with us for hundreds of thousands of years can we make nuclear power plants they can melt down and i think the answer those questions is actually yes. i know you can be confident the figure is going to happen this time in the west. i

think the concrete underage going to happen in the far east. some of the oldest player. china. make no mistake about it this is an important day for britain a british plant financed by friends and china. the focus has been on a plant called hinkley point c. and the claim was made by a.t.f. that this would be done absolutely without any public subsidy which turned out of course to be complete nonsense the subsidies got less and less well disguised until they got to the point where they were offering a guaranteed price for the electricity for 35 years at 3 times the going rate in the u.k. this is the pill works it right on the banks it to me some might question the deal made between cameron's government and af who got the milk emraan it could have. if . the chinese intervened and it seems they managed to get mains government to

reconsider things went ahead after all as america. china is becoming a nuclear energy exporting powerhouse the country is building reactors at home and selling its expertise abroad in china to resistance to atomic power is growing amid mounting concerns regarding health and safety and future costs. it's an inherently political to knowledge because of the nature of the the risk from the safety aspect. for decades scientists and politicians for nuclear power as the technology of the future one of which they were best equipped to decide. here if the public would just leave them alone they would control the technology they would fix the problems or the accidents you know if they just let us keep working we're going to take care of all your concerns and all your problems. but when it comes to

the relationship between the atom in us history suggests that in the end it will surely be us we just signed. people who are so in computers for a good world kinds of reasons people were broken. so these guys are very good workers the reasons are. because the word nuclear power plants because it's that's where they're selling it's when you have to decide if you want to buy. it looks like a monet. but it's really the work of. the wind. the 11 year old painting just like the great master himself. and donates the money she raises with her painting to a good cause. with great success as. a

romantic. 30000000 sponte w. w's crime fighters are back at them africa's most successful radio drama series continues all of us odes are available online course you can share and discuss song w. africa's face for feature and other social media platforms crime fighter 2 mean now . what's the secret behind this classic hits. is it the sound. or the story behind the music was passed before the chance to register. a fish i

am glad. beethoven's 9th symphony for the world starts to simmer nights on t.w. . the news live from berlin russia rolls out its sputnik vaccine against teams with a mass campaign in moscow 2000000 doses are available for high risk groups but amid concerns about how fast the vaccine was approved. to receive the injection also coming up after 6 years and 6000000000 kilometers.