that. was 7. in new york you shall both follow the events from the apartment of who ping the eldest of a small group of exiled chinese dissidents. maybe you shall bow very soon understood that this was the start of a great movement towards democracy and so we decided on a joint publication of both open letters and declarations of our points of view and that time things were very different from today and that was the internet most people in china did not even have a telephone them so we had to fax our declarations to beijing and the our friends in beijing took them and posted them all over the city including the university on the famous triangle out of modesty we were told that our text had raised a lot of interest and then the going to occur. there's on the 22nd of april during who yell banks official funeral the students

once more descended on tiananmen square was the party leaders gathered in the great hall of the people started to worry. so i'd use that the chair usually in the meantime loose elbow became a leader in the eyes of chinese intellectuals and he knew that if he didn't soon return to china he would exclude himself since then lose that status was physically weak so you want his political ambitions motivated this decision the ball for this it's unceasing it should tauriel if you all come back maybe that time is the most him on the moment the maybe can change that. so. only him say ok you can buy started your but i think the now. me and the hopi we're both a little bit a watery if we battle china and maybe then just. but. even

though the chinese regime had sharpened their toe on the 27th of april $989.00 tens of thousands of students set out from their campus to march on tandem and square. you shall both literally plunged into the movement which had begun 10 days earlier and continued to grow he spent several days and even nights in tiananmen square at beijing's heart close to the seat of chinese power. the literary critic embraced his role as a political activist aware he was part of a huge historic change but it was a movement initiated and conducted by inexperienced students and the professor felt compelled to offer structure sharp criticism and guidance. was one of the most important advisor to the 1989 student movement and we were

looking for guidance we were looking for teachers and he took the past. gentleman square the students had begun a hunger strike eclipsing the historic visit by soviet leader mikhail gorbachev. the leadership of the chinese communist party was torn between partisans of the strong arm and those who favored negotiation. the decision fell to the aged leader de shelving he declared martial law and mobilized the army. the reformist leader of the party recognize the danger was near he went to the square to plead with the students orders and despite. tia's of the general

secretary of the party the hard line is one the square was to be emptied and violently. you shall both saw that danger was imminent and with 3 others started a hunger strike to demands nonviolence both from the students and also from the army which was already stationed around the city. with them but the whole generation really wanted to show that we were turning our backs on the communist party through the marxist leninist parties in power and especially the chinese communist party and proclaiming their power grows out of the barrel of a gun and that they backed violent struggle the mark of nonviolence was for us a way of expressing a total break from party ideology and switching. jeering

the evening of the 3rd of june 1990 the people's liberation army advanced through the city the massacre began at each pocket of resistance. people in the street were riddled with bullets. after. they were shot down in the universities. tiananmen square in the heart of beijing was the army's final goal it was to be completely empty by morning. the students were divided into 2 camps some sort of peace the more radical members wanted to stay and stare down the army . issues. i asked the students who were on the monument to come

down and i collected a few friends to help me we had to avoid violence and i wanted to talk to the students about avoiding violence thought you know i'll whip crucial also said he tried and you take things and they're. his own responsibility ok he will go you carry a white flag or walk to the soldiers are shooting and you go sure. that's who he is. he believes his own responsibility. on the good day good after we negotiated good beyond the return to the middle of this when to ask the students to draw back. in the end the last scene that i remember just before dawn the students had all gradually left the school and towards the southeast through the opening left by the army.

when the force of june july and tiananmen square was a devastated battlefield i was according to witnesses and even greater calamity was avoided thanks to professor you and his comrades. although it went down in history as the tiananmen square massacre the killing happened all over the city also in neighborhoods where students to rescue. the. shelves rang out for several more days on the streets of beijing families searched for their loved ones today the figures the still impossible to know several hundreds old thousands died.

the next day the 5th of june 1809 tanks patrolled tiananmen square and a lone figure became the symbol of the chinese people's resistance to a dictatorship with blood on its have. led. the regime was searching for leaders of the movement posted one today which says via television. many fled abroad you shall bow i had no intention of following. i was

arrested on june 6th 2 days after the massacre. arrested me as i arrived home on my bicycle. i was halfway there when i saw a mini bus suddenly arriving several men sprang out of a. shallow they ditched my bike. they blindfolded me they gagged to me. then they threw me into their car. do you sit all of that year. while he was in the reeducation camps he had lots of free time that you that you need his 1st experience of prison allowed him time to think about his past experiences and to reflect on the future of china and the sun he also took advantage of that time to read some remarkable works. it's well known that for many political prisoners prison experience is really like

a new university in the sense that was leo shabbos case for you. but his 1st prison sentence also marked a turning point in you shall both personal life while he was still a student he had married. in 1902 the couple had a son aged 6 in 1909. after 6 months in jail his wife filed for divorce. would never again see his son who later left with his mother to live in the united states. yaraka how did you go it was a reasonable choice with a child to be brought up we go hard as for me looking back i said to myself that i wasn't up to the challenge. of the show with your work with my personal choices made things going difficult for them and i still think their forgiveness on.

political. comedian his friends noted the changes in his personnel. retired though they too showed the emotional scars of the 4th of june we all do me included he was full of remorse and seemed haunted by the ghosts of the victims of tenement square whose nandu a number of very low it's a serious the true the good of the cause so for the dead to try to do the historical justice i thought it was best to stay here to keep the ghosts a company. that was the main reason that i stayed in china through true to. the end you shall bow was released from prison in 1991 china was changing around him aging leader dating shopping who had had the students shows that retired after having launched to a full ms with the slogan to get rich is glorious. jenkins them in and

a generation of leaders from shanghai decided that china should shake up the economy major projects rang up everywhere in the country opened up to foreign business. you shall go was no longer the bleeding heart intellectual of the eighty's he had lost his post at the university and he no longer had the right to publish in china. with his friend the poet t.o. he knew he looked for a new role among beijing's intellectuals. his handlers are specialty at that time with new shop board was petitions we love petitions he whined he never stopped writing political petitions which were often more or less about the tiananmen square massacre and at that time there were no computers everything had to be sent by fax you another you meet again all the time so there are often not all that many signatures on the petitions obviously i never knew exactly how many hundreds but many or not there were not enough to stop us

from being systematically arrested the following day though genes are coming you are about to get to other. so you shall both found himself implicated in a host of disputes in the ninety's his activism won him several periods of detention or reeducation. in 1995 he was arrested while preparing a new petition to recognize the tiananmen square massacre another 6 months deprivation of freedom. in 1906 he was sent to reeducation camp for 3 years in the north of china. it was in the canteen of the camp that he married you shot an artist in poet who shared his i.d.l. of freedom. while he was serving his sentence the chinese regime gave him a proposition president clinton was to visit beijing you shall bow and his wife

could leave china immediately with the american president. to chill bottlers 998 we want to see him in president if you actually thought the authorities told him he could leave. or replied well i'm not going to feel if you had sentenced me to 8 or 10 years in prison yeah maybe i would have chosen to leave this case and you know they only gave me 3 years that will be out next year i mean able so i choose to stay knowledgeable. past the you shall bow was released in 1990 later in 2001 the international olympic committee approved beijing spirit to host the 2008 a limp it games past. china was about to belong to the w t o the big cities discovered well for this race for development strengths and getting shelled those convictions. in july 2001 he created the chinese branch

of the most important international association of. right as the pen club which defends freedom of speech all of the world's. at that time life was much better than it had been on the mountain don't you or even during the 80s. but what about social progress the overall system heigho a man's life is not just about money and it. was then a fashionable young intellectual just as you shall board being in the 80s he made the risky decision to join the pen club. you shall bow also hope to make the pen club a platform to help us study and apply democracy to our lives it was over for example our management committee had 11 members and met on the internet once a month to debate many questions during the so we not much is

a. splitting involved with this writer's club them he also wanted to show the new literature resulting from the tiananmen square massacre and he wanted to promote a new group of writers without any chance for truth he saw them in the footsteps of soldier and it's a he one of those ex soviet union writers under the yoke of the communist party who resisted from within the shadows. he thought it was the same thing that you had to keep fighting show the reality soley by the testimony he thought that this witness literature was fundamentally of the other way to go to see young. buescher paid the price for his activism the government agent same plain clothes but not exactly in conspicuous now camped outside his home his telephone was tapped his internet connection was filtered. in his beijing apartment he was now living under house arrest. you know there's your i'm completely controlled my

telephone my computer etc or it is in the. you know how they follow me all the time and they're that good and nowadays it's not like it was in the ninety's in the ninety's when they followed you they hid themselves so that we didn't see them if you turned around suddenly you could catch them trying to hide. but today they do it openly. they want you to know that you are being followed you are the you know sometimes even though they are right beside me you could almost have a conversation with them they are valid. i on the 8th of august 2008 beijing seemed stronger than ever i the city had become the center of the world i majored in the subject to

hold protests the lymphatics would be the crowning glory of the arm i. was. you shall bow took what advantage he could from the olympics to that he met foreign journalists and more and more regularly he organized discreet meetings on the streets of the old city university professors and even officials more or less close to the party could be found that. the usual had a new project based on the model of charter 77 drafted by votes now found that the last president of czechoslovakia. what you had asked all of them result holland or anybody and on the whole i remember that at that time we always met in a restaurant to talk it had to be a friend's restaurant because we couldn't discuss anything on the internet or on

the phone for you so we always invited friends to join us and that restaurant would topple over you if i remember correctly. we must have met a good dozen times to have dinner we invited different people each time one time it would be academics the next it would be writers and then lawyers. they all came to discuss charter 8 with us paul and then on the mike and. 2 weeks of intense and secret debates among the intellectuals they drafted the new challenge to 19 spanning from the independence of justice to freedom of speech and religion. is a professor of economy at beijing university he took part in these intense debates but felt the new shabbos tax wasn't radical enough. personally i'm not so fully agree with his points but at the time i think everybody should have some compromise

and then i agree on that because this version is very peaceful yes no. very strong words but that's no mashonee subversion of the government or anything like that so i don't think the people who signed this would have the very serious resolves. text received $303.00 sigma shiz officials manages of state tend to prizes university heads it was an unexpected success the charter was to be published on the 10th of december 2008 international human rights day but the all surtees coal wind of the plans you shall bow and several other signatories like you were arrested 48 tallis before publication when you couldn't if you wrote an article by your own fireside it didn't worry them. but if several 100 people met together to sign it that terrified them. to get up when with charter 8 you shall

bow showed that he was not just an intellectual dissident he showed that he was also. so capable of organizing a movement and mustering opposition forces and including inside the heart is your system for calm the younger you go joe the opposite. arrested on the 8th of december you shall was arbitrarily detained for several months before his trial in december 2009 before intermediary court number one in beijing. the trial was held on camera. the dissidents friends were kept at a distance by police who had cordoned off the courthouse. and i think it's just 2 days later on the 25th of december 2009 you shall bow was sentenced to 11 years in prison for subversion of state power. the date has not chosen by chance

beijing hopes that on christmas day foreign media and diplomats would be less likely to gather at the tribunals. alone in front of his judges you shall bow read along declaration freedom of expression is not a crime he said. he repeated what he had said in tiananmen square i have no enemies his principle of nonviolence. 2 weeks later in the port of oslo the letter reached the nobel price committee it was signed by the us love harvard it suggested that the nobel prize should be awarded to the imprisoned chinese dissident. intellectuals from all over the world joined in this a pail on the 8th of october 2010 the norwegian nobel committee announced its

choice. you shall bowed. didn't know that he had won the nobel prize he remained in his cell in the north of china while the foreign media crowded around the residence of his wife new show in beijing. many of his friends wrote and new wave of optimism. i think the one party dictatorship would be ended within 10 years i'm very optimistic about the whole thing. was i don't believe this optimism didn't last long. the gates closes yet again in just a few hours you shah was under house arrest heard if you don't look after us or your heart by going any night here on the day of the nobel prize presentation it was midday in beijing to talk you through a chopper lease came knocking at my door for 2 policemen rushed at me and put a black sack over my head so how many you your family tortured me in several ways.

that lasted 8 or 9 hours until dark and i fell into a coma he would do. now they took me to the hospital because i think the higher ups had not given an order to kill me just to make sure i was tortured or not so more used. in this video by the chinese penitentiary administration we can see visiting . that is how she told him about the nobel prize that is how she learned that he was ill gravely ill with liver cancer the propaganda video was supposed to demonstrate that he was being well cared for he was shown being examined by several doctors even while his health deteriorated. faced with international pressure the regime allowed foreign doctors to visit his bedside but it was all a sham and it was too late you shall bow died on the 13th of july 2017 after

9 years of prison. doors. which our eyes are. the international community preferred to keep its eyes closed doors for me toward all the countries are mainly concerned with maintaining good trade relations with china mean to fund the whole world dreamed of one things making money dealing with the chinese market centers there was no interest in democracy or even human rights watch says your entire mandela the whole world mobilized. censored you shall call it was a sordid murder in front of the whole world who says yeah it was a death before the eyes of the entire world and nobody cared right engine so. the chinese regime organized a well orchestrated funeral. the whole of you shall both family was summoned by the authorities. official propaganda tried to control both the image and the legacy of

the nobel prize winner. the regime ordered that his ashes should be scattered at sea shabbos name is censored when internet users began referring to an empty chair the term was also sense that. in 2008 the last time we met him you shall bow knew what lay ahead a few weeks later he would disappear imprisoned until he died he left us these last words to understand his freedom. awards. i think that i made the right choices. of course the consequences are important for me but in any case that's how we live in china there is a price to pay for from jeff if you don't choose my sort of life

a life that most people consider to be too hard and too risky then you won't pay the price that i pay for in the offshore but if you're one who thinks you still have to pay a price a certain price and that gets out of court for example you'll be obliged to lie you have to follow the dominant ideology to obtain and maintain a good income a good job. where implausible then to be concerned about the deaths of the 4th of june impossible to make the slightest criticism of the government impossible in fact to express the tiniest authentic opinion for good and all that for want slavery or that for a materially comfortable life. well i prefer to pay the high price of danger rather than become someone who lives a lie rather than become someone who disowns his own conscience. for for there to beaches and even beyond that is a. cheek

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i was his for the ages reducing. it up. beethoven's 9th symphony for the world starts to simmer down on t w. this is they double the news and they throw out top stories. british and european negotiators have spent another day seeking to secure a post briggs trade deal without any sign of a break for the e.u.'s chief negotiator michel but he is downbeat about the chances of success britain's prime minister barak's johnson is now safe to head to brussels for a last ditch attempt to reach a deal. chancellor angela merkel says germany's.