amazing to see the betsy comments amazing to see this tremendous shot in the arm for the entire nation but we called afford to relax and. the u.k. has ordered enough of the buy on tick tock seem to inoculate $20000000.00 people with millions of rival shots also expected officials say vaccinating the population will take months but they will have to contend with vaccine skepticism risk is what the long term effects. i would take it. because the benefits outweigh the risks seems sensible thing to do and it's the only way we're going to add to the pandemic i would say. shannon's to see. everything you can think of year 2000 facebook health experts are rajin the government to actively tackle misinformation it is extremely important are these people get the vaccine so we need to find a way how to communicate it to them and how to in

a way isolate them from these damaging examples of misinformation that they sing on social media. as margaret keenan returned to her ward she did so to a wall of applause a celebration of humanity's triumph in this bleakest of years. thank you. very consequential day for the u.k. lessa taken out of the dummies shot shell some pill and a landed in charlotte this has been the moment so many people have been waiting for who will get the vaccine this year. well the government here lately has been really keen to stress that this is going to be a marathon and not a sprint people who are you younger less vulnerable shouldn't expect to have this vaccine anytime soon at the moment it's a point of people like margaret keenan as we heard in the report people who are over a c. who are likely who are in hospital who are expected as out patients in hospitals

they'll be coming in to hospital just like the one behind me for that vaccination it will also be open to have homework is n.h.s. frontline staff as well this will be a slow process but like you say it's one that the whole world is watching other countries considering this vaccine want to know how logistically the u.k. is doing and of course how the u.k. plans to win over hearts and minds oh well let's talk about what you just referenced the logistical challenges facing the u.k. public health officers there because the vaccine has to be stored at minus 70 degrees celsius however they overcome that a cold storage challenge. yes there are a number of logistical challenges with this particular vaccine you mentioned one that the temperature would also need to be set up but also transporting it as well

is another challenge that's why these machinations initially in taking place at these hospital hurts because they have the facilities in place but the governor has said that they want to roll them out further ultimately the plan is to have mass vaccination centers for doctors to be able to to do the vaccines as well a lot of our eyes here are on the care home residents of course this is something that other countries as well will be watching to see what the u.k. done because it's not possible at the moment for carry residents just simply to come into these hospitals have them right now the vaccine can't come to them so it is expected in the coming weeks that will be addressed after all they are among the most vulnerable in society to this virus and they have suffered so greatly this year and charlotte there are also some cultural challenges the government will have to deal with according to some polls a 3rd of the population in the u.k. is worried about the safety of the vaccine and say that they're going to take

a wait and see approach when it comes to taking it what is the confidence what is the government planning on doing to change these perceptions. well the u.k. is no different to any other country in the fact that enthusiasm for a vaccine isn't universal for a lot of people they think it's come quite quickly and as you say they want to take a wait and see approach but the the whole basis for this vaccine to do work is that it needs to be based on trust so the government here is planning to launch a p.r. campaign to get people on board with this vaccine a number of the oldest celebrities at this stage a lot of them famous in the u.k. well as well i won't name them then obviously internationally famous but they've signed up to say that they'll be 1st in line for the vaccine to try and boost confidence and then of course one there you famous lady there's a lot of speculation that she might be her vaccination might be publicized and that is the queen and people expect a thing that say once people see that the queen's had a vaccination of course she is very much over 80 over the threshold that

a lot more people will get on board but what is so key to this of the campaign here is not just getting out the message that this vaccine is in place but also deciding who the messages are this isn't something that can just come from government is going to be people who are trusted by the different demographics that are trying to be targeted but along side the push of people to take this vaccine the government's also walking quite a spin line because it really wants to stress that while we might have this vaccine now the fight against 19 is not yet over it's going to be a long time before enough of us a vaccinated for it to make a real difference so while this is a big step towards normality the u.k. isn't there yet show a child some cover porting from a london thank you so very much. and germany is considering tougher a law down measures to curb the number of coronavirus infections here the eastern state of saxony which has especially high case numbers has become the latest state

to voluntarily expand its lockdown closing schools and businesses one of germany's leading health institutes the poll dana says the government should consider you to recall. long down nationwide starting on december 24th this would include a ban on travel or gatherings over christmas and an extension of school holidays until january 10th. as take a look now at some of the other stories making news around the world. police in hong kong have arrested 8 pro-democracy activists including former lawmaker kwok hong the arrest mark a widening of the crackdown on dissent in the semi autonomous region police that the men were suspected of inciting organizing and taking part in an authorized demonstrations in july. the u.k. has agreed to withdraw a draft clauses in gregg's that legislation that would have broken international

law and re nega on his earlier agreement with the european union the move is being hailed as progress by both britain and ireland but on the separate matter of reaching a trade deal there's no sign of progress. let's find out what the state of play is with these talks when i take you now to. brussels borough chief alexander von naaman to find out the latest about the brazen talks alexander my viewers please what these clauses that we just reported on were about and why the european union objected to them in the 1st place. well to understand that we need to step back a little bit last year the european union and the u.k. agreed on the terms of their divorce so to speak on the was a withdrawal agreement and one key point there was to make sure even after breaks the border between the republic of ireland and northern ireland will remain an open border that no good will need to be checked that some of the customs rules

will remain in place but then the u.k. said oh we don't know how it's going to be implemented maybe it's going to hurt us when we don't have a trade agreement with the european union so they went on and those closes on potential terrorists on customs rules customs declarations and state they were mans to enable the government in london to overall disagreement with the european union so of course the european union was infuriated and now the u.k. saying ok we're taking that back and going back to what actually was agreed last year all right so how much of a concession is this by the british government to the e.u. and does this mean a break the deal can still be salvaged. well the honest answer to that is maybe it's definitely a positive sign a gesture of goodwill and it can help. improve the atmosphere in the actual talks between the u.s. the e.u. and u.k.

on their possible trade agreement it can help restore trust but we're hearing from politicians in the european parliament that they are not sure about that damage has been done that they don't know if they can trust the u.k. and their government and of course some voices here are also saying that it could be an excuse for boris johnson to say ok we know showed this gesture of goodwill and if you is not ready to come from a instead we can just walk away so i would say that it can go both ways still can go both ways you know brussels burchett alexander phenomena reporting thank you . a peace deal signed by arminius prime minister has prompted the opposition to call for his resignation many armenians are angry over concessions he made last month to end a 6 week war with us about john over the nagorno-karabakh we should he agree with

cesar munir we're turning a significant part of the disputed territory. on meanwhile thousands of these are now starting to move back to areas that had been under armenian control. or today have been seeing that mario missed points to the place where she once lived she says like them was a beautiful town until 1903 the year i mean ian forces captured it her husband and her brother died in the fighting this is her 1st visit in over 27 years. so you've been them good to see kids i'm happy and proud of course everything has been destroyed here and i'm home again this is where i lived and grew up the. mosque is still standing. he must fight against the armenians his animosity towards his old enemy remain strong. they kept animals here may god punish them for keeping pigs sheep and cattle in

a muslim prayer room. not gonna cut up office hours says he brought him off he's proud that it's under any control that's thanks in part to support provided by neighboring turkey there are indications that turkish drones and mercenaries played a role in the conflict. prayers for the fallen in the fighting the mountains in the distance or in the armenian purge of my girl my car for your greatest hope is that armenian never again has our dumb under its control from going over the world's highest peak mount everest has gone a little taller after china and the paul agreed on a new height for the mountain mount everest is now get this 8848.86 meters high that's a little more than 29000 feet while the new measurement makes everest 86 centimeters higher than previously calculated well before the joint announcement the 2 countries had differed on whether to include the snowcapped on everest which

is situated on the china nepal border and the height is an average between the 2 previous measurements. the majestic mt everest coming up next is business news with rob watson will our rock thank you for coming. to. the fight against the corona virus pandemic. has the rate of infection been developing what does the latest research say. information and context the coronavirus update 19. on t w. n u you mean the years years we've been you in her last years german chancellor we'll bring you an angle a man called and you've never heard her before surprised to so with what just

what's a girl who is medical really what moves her and want. to talk to people who followed her along the way admirers and critics alike how is the world's most powerful woman shaping her life you joined us from eccles last hour. fever and difficulty breathing are both knowing that can arise from a covert 19 infection some people suffer a long cold bit where they have extreme fatigue and cognitive difficulties but doctors are still finding out why it could be that the virus moves through the nervous system of people and in fact that's what new research suggests. and that's research we're going to be looking into later with an expert who studied

the neurological impact of coded 1000 on patients but 1st let's zoom out what happens to the human body when infected by the corona virus we know much more about that now than we did at the beginning of the pandemic take a look it's not just coughing and sneezing that are dangerous but also speaking and singing tiny droplets and. the virus invisibly through the air and they're inhaled coronaviruses can reach the mucous membranes in the throat and nestle in there this is the beginning of the infection. then come the symptoms but those aren't that unusual for most people they might feel like a normal cold. runny nose a cough fatigue. it could all be there or another thing is a loss of taste. most infected people around 80 percent who have mild symptoms which go away after a few days. by this point our immune system has successfully fought of those

viruses that is like this in a lot of cases with bacteria and viruses for only a few cases there's a serious infection occurring victual but corona viruses can multiply fast spreading from the for old to the lungs. and that's how they can infect lung cells until pneumonia sets in. when i missed the other b.m. pneumonia occurs it means the gas exchange is disrupted where oxygen absorption takes place and so the patient needs supplementary oxygen that's by definition as a vehicle of a case that needs to be treated in hospital you can't last beyond. the body is supplied by oxygen via the lungs entering the bloodstream via the of your lie to the blood vessels and then it is distributed to the rest of the body complications can occur when the coronavirus settles in the space between the palminteri of your life and the blood vessels that can cause inflammation the distance to the blood

vessels then becomes greater and oxygen intake is more difficult. when organs are deprived of oxygen breathing is labored and then respiratory muscles are quickly exhausted especially in the elderly that's when the lungs need help with a ventilator. but that can prevent the situation from worsening in some cases. inflammation in the lungs increasingly hinders gas exchange. fluid as aid from the cells. and even with the support not enough oxygen enters the body then an external machine must take over the function of the lungs the so-called akmal enriches the blood outside the body with oxygen and then returns it into the body but not without complications. it

isn't free from complications you can have leading complications and many more so this is really a therapy that you use when your back is up against the wall and only in special facilities but it can be a life saving therapy. but the situation can escalate even further the immune system then becomes the main problem triggering a massive implementation as a reaction to paul and you want we need an immune response to actually fight the virus successfully with a new system can react so strongly that it ends up creating a bigger problem than the virus itself. as divya was in fact so. compounds flood the entire body immune cells attack that in a world of blood vessels they become weak fluid leaks into the tissue and is deficient in the 2nd literally system your guns are no longer sufficiently supplied with blood. but while most cases my old

recuperating face can cause some concentration problems exhaustion and muscular weakness and that tends to be more severe than in other infections. we usually see the post-college syndrome in the younger people who are seriously ill with cough it at all because they can't seem to get back on their feet to god they are really exhausted and can hardly get out on their own. and so we have top athletes who can't even manage to climb a staircase without being short of a threat to start progression to severe cases is now less common than during the 1st wave of the coronavirus pandemic this could be due to mask usage it may contribute to a smaller amount of the infection in the air making the disease less deadly. now there is the long term effects of covert on your body and that can include the impact on the brain to help us understand this better frank happen or it is joining

us now he is the head of the neuro. pathology department at berlin shabba tate university hospital welcome to you frank now there is increasing evidence that sars cove to it not only affects the respiratory tract but it can also impact the central nervous system what is the likelihood of that happening. well we know from what one 3rd of the co 1000 cases that they do suffer from neurological problems and this was basically the reason for our study where we are actually so how is the distribution of the virus in the brain and secondly how does it get into the brain now one 3rd of coronavirus patients that is a significant proportion means it's definitely worth looking into how sars co 2 enters and invades the nervous system what can you tell us about that. when we knew that there is a virus of course within the author terry macos a sort of macos

a layout and the method i want knows this is where we do it is walking so we knew this is a kind of potential port of entry and we know from our other viruses that they use it in the cranial nerves for example the old factory nerves to climb up to the brain and this is what we test and we took basically regions from the roles of tori macos up and we took different parts of the nerves and we looked into their respective connections in the brain and indeed we found with different methods that the virus currently uses the old faction the old sensory nerves to get into the brain what does this mean in terms of long term damage what do we know about that. well this is of course a difficult question i mean we looked at. very severe cases that it's died from codes and 90 and these hats at different times and durations of the disease and of course it is difficult to assume or even anticipate what's going to

happen if there is a longer period of off time of the virus in the brain but we can say is that divac that the virus gets into the brain and then may disappear day or even to regions which are very sensitive for our body functions is of course something that we have to take into account when we make a diagnosis when we think about treatments and the fact that there is a this high incidence of neurological problems means that i'm currently at many of the covert patients am half the virus within the brain but do you know if there is a way to prevent that from happening. well of course right now not what we did is just to diagnose or to make this a diagnostic approach to learn how to entries and this kind of is to become

production in medicine and in life sciences research we 1st have to understand what kind of cost cade's are used for example in this case or from an anxious agent to learn about the potential bottlenecks to the know where to interfere that later on when we have something attached to all the virus thank you very much frank has never had the neuro pathology department at berlin's sherry tate university hospital thank you very much for your insights today and now we've come to that part of the show devoted to one of the your sent in questions about the current virus our science correspondent derek williams has an answer. which colbert 19 diagnostics are most useful from an epidemiological point of view . there are basically 3 types of diagnostics that play a useful but different roles in the fight against covert 19 and the 1st 2 are for

determining whether someone has the disease or not the gold standard for doing that is what's called a poly raise chain reaction or p.c.r. test and it works by amplifying tiny amounts of any viral genetic material available in a simple up to levels where it can be detected although no test is 100 percent reliable and p.c.r. tests are very accurate on the downside there are also slow and fairly expensive which is a drawback when numbers of cases are rising rapidly the 2nd class of detection diagnostics called antigen tests work by detecting viral proteins directly antigen tests are cheaper and they can deliver a result in minutes but they're also less accurate than p.c.r. tests which is a particular problem when it comes to what are called a false negative results that's when people actually have the virus but because the

test says they don't they don't isolate still the speed and low cost make antigen tests important tools and scenarios where infections are spiking and and a lot of people need to be tested quickly and they can often be performed on site so simple don't have to be sent off to specialized labs the 3rd diagnostic in the cove in $1000.00 pandemic that's playing an important role is what's called a serial logical test generally called an antibody test which detects proteins called antibodies that form in the body as part of the immune response they can tell doctors if someone was infected at least in the recent past syria logical tests also play a key role. in vaccine development since they can show whether a candidate is having the effects that we was which is to problems the immune system to produce antibodies. now do you have

a question for derek just send an e-mail to feedback dot english at e.w. dot com and type expert in the subject line or leave a comment on our you tube channel with the hash tag ask derek that's all from us thank you for watching goodbye and stay safe.

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those woman back home who are bound by their duties and social norms and inform them of oded basic rights my name is the amount of people home and i have more into . this stance did i mean years africa coming up on the program it seems like a recipe for disaster. here so people time sheryl crow and overalls all break ups thousands of ethiopian refugees in sudan comps are forced to share facilities also coming up with. the freedom to believe him says the mean that a young mother has been freed to blow down the disease it was believed. to believe that all find out why this raw part and activists from south africa is on a mission to have a legacy of not big.