how will climate change affect us and our children. w dot com slash water. coming up today india's kurian vaccination challenge. the 2nd most populous country in the world will have to vaccinate millions upon millions of its people against the coronavirus how will they do it and existing immunization program. and in south korea one company has the answer to a problem we deviling of possible vaccine dollars how to maintain the subzero temperatures needed to keep this even viable.

i'm british babaji welcome to. glad you could join us today as we ask a daunting question how do you vaccinate a country of 1300000000 people against a coronavirus it's a question india must find an answer to and fast the country has yet to approve a vaccine that can cover the 2nd largest population on earth and when it does getting this toss completed will be perhaps one of the biggest majestical exercises the world has ever seen so how will india do it experts say india's universal immunization program already the largest in the world offers a starting point there is considerable medical infrastructure already in place but can it be used to deliver a future vaccine. went looking for. who

john knows this will be a busy day if this whole group storen to receive immunization and it is not easy task the community health worker has 1000 people under her care in this district all of the state of. it is just responsibility to nor everything about them. but not just happens when babies are conceived and what lacks emissions the mother and child need she is a crucial element in india's nasa program that backs and needs 25000000 children every year. this experience and knowledge will come in handy when the over 19 vaccine is deployed. we know about each family how many members are above 50 how many are young children below 5 we have the complete backward if someone is a diabetic has high blood pressure or tuberculosis we already have

a record of this that we can get them vaccinated accordingly. 50 other community workers like will draw up their priority to c.p. and lists and notified this primary health care center. it is already equipped with all storage for child immunization vaccines. and cool cases to transport them for the into the villages 20 such health centers reports to the nuchal health administration. dr graeme deep at the helm improbable district is confident the existing infrastructure will help things get off to a good start. but he acknowledges that communication very key much like it was for vaccinating children then parents were skeptical about putting kids through pain for an uncertain benefit. fighting glimmers through awareness campaigns will be key for the coronavirus vaccine to. there would be people rushing for the vaccine that

they want the vaccine in the 1st. and there would be people who really needed and they may not know that they needed and should get it that will be a challenge. the indian government unawareness as well along with jumping up cold storage capacities hiring more back sinitta and drawing up lists of priority to c.p.s. like health care workers and the elderly the comprehensive vaccine deployment plan also includes a new digital platform and app for health administrators and civilians. who've been beneficiary of the beneficiary management platform will track beneficiaries plan vaccination sessions and manage them. free mobile can be used by citizens to register to receive the vaccine. asked for residence these seemed ready to trust a vaccine killed by the government. they say vaccines are important doctors tell us

they help so well. you know i want to believe. i'm not worried at all about the vaccine the most important thing is to stop the pandemic. is ready. and completely confident that she can help pull off this mammoth exercise let's bring in dr knot in the record an expert in public health and one who has worked with india's massive immunizations immunization programs in particular the new york immunization program dr great to have you on the program i think the root question really is how does a country of 1300000000 people roll out a new vaccine. or next 4 months as soon as the evidence you use authorization is cleared by the regular it does you should be able to immunize 300000000 priority recipients and the program goes like this number

one we have used the the massive election infrastructure be in place of polling booths we will have immunization bourse one number 2 all the. the head for a curse bribery get ahead workers doctors and even not 2nd nursing is too dense and code for medical students will be brought in both from public and private sector who had been immunization took eat all the cluster of the immunization programs will be linked with. adverse event management health facilities so that in case that is said. and if i lexus autoload g.'s it can be taken care off fort that delivery system now we have a massive. cian and architecture of chord change because of it in

previous amat even as efficient program they're going to get of vaccines bought to plea and minus 20 go to be cannot be get off any vaccine which is richard quest minus 70 degree so ever that scene of that kind it's completely ruled out and going or going to consider that as part of a program for the bank being just on the point of the vaccine this seems to be a crucial point for india the current vaccine the bio phase of axion. restored or minus 70 degrees c. clearly doesn't want to work for india so what is the kind of vaccine that india needs and does it need to be a vaccine that is delivered as 2 shorts or one. so i don't believe we have 4 of my 4 or 5. candidates and that all i require minus 20 degree or booboo indignity in fact very soon we are going to have

it on to the part of pfizer's and modern to vaccine beaches indian vaccine and the act requires only to do it so that we are all prepared for delivering a vaccine which fits into of anyone as efficient program and as we see most of the vaccines called the vaccines are to axioms so david replied appointment they will get the post goes and it will be given the appointment for the 2nd those at the time office those and because there is a possibility that within india more than one vaccine bill being given at one dying . so that in different states different vaccine did afford people would have to come back to the same site for the 2nd dose you're making a lot of us all having this fear that people sort of i'm so into you making a lot of assumptions on to that people will come back on the time the 1st of these appointments will be given and that there will be a day or 2 i mean speaking from personal experience i can tell you that

a lot of these appointments taking systems don't really work so well in india. so vet sites have been created and as you have it in india it is a unique id system which is called odd so the hole in the appointment system in the link that sort of how to guard and almost 90 percent of what our population has are the how to guard and that given be used and that will be used and as part of the program so they have something called called in their vaccine management digs place and on that vaccine management system be a good to have this immunization believe be played from all to the game in fact a pilot testing is going on for this program to see if there are glitches i'm sure there will be glitches but the program is looking to try to overcome that it's a question that's been occupying other countries as well i'm in toms of who's going to be for any vaccination for

a country the size of india do we have an answer to that question. issues i'm not very clear i must say you must have heard that various states and i don't think that vaccine will be free a free for dead or for that estate people. $11.00 very important point for us in this country is that india is manufacturing the vaccine so in the market for example see demonstrated exene is talking about some $200.00 plus rupees butterballs but it appears been the government but years is that goes the cost will be much less said and did have been some talk going on direct majority of the vaccine delivered to india as they would not be judged right well let's hope that remains the care dr in the come on over all thank you so much for joining us thank you very much for inviting me thank you scott. south korea is on course to

receive $20000000.00 pfizer vaccine doses pending approval from regulators but the rollout of the world's 1st vaccine isn't straightforward the cedar must be kept at minus 70 degrees celsius presenting a logistical challenge to its owners one company reckons it has the answer to south korea's cold storage problems. south korea's answer to the antarctic this was one of the coldest places in the country and its owners say that makes it past fit for storing lifesaving serums. ready for the vaccines we've removed the tuna and other goods and created space for storing the new vaccines. vast warehouse facilities outside sole super free says it can offer secure

a 24 hour monitored storage the company relies on liquefied natural gas to maintain the subzero temperatures that it says electricity cannot achieve. it indeed about 100 we can control the temperature completely so it doesn't fall or rise by using l n g. so one of the i didn't do in is low such a massive distribution need stable bulk storage that we provide. drug administrators are still weighing up their storage options for no the fridge is free to gather up a good dusting of snow. and that's ever there's of course more on dot com forward slash every leader not to do with images of robots have stepped up this year to help humans deal with the pandemic chatting and connecting we're back tomorrow.

the phone against the corona virus pandemic. has the rate of infection in developing what does the latest research. information and contact the coronavirus update. on w. h . i. i it was the same ship for an eccentric monarch.

this one will treasure i i wish i secrets it. starts to seem to. me. it may be a global pandemic but when it comes to individual nations thirst bonds has been anything but uniform. while some governments were quick to implement lock downs and mass wearing others only reacted when the virus had already retired. and the crisis has exposed major philosophical divides over the questions like the role of government or the definition of individual responsibility. as

a result of outcomes have varied greatly but the experience of some countries has also helped shape the response of others in this time of crisis what can we learn from each other. welcome to your special i'm chris called. germany has gone into a 2nd hard coronavirus lockdown with all non-essential shops schools and daycare is closed the move comes after less stringent measures fails to break a 2nd wave of infections even after months governments still seem to be pondering over how to best battle the virus the south american country of europe why seems to have found a viable way. this year has been a stressful time for the dead but i see in my own family in montevideo guillermo i was born 2 weeks before the start of the lockdown in itself a joyful occasion but they couldn't share it with anyone or get any help because i

know christina and her husband but teen along with the children had to go into quarantine there was a suspected case of covert 19 in their circle of friends. they were there in the boat also it was terrible for us because the grandmothers couldn't come. and fathers all my brothers no one could come in the baby it was really tough. now 7 months later the world looks very different the borders between you're a quiet and its neighbors are still closed but the small country is so far doing well with less than a 100 deaths and only a few 1000 cases overall although infections have now risen sharply again schools and universities closed for a few weeks in the spring it was the same for shops but now the streets are busy again many people voluntarily wear masks in public there's still a need for caution but there's also an obvious sense of relief that things are not

worse than they are the mood is also upbeat at the pastor research institute when the pandemic started in march they were able to respond immediately with nationwide testing the testing kits came from these laboratories they say the approach taken by the government helped. i think one of the big advantages and compared to other countries was that both the president and just coronavirus team were good supported our scientists right from the start of so that the scientists were then able to make decisions in good time for decades europe why has invested in its welfare state and that appears to be paying off now in the crisis the country is home to around 3500000 people. poverty is still definitely an issue in some areas and impossible to open that in our capital. europe was former president jose move he is one of those credited with reducing the gap between rich and poor during his 5 years in office he was president until 2015 and invested

heavily in health education and social welfare now 85 years old he agreed to give us an interview at his home but it's. a certain level of prosperity allowed us to develop a social democracy. that has shaped the entire country. not only structurally and materially but also in terms of our way of life. we are now a country known for its tolerance where people are very civilised in their dealings with each other but also when there are differences of opinion or economic crises are going to go. back to the family they're going to enjoying meeting regularly with relatives and friends again. so what do they think is the secret of your relative success in the crisis so far. apart from good political decisions

they think the country just got lucky to a certain extent. it's a different mutation of the virus that we have here that means the cases aren't as bad as in europe and. perhaps it's the climate yeah we'll see. what a lie they were in my city and i have no idea where there must be some other reason . a few months ago they never thought their lives would improve again so quickly but none of them will forget the anxious periods around the earth any time soon. let's get more on the euro one way and whether it can serve as a model for others with america ball field she's the director of the latin america division of the german institute for global in areas studies she joins me via skype from hamburg welcome to w. marriage of latin america and the caribbean have been heavily hit by the pandemic and its economic ramifications what really has done better so far to cope with the

crisis well little guy had better health care and social infrastructure going into the pandemic and so when the pandemic hit the government was well prepared to mobilize its state infrastructure to help with both the health response and make sure that populations were able to stay inside shelter at home and still feed their families and the current government is also following a lot of lawyers a little voice in various tradition a unifier has been unifying rather than. divisive. publish and trusts the government so they did as the government said and finally little guy also had a pioneering. vi are all of just who was able to with colleagues invent his own test and their health with massive rapid testing right from the beginning and so i think those 3 factors have been very important in helping the little guy weather the pandemic much better than any other latin american country so in your

opinion what is the takeaway here for other countries particularly those that might have less money to spare for a solid. health care system. there is no better prevention then being well prepared also from a sofa social infrastructure point of view i mean government simply need to invest more resources in building a basic you need welfare state which includes health care and emergency income provision now since november when you're in search of numbers have been rising drastically and are now peaking in europe why would happen there. well i think i'm not an epitome ologist but i think what happened there is also happening in germany all over europe and north america and so you're being spared from this 2nd wave i think the rates are still lower than they are in germany for example i think currently i see you capacities about 56 percent in a little boy so they're still doing ok and i believe that they're going to announce

stronger measures today you know they've never had a mandatory lockdown like many other latin american countries had and they've announced they don't plan to do that but they do plan to exploit their citizens to behave well and responsibly through the christmas holidays just like germany has in many ways a little boy's path is not so different from germany's but now you're an expert on latin america what exactly needs to be done to protect people at high risk or social disadvantage during a pandemic you absolutely have to ensure that they have the means to stay home and isolate and that's where there is no easy solution except investing socially more for the future and it was a rude awakening for most of latin america when the pandemic happened and governments told their citizens to stay home and most citizens could not do that because they simply didn't have the means to support themselves through the pandemic and there's been

a lot of rapid state building going on in the region to try to reach these disadvantaged populations and the government to have done that pople in a better position to weather the next pandemic or the next economic crisis but it does take effort. and investment and i think that's the only way that governments can weather these pandemics without devastating human human impacts. the rector of the latin american studies thank you for your insights. and now it is time to answer your questions about the coronavirus here is our science correspondent eric williams. what does the latest data say about how much schools and universities contribute to community sprat this sounds like one question but it's actually 2 so so let's split it up kids and schools 1st there's been conflicting information on just how common transmission is among children but

in general the current consensus is that unlike in other respiratory diseases schools are really driving the spread of covert 19 at the beginning of this week national geographic reported exclusively on a major new study from iceland and said that its conclusions were that kids under 15 are only around half as likely to transmit the virus as adults are that data hasn't been published yet but if the report is correct it would provide corroborating evidence for a phenomenon that many experts now accept which is that the older a child is the more infectious they are if they themselves contract covert 19 we still don't really know why but outbreaks in high schools for example are happening

at a much higher rate than they are in elementary schools so what about universities when all college students are physiologically adults and they seem to transmit like other adults do 20 year olds are not the ones who are most in danger if they catch the virus but they can apparently have a big impact on its spread in the wider community although it's hard to put an exact number on that impact an analysis carried out by the new york times. showed that in communities throughout the u.s. for instance deaths in kill tees that were home to universities and large populations of college students are consistently outstripping deaths in counties without them but those deaths are not happening among the college students they're happening among older people in those communities who are getting over 19 in greater numbers in those counties so what the data is telling me at least so far is

that while schools tend to reflect spread in a community they don't drive it universities on the other hand appear to do that possibly in a big way. that social thanks for watching stay safe and suitable.

to own. or not to well. what about assuring economy instead. the change in thinking is changing the economy to create something new. the economics magazine in germany. even 90 minutes w. . i know nothing about the jet well i just sometimes i am but

i said nothing when it happened when the germans think deep into the german culture of looking at stereotypes the question to me is thinks he's a country guy not paying. c.s. needed to be taken a gram a day out to eat it's all that they know i'm a joke join me for meet the german sunday w. post. can you hear me now yes yes we can hear you and how last year's german chancellor will bring you an angle out matt hall as you've never had to have before surprise yourself with what is possible who is magical really what moves her and what also who talks to people who follows her along the way admirers and critics alike how is the world's most powerful woman shaping her legacy joining us from echols lost on some.

of the more. i cannot sleep reproach you know war news and love man. in the swallow smolder. only use low verbs moons. no love. for.

this is from germany sees record numbers of deaths as the country goes into hot lockdown schools are nonessential businesses closed for at least 3 and a haas weeks as the death toll tops at 950 also on the program. from roosters exiled opposition leader from long after going to sky accepts the european soccer off price. movements ongoing fight for democratic. movement presses.