a lot going on and they're all ok. germany tried and tested in. 2 30 minutes on d w. w's crime fighters are back with africa's most successful radio drama series continues only besos are available on my horse you can share and discuss on w. africa's facebook page and other social media platforms. to me now. take you there stop keep your distance for months now the coronavirus pandemic has forced much of the world to practice social distancing. just hanging out with friends or getting someone to welcome heart has become rare in times of lockdown and self isolating. what happens to us when we have to give up closeness and physical contact. keeping our distance yet staying in touch that's our topic this

week on tomorrow today the science show on t w. a historic moment in the fight to end the coronavirus. this is the news that the world has been waiting for for nearly a year several biotech companies have filed with health authorities to have their vaccines approved. the results of clinical trials sound promising and there are reports of more than 90 percent if you can see. how do the various vaccines companion. we've heard a lot about the africa see rates of covert 19 vaccines you. pharma pharma dharna

says it's covert $900.00 vaccine is 94.5 percent effective. pfizer biotech coated $914.00 has an efficacy of 95 percent in final trials. russia's sputnik coronavirus vaccine trial shows encouraging results but they are low on specifics astra zeneca covert vaccine up to 90 percent effective data shows but what does this mean and like the history of fixing it's let's explain the 1st ever vaccine was for smallpox it was introduced in 796 the disease was then declared eradicated nearly 2 centuries later in 1900 and the vaccine was 95 percent effective in preventing small pox measles 97 percent effective but in spite of the strong maxime measles continues to spread looking at you and i doctors polio has nearly been eradicated and the vaccine is 99 percent effective the flu vaccine is

a tricky one as the virus mutates regularly so people have to get flu shots every year to help protect against the most common strains generally the effectiveness of the flu shot hovers around 50 to 60 percent when scientists started work on covert 19 maxime's the world health organization set and would accept a vaccine africa see of just 50 percent so with these recent phase 3 clinical trial results showing vaccines that have north of 90 percent efficacy we have lots to be hopeful about well yes but neither but just because the results have been good so far that doesn't mean we can instantly go back to life as we know it not everyone will be able to get vaccinated that includes people whose immune systems are compromised or weakened by existing conditions and it will take a while to get vaccines to everyone who can be vaccinated so masks and social distancing are the way it's going to be for a while yet. social distancing is hard for many people.

touching others and being touched does things to us in the us. when touched the skin sends electrical signals to the brain that can cause the release of certain homans and neurotransmitters. they're transported in the bloodstream around the body with they have many different effects. they slow the heart rate and lower blood pressure breathing becomes more regular. they really feelings of anxiety and stress which in turn has a positive effect on the immune system. and that's what we're missing now close social contacts qatar. psychotherapist marie but tolomeo says people talk to her a lot about the pandemic their fear of getting sick worry about their friends and family and social isolation. and mentioned as if suddenly people have lots of time

on their hands because their work hours have been caught or they've lost their job . and they have to find a way to cope with that and shape their days while others are suddenly subjected to much greater stress trying to work at home while also looking after their children . she works at the marks plug institute for psychiatry and has thought about ways people can cope with the situation. as an afterthought better after manga food after the 1st step would be to get a sense of how you're really feeling right now if you can do it in writing keep a diary and answer certain key questions. she says it's important to acknowledge and accept whatever you're feeling. and then to think about what it is you really enjoy doing hobbies and pastimes and then do them if that's not possible because of the pandemic then look for alternative sources of enjoyment. i like to party. so

a lot of clubs have set up online platforms but i'm stella thought. instead of boxing at the box in school we got a rescue kit a small spot with all the necessary equipment like bandages and whites so we can shadow box alone how you. can't go dancing anymore so we watch videos on you tube my wife and i practice at home. we're told of mayo's also recommends remaining in gauged and maintaining social contacts if meeting friends isn't possible then talk on the phone stay in touch regular physical exercise is beneficial. what's also really helpful she says is to give your days a structure this specially if work or school have fallen away. but don't just fill your days with commitments to do nice things to eat we often don't focus enough on what we enjoy diaries are full of things we have to do and not things that are good for us and i manage to the i'm. the world health organization

recommends not reading or watching too much lose if it makes you anxious and getting information from reliable sources. and that it's also a good idea to look on the bright side see how much kindness and solidarity people have shown in this crisis. enjoy the clean air during lockdowns we need to find ways to cope emotionally the pandemic is far from over. and social distancing is not uncommon in the animal kingdom. that fire bats like these are normally sociable creatures. but when some of them fall ill they maintain a distance from the rest of the colony. this was demonstrated by a study from an international team of scientists in belize. using tiny cell.

developed specially for the bats they monitor the mammal sexual behavior. that's given a substance that made them feel sick spent less time with the group than those who received a placebo. that helps prevent diseases from spreading through the calling. by social distancing the bats protect their entire great clever creatures. and then we spoke to one of the authors of that study. what gave you the idea of studying social distancing and bats. the. research group i work with investigates the social behavior of a vampire bat. that's a quite distinct from most of the bat species. exhibit very complex social behavior. of this fur. like you see

monkeys and apes doing in the zoo they share their food. only if it comes back congress from the hunt other bats in the roost will sometimes regurgitate the blood they've come soon to share it. one interesting aspect of this research on social behavior is the question of how social change when a disease breaks out how does that change a social network. that's really consciously maintain a distance when they're sick. what we observe in vampire bats is what we call passive social distancing the animals become lethargic they don't issue as many of the contact calls that would initiate social interactions. proactive on the social distancing that we humans do when we're diagnosed with the disease and actively sell fine. so late at home to protect the group i was this is where you're going to

. serve what makes this behavior interesting for resettles. all when you play the more you need to know vampire bats don't actively distance themselves just exhibit this passive urges manifested in lethargy my computers and computer simulations show that a potential pathogen would spread more slowly through the social group so this change behavior would protect the group. how do you plan to use these research results. by aspect in n.m. as i'd like to mention 2 aspects. one is related to vampire bats themselves. we're doing the studies in latin america where vampire bats mainly feed on cows and other domesticated animals. and in this region the spread of rabies is a problem for farmers and also causes them financial losses we want to gain

a better understanding of the dynamics of that spread. the other aspect is that we can use the same technique to study any other animal species that's our study shows that this kind of very high quality data could enable us to understand more and possibly prevent outbreaks of diseases in the future. x. rays revolutionize medicine and not just meds and x. ray scan is are used in many other areas. the images they generate provide deep insights into the body and a host of objects. x. rays give us a glimpse into the past they can tell us for example what fits the romans. the x. ray machine. could help to answer some tantalizing question. and

certainly exciting and a unique opportunity we have today i've never had one like this before with x. rays becoming an increasingly important factor in archaeology having this here on site is great really super. this small mobile device has been brought along today by cutting from the found institute it looks. and it weighs 160 kilos most of that's due to the light shielding inside. the lead prevents x. rays from escaping. the device has been brought to the limit named after the fortified border defense built by the romans in germany. the team at the museum is examining organic matter dating back to that time. you know. these are small fragments of what is probably carbonized roman porridge there's a cherry sitting from the roman era found in a well 4 years ago from and here we have

a number of fly larvae preserved in the same place and some colleagues extracted them during their akio botanical investigation from. the fees are 1st up is the cherry picked. the question is what does it look like on the inside and are there signs of germination is something that could have happened in the end of the well cherries are interesting because the romans brought them to germany we've been growing them ever since the last 1800 years. we try to. cut is preparing the ancient cherry pit for the 1st analysis. to be really careful. because sometimes i need to. i like now i'm using tweezers. you don't want to come into contact with greasy fingers that's why we take extreme casts. will the x. ray machine reveal any secrets from inside the cherry pit.

so. the x. ray this thing that. enables the researchers to gain without having to. 30 minutes time. x. rays were discovered by. an 895 by accident the german physicist realized that they could be used to make the invisible. x. rays are normally used to create an image of the inside of a human body or as in this case an archaeological find. other hidden structures are revealed. the x. ray device generates the high energy radiation that passes through the body or

object and forms an image as it hits the detector. the heavier the elements of the material and the denser it is the more radiation will be absorbed. structures such as calcium rich bones and therefore show up. in the case of the cherry pit. such as muscles. and therefore appear gray. areas with a lot of air transmit the rays in a black image. back in the. the cherry pits can complete. the mission could come in my 1st look inside a roman cherry. it reminds me of using microscopes. with this cherry stone is very impressive enough for an expert to work with think be

able to give us some more information about the cherry which is very. museum director will now send the scan to an arche nest who will hopefully get some insights into the kind of cherry and therefore the plant diversity in roman times. next up in conspicuous looking pieces. were found during a dig in the outermost for 15 years ago a piece of you believe is the target and i'd love to know if that's the case and ideally to find out which cereal it contains one off. half an hour later the x. ray scan was successful and the museum director is confident that it will bear fruit. by from the minute there are some relatively big pieces of mineral material and looking at it in detail i would say it does suggest porridge.

the romans used to grind their cereals in stone mills and the volcanic rock would wear away. and. they might be very small pieces but they are clearly detectable which is evidence that this really may have been powerage. a 100. this i was not here to they have to wait for the report from the arche obama nest dismissing color coded is this a form from never of imagine such a huge detail for such tiny pieces i assumed we'd have a far cruder resolution of this is in the school doc. it's now up to the archaeal botanist to examine the scans and say which kind of cherry the romans grew back then near their forte and whether the morsels really were porridge. calling all star checks and science fiction has a way of becoming science fact mr spock's communicator was the model for the 1st

flipside. to tennant who as it appears could almost be one of today's bluetooth headsets. and the visor although still working on that was. happening in that area. a long time ago when spaceships were made of wood and plastic. and it's no element in confetti during that the materialization process people and things were beamed here and that in star trek films. how nice would it be if we could be ourselves around the globe teleportation instead of cars and airplanes and c o 2 emissions think about how beneficial it would be for the climate along into

based physics in fact teleportation is no longer science fiction. we've been looking i never cease to be amazed at what strange things occur. manuel earhart is a quantum physicist. who is excursions into space travel are hoping. the weird and wonderful world of teleportation quantum teleportation to be precise as a bus stop having watched star trek for instance people imagine that you somehow beam matter or even energy because that's how it is on the show people disappear in the teleporter and then reappear on an alien planet when. the similarity is that the system rebuild the object identical in another place. to go to certain future science fiction it's often left open once someone is teleported it's not clear whether their entire matter is beamed up with them that's left open. on

time cycling it has been a big name in quantum physics since the 1990 s. he and his team have demonstrated that quanta can form mysterious connections or quantum entanglement since they're 9 in experiments conducted in a bar trees packed with laces crystals and detectors. at the minimum amount of physical energy involved in an interaction they can be after him select trans oftentimes. their heart is part of the team. or have a few pictures of the experiment. and. the laser beam comes from the right side pulsing blue light. then passes through here. and in this little thing is the chris store where the entangled photon pairs are produced. by and they're split apart and fly off in different directions. so to photons or produced an entanglement at the same time by

a laser beam. it's like an invisible communication channel which they can use to teleport information. like a fax isn't it. going to mission is related but in this case the old fax is destroyed it disappears in the process. and the new fax looks 100 percent like the original new one looks like it's been beamed over. all things but it doesn't consist of the same atoms. nor you one is made of different items from the original going on with the thing that's rather strange because in our everyday world we can copy things we can do that very well we can produce the same item umpteen times. in quantum physics this is impossible you can never make a perfect copy of the state of a single particle in quantum physics this is just not possible that copying mission

impossible and there are other things in the world of quantum physics that seem very with to us. via quantum entanglement information is transferred instantaneously regardless of the distance involved it could be calamitous or light yes. feinstein thought it was pretty speaking this information must be travelling faster than the speed of light it explodes all our existing notions about space and time. well ok. quantum entanglement forces us to either give up our existing ideas about space and time and find new ones. or to give up our idea that everything we can measure and observe always gives us information about a reality that exists independently of ourselves. unseen for most young people and

then we have to relinquish one of these 2 notions. any personally i hope will rather i feel now that you thought about these things for such a long time that the change will probably be far more radical than we can imagine. any more feet of the car listening. to music is probably the most experimentally tested and corroborated mathematical theory that humankind has ever come up with. there's no doubt about it it's correct. so quantum teleportation is real 3 photons are usually used to demonstrate the process and experiments 1 protons 2 and 3 are in tangled. then photons one and 2 are in tangled. now what piece of data this is contained in photon number one can be transmitted to number 3 via number 2. instantaneously deleted from the

1st 2 particles. ok event couldn't i just split myself into quanta and send their information to another and tend of quantum cloud i mean then i would just need to be reassembled correctly right if you want him for to see not a simple as that it's not just a question of being dismantled yes you see information that defines who you are and who i am is not just information stored in items there's also in the information on how the source are arranged in relation to one another how they interact and so on and. so this is far more than a case of disassembling something into its constituent parts and then reassembling them. as the amount of information involved is so gigantic there's no point in contemplating how it might be possible today. to think.

like most thought let's just say that right now we don't know of anything that would fundamentally rule out teleportation. i'll go with more but to make it happen we would need completely different set ups than the ones we build nowadays. other than if i could build a device they could do this and you'd asked me whether i would put myself inside it i'd say no. so mr spock will probably have to go. up in a glittery shower like in the old days. starship enterprise was pretty eco friendly how it turned 100 an engine with not even a whiff of emissions. by the way a piece of trivia for you the words you me up scotty were never said precisely in bad form and the serious maybe it'll work with me aboard.

that's all for now thank you for joining us. for more in grossing stories about science and technology visit our website. will be back next week with a fresh edition of tomorrow today until then.

call me tomorrow with our remaining superheroes my mission is clear kushti good and to me culturally should explore germany. they die than i am a check everything out there's a lot going on in alabama germany tried and tested tricky in the.

coming w.'s. come to think 19. what didn't happen. but definitely didn't copy. what one of the consequences for the cultural center. 2020 comes to distance. reveals. aren't. 21. 30 met scott w. . has a virus spread. and weekly radio show is called spectrum if you would like any information on the coronavirus or any other science topic you should really check

out our podcast so you can get it wherever you get your podcast you can also find us at d.f.w. dot com look for it slash science. the story of producer and propaganda. they were called the rhineland bastards warning after the 1st world war. he was an illegitimate child there were many of them even from. their mothers or germans living in the occupied rhineland their father's soldiers from the french colonies. aflatoxin peace after german children had a hard time and because they were reminder of the german defeat. they grew up in a climate of wounded national pride and racism. the european population felt that it was important to be white and to stay right by supply. mission and

contempt culminated in forced sterilization under the nazis. this documentary examines the few traces that remain of their existence we call them the children. storage january 11th on d w. this is news and these are our top stories a number of european countries including germany have banned travel from the united kingdom after the identification of a new strain of the coronavirus there the british government says the new mutation is more easily transmissible but is not thought to be any more dangerous. london and the southeast of england have spent their 1st day under a strict lockdown imposed by the british cover.