you know what it's time all voices. on the 77 percent talk about the issue. from the quality of the flash from. the entire this is where they are. welcome to the 77 percent. this weekend r t w u. k u they're stuck keep their distance for months now the coronavirus pandemic has forced much of the world to practice social distancing. just hanging out with friends or giving someone a welcome hug has become rare in times of lockdown and self isolating. what happens to us when we have to give up closeness and physical contact. keeping our distance

yet staying in touch that's our topic this week on tomorrow today the science show on d w. a historic moment in the fight to end the coronavirus. this is the news that the world has been waiting for for nearly a year several biotech companies have filed with health authorities to have their vaccines approved. the results of clinical trials sound promising there are records of more than 90 percent efficacy. how do the various vaccines compare. we've heard a lot about the africa the rates of crow that 19 vaccines u.s. . pharma pharma dharna says it's covert $900.00 vaccine is 94.5 percent effective.

pfizer biotech over 19 faxon has an advocacy of 95 percent in final trials. russia's sputnik coronavirus vaccine trial shows encouraging results but they are low on specifics astra zeneca covert vaccine up to 90 percent effective data shows but what does this mean and like the history of pixie and let's explain the 1st ever vaccines for smallpox it was introduced in 796 the disease was then declared eradicated nearly 2 centuries later in 1900 and the vaccine was 95 percent effective in preventing small pox measles 97 percent effective but in spite of the strong maxime measles continues to spread looking at you and i have doctors polio has nearly been there ready kate it and the vaccine it's 99 percent effective the flu vaccine is

a tricky one as the virus mutates regularly so people have to get flu shots every year to help protect against the most common strains generally the effectiveness of the flu shot hovers around 50 to 60 percent when scientists started work on covert $9000.00 maxime's the world health organization said it would accept a vaccine africa see of just 50 percent so with these recent phase 3 clinical trial results showing vaccines that have north of 90 percent efficacy we have lots to be hopeful about well yes but neither but just because the results have been good so far it doesn't mean we can instantly go back to life as we know it not everyone will be able to get vaccinated that includes people whose immune systems are compromised or weakened by existing conditions and it will take a while to get vaccines to everyone who can be vaccinated so masks and social distancing are the way it's going to be for a while yet. social distancing is hard for many people.

touching others and being touched does things to us in the us. when touched the skin sends electrical signals to the brain that can cause the release of certain whole moans and neurotransmitters. they're transported in the bloodstream around the body with a have many different effects. they slow the heart rate and lower blood pressure reading becomes more regular. they really feelings of anxiety and stress which in turn has a positive effect on the immune system. and that's what we're missing right now close social contacts cut off. psycho therapist no rebuttal the mayor says people talk to her a lot about the pandemic their fear of getting sick worry about their friends and family and social isolation. and mentioned as if suddenly people have lots of time

on their hands because their work hours have been cut well they've lost their job. and they have to find a way to cope with that and shape their days while others are suddenly subjected to much greater stress trying to work at home while also looking after their children cannot be torn misson she works at the mocks plug institute for psychiatry and has thought about ways people can cope with the situation. i would ask what they're asking for it after the 1st step would be to get a sense of how you're really feeling right now if you can do it in writing keep a diary and answer certain key questions. she says it's important to acknowledge and accept whatever you're feeling. and then to think about what it is you really enjoy doing hobbies and past times and then do them if that's not possible because of the pandemic then look for alternative sources of enjoyment. i like to party. it on

a lot of clubs have set up online platforms for. instead of boxing at the box in school we got a rescue kit a small spot with all the necessary equipment like bandages and whites so we can shadow box alone on her box if. we can't go dancing anymore so we watch videos on you tube my wife and i practiced at home. for total mayo's also recommends remaining in gauged and maintaining social contacts if meeting friends isn't possible then talk on the phone stay in touch regular physical exercise is beneficial. what's also really helpful she says is to give your days a structure especially if work or school have fallen away. but don't just fill your days with commitments to do nice things to eat we often don't focus enough on what we enjoy diaries are full of things we have to do or not things that are good for us an advantage to the i'm good to. the world health

organization recommends not reading or watching too much lose if it makes you anxious and getting information from reliable sources. and that it's also a good idea to look on the bright side see how much kindness and solidarity people have shown in this crisis. enjoy the clean air during lockdowns we need to find ways to cope emotionally the pandemic is far from over. and social distancing is not uncommon in the animal kingdom. that fire bats like these are normally social creatures. but when some of them fall ill they maintain a distance from the rest of the colony. this was demonstrated by a study from an international team of scientists in belize. using tiny sense. develop especially for the balance they monitor the mammal sexual behavior.

that's given a substance that made them feel sick spent less time with those who received a placebo. that helps prevent diseases from spreading through the calling. by social distancing but that's protect their entire great clever creature. and then no respect to one of the all of this of that study. what gave you the idea of studying social distancing and balance. the. research group i work with investigates the social behavior of vampire bats. these bats are quite distinct from most of the bat species. they exhibit very complex social behavior. like you see

monkeys and apes doing in the zoo they share their food. only if that comes back hungry from the hunt other bats in the roost will sometimes regurgitate the blood they've come soon to share it. one interesting aspect of this research on social behavior is the question of how social change when a disease breaks out how does that change a social network. do you think that's really consciously maintain a distance when they're sick but. what we observe in vampire bats is what we call passive social distancing the animals become lethargic they don't issue as many of the contact calls that would initiate social interactions. proactive on the social distancing that we humans do when we're diagnosed with the disease and actively self i see. later at home to protect the group how was this is where you're going

to. serve what makes this behavior interesting for resetting. all very well be a bit of noise and even though vampire bats don't actively distance themselves just accept it as passive urges manifested in lethargy by computers and computer simulations show that a potential pathogen would spread more slowly through the social group so this change behavior would protect the group. how do you plan to use these research results. by aspect in n.m. as i'd like to mention 2 aspects. one is related to vampire bats themselves. we're doing the studies in latin america where vampire bats mainly feed on cows and other domesticated animals. and in this region the spread of rabies is a problem for farmers and also causes them financial losses we want to gain

a better understanding of the dynamics of that spread. the other aspect is that we can use the same technique to study any other animal species that's our study shows that this kind of very high quality data could enable us to understand more and possibly prevent outbreaks of diseases in the future. x. rays revolutionize medicine and not just medicine x. ray scan is are used in many other areas. the images they generate provide deep insights into the body and a host of objects. x. rays give us a glimpse into the past they can tell us for example what fits the romans and. the x. ray machine inside this event could help to answer some questions. and

certainly exciting and a unique opportunity we have today i've never had one like this before with x. rays becoming an increasingly important factor in archaeology having this here on site is great really super. the small mobile device has been brought along today by patents from the founder for institute it looks. and it weighs $160.00 kilos most of that's due to the shielding inside. the lead prevents x. rays from escaping the device has been brought to the limit named after the fortified border defense built by the romans in germany. the team at the museum is examining organic matter dating back to that time. i mean these are small fragments of what is probably carbonized roman porridge there's a cherry statement from the roman era found in a well 4 years ago from and here we have

a number of fly larvae preserved in the same place and some colleagues extracted them during their akio botanical investigation from. the features 1st up is the cherry picked. the essential difference if the question is what does it look like on the inside and are there signs of germination something that could have happened in the end of the well cheri's are interesting because the romans brought them to germany and we've been growing them ever since the last 1800 years. so you . can. cut is preparing the ancient cherry pit for the 1st analysis. to be really. obvious sometimes i need to. like now i'm using tweezers. you don't want to come into contact with greasy fingers that's why we take extreme cafe. will the x. ray machine reveal any secrets from inside the cherry pit. and

yet now i'll start the x. ray now this thing that. the research. without having to. 30 minutes time. were discovered. in 1905 by accident the german physicist realized that they could be used to make the invisible. x. rays are normally used to create an image of the inside of a human body or as in this case an archaeological find. and other hidden structures are revealed. the x. ray device generates the high energy radiation that passes through the body or

object and forms an image as it hits the detector. the heavier the elements in the material and the denser it is the more radiation will be absorbed. structures such as calcium rich bones therefore show up. in the case of the cherry . such as muscles. and therefore. other areas with a lot of air. black image. back in the. the cherry pits can complete. my 1st look inside. a fascinating. it reminds me of using microscopes. with this cherry stone is very impressive enough for an expert to work with. be

able to give us some more information about the cherry which is very. museum director will now send the scan to an arche n'est who will hopefully get some insights into the kind of cherry and therefore the plant diversity in roman times. next step in conspicuous looking pieces. were found during a dig in the outermost for 15 years ago a piece of you believe authorities and i'd love to know if that's the case and ideally to find out which cereal it contains when off. half an hour later the x. ray scan was successful and the museum director is confident that it will bear fruit. by from him you know there are some relatively big pieces of mineral material i'm looking at it in detail i would say it does suggest porridge. right

remarked the romans used to grind their cereals in stone mills on the volcanic rock would wear away. and so i might be very small pieces i don't but they are clearly detectable which is evidence that this really may have been powerage. a 100. this i was not here to they have to wait for the report from the arche obama nest just the same color coded is a from the from i never of imagine such a huge detail for such tiny pieces i assumed we'd have a far cruder resolution of this in this cool place to cook a duck. it's now up to the archaeal botanist to examine the scans and say which kind of cherry the romans grew back then near their forte and whether the morsels really were porridge. calling all stop check science fiction has a way of becoming science fact mr spock communicator was the model for the 1st

flipside. a tenant who as if you could almost be one of today's bluetooth headsets . and the visor while they're still working on that. but leaving a bullet there is something very special happening in that area. a long time ago when spaceships were made of wood and plastic. and it snowed element in confetti during that the material is ation process people and things were seen terran that in star trek films. how nice would it be if we could be in ourselves around the globe teleportation instead of crowds and airplanes and c o 2 emissions think about how beneficial it would be for the climate alone in

today's fix in fact teleportation is no longer science fiction. you've been looking i never cease to be amazed at what strange things occur. manuel earhart is a quantum physicist. who is excursions into space travel or hopi he explores the weird and wonderful world of teleportation quantum teleportation to be precise as a bus stop having watched star trek for instance people imagine that you somehow beam matter or even energy because that's how it is on the show people disappear in the teleporter and then reappear on an alien planet with. the similarity is that a system rebuild the object identical in another place. because it's going to cern future new science fiction it's often left open and someone is teleported it's not clear whether their entire matter is being done with them that's left open.

anton cycling has been a big name in quantum physics since the 1990 s. he and his team have demonstrated that one turk in for mysterious connections or quantum entanglements as they're known in experiments conducted in a bar or trees packed with laces crystals and detectors. come to the minimum amount of physical energy involved in interaction they can be after him select from so photons. their heart is part of the team. or have a few pictures of the experiment. she was. the laser beam comes from the right side pulsing blue light. and passes through here. and in this little thing is the chris store where the entangled photon pairs are produced. and they're split apart and fly off in different

directions. so the photons are produced untangled at the same time by a laser beam. it's like an invisible communication channel which they can use to teleport information. and fox news like a fax isn't it. the information is related but in this case the old fax is destroyed it disappears in the process. of the new fax looks 100 percent like the original new one looks like it's been beamed over. all things but it doesn't consist of the same atoms. nor you one is made of different items from the original going on with the thing that's rather strange because in our everyday world we can copy things we can do that very well we can produce the same item umpteen times. in quantum physics this is impossible you can never make

a perfect copy of the state of a single particle in quantum physics this is just not possible that copying mission impossible and there are other things in the world of quantum physics that seem very with to us. via quantum entanglement information is transferred instantaneously regardless of the distance involved it could be kilometers or light yes. einstein thought it was pretty speedy this information must be traveling faster than the speed of light it explodes all our existing notions about space and time. ok well these are the. quantum entanglement forces us to either give up our existing ideas about space and time and find new ones. or to give up our idea that everything we can measure and observe always gives us information about a reality that exists independently of ourselves. unseen for most young people and

then we have to relinquish one of these 2 notions. any personally i hope will rather i feel now that i thought about these things for such a long time that the change will probably be far more radical than we can imagine. any more feet are because. the physics is probably the most experimentally tested and corroborated mathematical theory that humankind has ever come up with. there's no doubt about it it's correct. so quantum teleportation is real 3 photons are usually used to demonstrate the process and experiments protons 2 and 3 are in tangled. then photons one and 2 are in tangled. now what piece of data this is contained in photon number one can be

transmitted to number 3 via number 2. that is instantaneously deleted from the 1st 2 particles. ok then couldn't i just split myself into quanta and so their information to another entangled quantum cloud i mean that i would just need to be reassembled correctly right if you want him for you see not a simple as that it's not just a question of being dismantled as you see information that defines who you are and who i am is not just information stored in items there's also in the information on how the source are arranged in relation to one another how they interact and so on and. so this is far more than a case of disassembling something into its constituent parts and then reassembling them. as the amount of information involved is so gigantic there's no point in contemplating how it might be possible today. to think.

like most thought let's just say that right now we don't know of anything that would fundamentally rule out teleportation. i want more but to make it happen we would need completely different set ups than the ones we build nowadays. other than if i could build a device that could do this and you'd asked me whether i would put myself inside it i'd say no. so mr spock will probably have to walk. up in a glittery shower element like in the old days. starship enterprise was pretty eco friendly how would turn hundreds an engine was not even aware of this emissions. by the way a piece of trivia for you the words you me up scotty whenever said precisely in

that form of the static serious maybe it will work with me aboard. that's all for now thank you for joining us. for more in grossing stories about science and technology visit our website will be back next week with a fresh edition of tomorrow today until then.

in the far north. it's lonely. and breathtakingly beautiful. in the arctic and i want to take a journey around the north pole profiteers and talk with people experiencing

a changing environment more of them wants life within the arctic circle. and 15 minutes on d.w. . with them how to be done it goes on as well lions how you know if i had known that the boat would be that small i never would have gone on the trip but you know i would not have put myself and my parents on the adventure of. part of the theme of the going to get a fleet of. love ones to look at that one little bit because i'm i have serious problems on a personal level and i was unable to live their lives i'm going to. want to know their story and for my great stir find a controllable information for margaret's. the story of prejudice and

propaganda. they were called the rhineland bastards born after the 1st world war the monkey was an illegitimate child and there were many of them even from. their mothers germans living in the occupied rhineland their fathers soldiers from the french colonies. up close and please cafu german children had a hard time and because they were reminder of the german defeat. they grew up in a climate of wounded national pride and racism the defeat of the european population felt that it was important to be white and to stay right by supply. exclusion and contempt culminated in forced sterilization under the nazis. this documentary examines the few traces that we made of their existence as we call

them the children. storage january 11th on d w. this is news live from berlin europe tightens its borders to guard against a new strain of corona virus germany and other countries move to ban travel from the u.k. for a new virus variants is coursing in new lockdowns and fresh fish the e.u. has called a crisis meeting to discuss the next steps also coming up.