it was the same for him it's tricky like. fantasy. to see. the end. of secrets. starts december 25th. was. a year their stock keep their distance for months now the coronavirus pandemic has forced much of the ball to practice social distancing. just hanging out with friends or giving someone a welcome hug has become rare in times of lockdown and self isolating. what happens to last when we have to give up closeness and physical contact. keeping our

distance yet staying in touch that's our topic this week on tomorrow today the science show on t.w. . historic moment in the fight to end the coronavirus. this is the news that the world has been waiting for for nearly a year several biotech companies have filed with health authorities to have their vaccines approved. the results of clinical trials sound promising there are reports of more than 90 percent efficacy. how do the various vaccines compare. we've heard a lot about the africa see rates of crawford 19 vaccines u.s. fall. i'm

a firm adonis says it's covert $900.00 vaccine is 94.5 percent effective. pfizer biotech coated $900.00 facts and has an advocacy of 95 percent in final trials. russia's sputnik coronavirus vaccine trial shows encouraging results but they are low on specifics astra zeneca covert vaccine up to 90 percent effective data shows but what does this mean unlike the history of pixie. let's explain the 1st ever vaccines for smallpox it was introduced in 796 the disease was then declared eradicated nearly 2 centuries later in 1900 and the threat looking at you and i have actors polio has nearly been there randi kaye did it and the vaccine is 99 percent effective the flu vaccine is a tricky one as the virus mutates regularly so people have to get flu shots every year to help protect against the most common strains generally the effectiveness of the flu shot hovers around so with these recent phase 3 clinical trial results

showing vaccines that have north of 90 percent efficacy we have lots to be hopeful about well yes but neither but just because the results have been good so far that doesn't mean we can instantly go back to life as we know it not everyone will be able to get vaccinated that includes people whose immune systems are compromised or weakened by existing conditions and it will take a while to get vaccines to everyone who can be vaccinated so masks and social distancing are the way it's going to be for a while yet. social distancing is hard for many people. touching others and being touched does things to us in the us. when touched the skin sends electrical signals to the brain that can cause the release of session homans and neurotransmitters. they're transported in the

bloodstream around the body with a have many different effects. they slow the heart rate and lower blood pressure breathing becomes more regular. they relieve feelings of anxiety and stress which in turn has a positive effect on the immune system. and that's what we're missing when our close social contacts cutoff. psychotherapist no rebuttal the mayor says people talk to her a lot about the pandemic their fear of getting sick worry about their friends and family and social isolation as dams and i mentioned to him as if suddenly people have lots of time on my hands because their work hours have been cut all they've lost their job. and they have to find a way to cope with that and shape their days while others are suddenly subjected to much greater stress trying to work at home while also looking after their children can have a toy. she works at the market clock institute for psychiatry and has thought about

ways people can cope with the situation. as it as a start to their ass trying to fit after the 1st step would be to get a sense of how you're really feeling right now and you can do it in writing keep a diary and also certain key questions. she says it's important to acknowledge and accept whatever you're feeling. and then to think about what it is you really enjoy doing hobbies and pastimes and then do them if that's not possible because of the pandemic then look for alternative sources of enjoyment. and. i like to party so a lot of clubs have set up online platforms but i'm still a thought. instead of boxing at the box in school we got a rescue kit a small spot with all the necessary equipment like bandages and whites so we can shadow box alone on her box if. we can't go dancing anymore

so we watch videos on you tube my wife and i practiced at home. for total mayo's also recommends remaining in gauged in maintaining social contacts if meeting friends isn't possible then talk on the phone stay in touch regular physical exercise is beneficial. what's also really helpful she says is to give your days a structure especially if work or school have fallen away. but don't just fill your days with commitments to do nice things to me we often don't focus enough on what we enjoy diaries are full of things we have to do and not things that are good for us and i manage to the i'm good to. the world health organization recommends not reading or watching too much lose if it makes you anxious and getting information from reliable sources. that it's also a good idea to look on the bright side see how much kindness and solidarity people have shown in this crisis. enjoy the clean air during lockdowns we need to find

ways to cope emotionally the pandemic is far from over. and from social distancing is not uncommon in the animal kingdom and that is that it's like these are normally social creatures. but when some of them fall ill they maintain a distance from the rest of the colony. this was demonstrated by a study from an international team of scientists. using tiny senses developed specially for the bats they monitor the mammal sexual behavior. that is given a substance that made them feel sick spent less time with the crew than those who received a placebo. that helps prevent diseases from spreading through the colony. so by social distancing the bats protect their entire grain clever creatures.

and then we spoke to one of the office of that study. what gave you the idea of studying social distancing and balance. the. research group i work with investigates the social behavior of vampire. bats are quite distinct from most of the species. exhibit very complex social behavior. like you see monkeys and apes doing in the zoo they share their food. only if that comes back hungry from the hunt other bats in the roost will sometimes regurgitate the blood they've come soon to share it. one interesting aspect of this research on social

behavior is the question of how social bonds change when a disease breaks out how does that change a social network. did the bats really consciously maintain a distance when there. was nobody about. what we observe in vampire bats is what we call passive social distancing the animals become lethargic they don't issue as many of the contact calls that would initiate social interactions. proactive on the social distancing that we humans do when we're diagnosed with the disease and actively self isolated home to protect the group. so what makes this behavior interesting for resetting. all very well be a bit of noise and even though vampire bats don't actively distance themselves just exhibit this passive searches manifested in lethargy computer simulations show that

a potential pathogen would spread more slowly through the social group so this change behavior would protect the group. how do you plan to use these research results. by aspect and then there's what i'd like to mention 2 aspects. one is related to vampire bats themselves. we're doing the studies in latin america where vampire bats mainly feed on cows and other domesticated animals. and in this region the spread of rabies is a problem for farmers and also causes them financial losses we want to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of that spread. the other aspect is that we can use the same technique to study any other animal species that's our study shows that this kind of very high quality data could enable us to understand more and possibly prevent outreach or diseases in the future.

x. rays revolutionize medicine and not just meds and x. ray scan is are used in many other areas. the images they generate provide deep insights into the body and the host of objects. x. rays give us a glimpse into the past they can tell us for example what fits the romans and. the x. ray machine inside this event could help to answer some tantalizing questions. and certainly exciting and a unique opportunity we have today i've never had one like this before with x. rays becoming an increasingly important factor in archaeology having this here on site is great really super. this small mobile device has been brought along today by patents from the found institute it looks. at it

weighs $160.00 kilos most of that's due to the shielding inside. the lead prevents x. rays from escaping the device has been brought to the limit named after the fortified border defense built by the romans in germany. the team at the museum is examining organic matter dating back to that time. i mean these are small fragments of what is probably carbonized roman porridge there's a cherry statement from the roman era found in a well 4 years ago from woody and here we have a number of fly larvae preserved in the same place and some colleagues extracted them during their akio botanical investigation missing from. the fees are the 1st step is the cherry picked. the essential difference the question is what does it look like on the inside and are there signs of germination something could have

happened in the most environmentally the well cherries are interesting because the romans brought them to germany and we've been growing them ever since the last 1800 years. so you. can. cut is preparing the ancient cherry pit for the 1st analysis. to be really careful. because sometimes i need to like love. i like now i'm using tweets as. i don't want to come into contact with greasy fingers that's why we take extreme cafe. will the x. ray machine reveal any secrets from inside the cherry pit. and then i will start the x. ray this to. enables the researchers to gain without having to. 30

minutes time. we're discovered by. 1905 by accident the german physicist realized that they could be used to make the invisible. x. rays are normally used to create an image of the inside of a human body or as in this case an archaeological find. other hidden structures are revealed. generates the high energy radiation that passes through the body or object and forms an image as it hits the detector. the heavier the elements in the material and the denser it is. absorbed. structures such as calcium which therefore show up. in the case of the.

issue such as muscles. and therefore. other areas with a lot of air. in a black image. back in the. the cherry. it's my 1st look inside. it reminds me of using microscopes at school. but this cherry stone is very impressive enough for an expert to work with. be able to give us some more information about the cherry which is very. the museum director will now send the scan to an arche. who will hopefully get some insights into the kind of cherry and therefore the plant diversity in roman times.

are these in conspicuous looking pieces. dig in the outermost for 15 years ago a piece of the believe it's hard and i'd love to know if that's the case and ideally to find out which cereal it contains when. half an hour later the x. ray scan was successful and the museum director is confident that it will bear fruit. by. some relatively big pieces of mineral material and looking at it in detail i would say it does suggest. the romans used to grind their cereals in stone mills and the volcanic rock would wear away. and. might be very small pieces but they are clearly detectable which is evidence that this really may have been powerage. hunted. this i was not

here to they have to wait for the report from the arche obama nest just the same color coded is. never of imagine such a huge detail for such tiny pieces i assumed we'd have a far cruder resolution of this vision discourse cookie doc. it's now up to the archaeal botanist to examine the scans and say which kind of cherry the romans grew back then you're their forte and whether the morsels really were porridge. calling all star trek fans science fiction has a way of becoming science fact mr spock's communicator was the model for the 1st flipside. to tennant who as it appears could almost be one of today's bluetooth headsets. and the visor well they're still working on that. but even a bullet there is something very special happening in that area. a

long time ago when spaceships were made of wood and plastic. under its new element in confetti during the demon terry allies ation process people and things were seen terran that in star trek films. how nice would it be if we could be in ourselves around the globe teleportation instead of crowds and airplanes and c o 2 emissions think about how beneficial it would be for the climate alone into based physics in fact teleportation is no longer science fiction. you can look at i never cease to be amazed at what strange things occur. manuel earhart is a quantum physicist. who is excursions into space travel are

hoping. he explores the weird and wonderful world of teleportation quantum teleportation to be precise as a bus stop having watched star trek for instance people imagine that you somehow beam matter or even energy because that's how it is on the show people disappear in the teleporter and then reappear on an alien planet when. the similarity is that the system rebuild the object identical in another place. to go to cern future new science fiction it's often left open someone is teleported it's not clear whether their entire matter is beamed up with them that's left open. on time cycling or has been a big name in quantum physics since 1990 s. he and his team have demonstrated that one turk in 4 mysterious connections or quantum entanglement says they're known in experiments conducted in a bar or trees packed with laces crystals and detectors. at the minimum amount of

physical energy involved in interaction they can be atoms electrons oftentimes. their heart is part of the team. or have a few pictures of the experiment. and. the laser beam comes from the right side pulsing blue light. and passes through here. and in this little thing is the chris store where the entangled photon pairs are produced. it's like an invisible communication channel which they can use to teleport information. they're split apart and fly off in different directions. so the photons are produced untangled at the same time by a laser beam and fox news like

a fax isn't it. the information is related but in this case the old fax is destroyed it disappears in the process. so the new fax looks 100 percent like the original new one looks like it's been beamed over. all things but it doesn't consist of the same atoms. nor you want is made of different items from the original going on with the thing that's rather strange because in our everyday world we can copy things we can do that very well you can never make a perfect copy of the state of a single particle in quantum physics this is just not possible that copying mission impossible we can produce the same item umpteen times. in quantum physics this is impossible there are other things in the world of quantum physics that seem very with to us. via quantum entanglement information is transferred instantaneously regardless of the distance involved it could be calamitous or light

yes. einstein thought it was pretty speak this information must be travelling faster than the speed of light it explodes all our existing notions about space and time. well ok well you know. quantum entanglement forces us to either give up our existing ideas about space and time and find new ones. or to give up our idea that everything we can measure and observe always gives us information about a reality that exists independently of ourselves. unseen for most young people to go and we have to relinquish one of these 2 notions. any person you know hopeful rather i feel now that he thought about these things for such a long time that the change will probably be far more radical than we can imagine.

any more feel like because of a single. point of view physics is probably the most experimentally tested and corroborated mathematical theory that humankind has ever come up with. there's no doubt about it it's correct. so quantum teleportation is real 3 photons are usually used to demonstrate the process and experiments protons 2 and 3 are entangled. then photons one and 2 are in tangled. now a piece of data that is contained in photon number one can be transmitted to number 3 by a number to. the disk instantaneously deleted from the 1st 2 particles. ok event couldn't i just split myself into quanta and send their information to another and tangle of quantum cloud i mean then i would just need to be reassembled

correctly right if you want him for you know simple as that it's not just a question of being dismantled yes you see information that defines who you are and who i am is not just information stored in items there's also in the information on how the source are arranged in relation to one another how they interact and so on and. so this is far more than a case of disassembling something into its constituent parts and then reassembling them this is the most amount of information involved is so gigantic there's no point in contemplating how it might be possible today. to think. like more thought let's just say that right now we don't know of anything that would fundamentally rule out teleportation. i was more about something that happened we would be completely different setups than the ones we build nowadays. maybe of the. other if i could build

a device they could do this and you'd asked me whether i would put myself inside it i'd say no. so mr spock will probably have to hook. up in a glittery shower like in the old days. starship enterprise was pretty eco friendly how would turn hydrogen engine with not even a whiff of emissions. by the way a piece of trivia for you the words you me up scotty whenever said precisely in better form of the serious maybe it will work with me apart. that's all for now thank you for joining us. for more in grossing stories about science and technology visit our website will be back next week with

a fresh edition of tomorrow today until then.

do we really know our past. or are recollections just memory. images in our mind change and have a life of their own. the latest in brain research one memory sometimes placed. 75. w. 2 iowa. or not 200. 000000000000 what about assuring economy. could change in

thinking is changing the economy to create something new. the economics magazine. on. the fight against the corona virus pandemic. has the rate of infection been developing. the measures are being. what is the latest research. information context. coronavirus a. special monday to friday. closely . carefully.

observed. to didn't. discover. the i. subscribe to a documentary on. the body. length. blah. blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah

blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah. blah. this is news coming to you live from. states show britain to contain a new strain of the crew in germany and. travel from the u.k. where a new more infectious version of the virus is causing new 'd and more fear also coming up germany awaits a verdict on its worst anti semitic attack since world war 2.