till my. that's all for now coming up next is our special edition of the koran of crisis don't forget you can get all the latest news and information around the clock on our web site that's. a meritocracy of religion we'll be back at the top of the hour with more headlines. the fight against the corona virus pandemic. has the rate of infection been developing what does the latest research say. information and context the coronavirus update 19. next on t w. how does a virus spread. why do we parent and when we'll all be. trying to just through the tax and weekly radio show is called spectrum if you would like and new

information on the coronavirus or any other science topic you should really check out our podcast you can get it wherever you get your podcast you can also find us at dot com slash science. since the beginning of the pandemic numbers are playing an even larger role in our day to day lives which is better standing 1.5 meters apart or 2 meters what exactly is the all right do i have enough masks and how long can i wear warm for. limited numbers in form of decision making how many kids can be safely in one classroom all how many people. should i be allowed to meet

with. between new and changing numbers coming to us every day what's important and how do you keep your head from spending. but so many statistics associated with the coronavirus pandemic is imposed was give on top of them all or even to understand them well if these numbers on leaving you know allow us to help you out by explaining a few of the key ones. the 7 day incidence indicates how many people tested positive within one week measured per 100000 inhabitants for example let's assume a city with 129000 inhabitants has this number of positive tests in one week we add up all the positive test results. and then the 7 day incidence is calculated 48 times 100000 divided 512-1000 inhabitants

giving an incidence of 37.2. can also. the number allows you to ascertain the current infection rate or in other words how many people are currently infected in a region and since it refers to 100000 inhabitants one can also say so to speak what the percentage of new infections is. of value is considered problematic for a region once it becomes difficult to identify all contacts an infected person has had in germany that is a 7 day incidents above 50. the effective reproduction rate are describes the average number of people an infected person passes the virus onto an r. value of 2 means that one infected person passes the disease to 2 others meaning the virus spreads exponentially. if the effective reproduction number is less than

one the number of new infections decreases. or you can talk incidents you know while the 7 day incidents offers an initial estimate the reproduction rate gives you an idea of the dynamics how quickly the infection is currently spreading from one person to the next from our enemies to meet. the gaze fatality rate indicates how many people who tested positive die from or with the virus. if for example one out of 10 people die is the case fatality rate is 10 percent. if we take a look at the latest case fatality rates from different countries we see a very inconsistent picture with the world average hovering around a case fatality rate of 2.4. if

the number is important for considering how threatening the infection is for an individual patient but it also has notable problems on the one hand the number of unreported cases is very important and the number of undetected cases also depends on how much testing is going on in other words you might get a distorted picture if you test very much or very little if you look as if you need to test it and that's the problem with many of the key statistics depending on your test capacity the figures change never the less the measurements provide valuable information with doctors get in short it's about relative changes and you can see those quite well in these figures. and the goal remains the same all through the pandemic super event health care systems from becoming overburdened. let's speak to maria bobber also who is a mathematician have the frankfurt institute for advanced studies thanks for joining us maria so many numbers too many for anyone to really keep across so you

can you know it was out here is that one number that we should be paying more attention to than all the others well there are really many numbers concerning independent make and care have been many coming across during the months. we are currently paying very much attention to numbers which indicate disagree disease like hospitalization and i.c.u. requirement. so people who are in severe conditions because of disease disease and does are numbers to us which inform us a bit more about. this a very key and health care requirement roger did only numbers concerning the detection so like 7 days incidents or r.t. number so you say that's what you're currently focusing on is the number that's most important change over time. this this change of course

we have been tracking them essentially since the beginning of dependent because it became quite clear to dizzy disease that require or might have a seeing severe course and hand up in deaths or require us because asian health care and this is of course an indicator which which is not stable depends very much on. on the health care capacity of the country but i believe it's less affected. tracking capacities or testing the t.v. team in the country. so we have all these numbers the on the sunday incidences and stuff to the general public need to be across these numbers i can understand why governments decision makers finance people what about i can we just stay at home and do as we're told without getting caught up in the thickens. well i guess it's

probably the 1st time at least since i'm aware of and as surely the 1st time to people became so informed about the meaning of the production number were even seventy's instance where any disease. just numbers are reported for a number of diseases but usually are kept in the in control systems in health care facilities so people who are working wouldn't so now if they went into a community and i guess it was because of making people aware or making people. aware of this a very key of the pandemic of to their weight spreads. but of course then the number of the numbers that we get or the more number steadily gets dissed can make people more confused a might not know what they are looking at it's there are some indicators like overproduction number or wish which is not like temperature measurement it's

depends on under cases that are reported it and this are in case of cold feet for sure or not all cases which we have out there you know i suppose misunderstanding the numbers could cause more problems than not knowing the metol i mean marie above or also thank you so much for bringing us your expertise from the front that institute for advanced studies thank you very much. now as the palace of the program where you get to ask the questions you've been submitting them through our you tube channel so now let's put one of them to ask science correspondent derrick williams. should people who have already had coded 1000 continue to wear masks. i answered this question a few months ago and the guidelines haven't really changed but it gets sent in so often that i guess it's it's maybe time for a reminder the short answer is that

a lot of aspects of covert 19 immunity are still pretty hazy because people simply haven't been recovering from it long enough to provide solid long term data based on what we've seen so far with the disease people who get infected once do acquire some immunity for a period of time the big problem is we still don't really know how long on average that period is so for some framework it makes sense to look at what we know about other coronaviruses that infects humans and and studies there have revealed that immunity can wane pretty swiftly a number of them convincingly show people can be really infected with some of those pathogens within a year of catching them once so far there have been a few dozen documented cases of that also happening with covert 19 but as as

proving reinfection is quite a complex challenge the real numbers are almost certainly higher in some of the documented cases the people who got it again showed no symptoms the 2nd time around but but in others they got the disease worse and we still don't know whether they were infectious to others so until we have better data guidelines from health authorities like the c.d.c. recommends that you continue to wear a mask especially in. indoor public spaces until we have more information you should assume that masking is still an effective way to protect not only others but yourself even if you had proven 1000 once and recovered from it. and you can submit a question for derek through you chief of channel d.w. news now i know we've already thrown a lot of numbers in today's program but bear with us here we have just

a couple of more for you because with the vaccine production starting up around the world if we asked you to our social media channels if you would take a job against 9 teams they are the results of the largest proportion ever 40 percent said they'd rather wait and see before taking a vaccine 38 percent said they offer paths to take the vaccine and around 16 percent said they would not be willing to get immunized against 90. that was a bad as mentioning that are only just say immunization is the only way to get a grip on the coronavirus pandemic but it seems there is still a fair bit of skepticism around the vaccines we've seen developed in recent months well so from this edition of the call it 19 special for the latest developments on the corona virus pandemic go to our website dot com slash call it 19 console next time take a test a healthy. or

. oh africa. to environmentalist geoffrey of has made up his mind won't kill any more. visits rural areas every week for the conservation donna initiative and sensitizes the residents for the protection of the forest and the.

it's taking lives in more areas of society. artificial intelligence. gaps and. worse health. even eternal life to start to be possible. to see and psychiatric future my guess. what are the limits. made in germany. 60 minutes. to. form. in these challenging times it's especially important to us to wish you a happy and healthy home in the current of ours has kept us apart from family and friends all. easy to feel loved and especially during this holiday season we. were here with you we will keep you informed on all our plans for someone to remind

you we're all in this together we wish you happy holidays merry christmas everyone of them very merry festive season merry christmas and stacy happy holidays everyone happy holidays to you in new york city happy holidays even when it's freezing. hello everybody. coming to you from kampala uganda it is good to again as always we hope to report from the. things that people are doing to address environmental issues. in my co-presenting in nigeria hey sandra it's good to see you again. thanks for tuning in today's program all

over the continent a beautiful country and about again you wrote to shed light on some exciting new talk how one man in god i went from poaching to protect you. and printing and people making can be done sustainably well find out how and i'm eco friendly business idea for the pandemic you are a young south african advancing on by. conservation is defined as the preservation and efficient use of resources when it comes to nature we humans can choose to destroy it but as you regular viewers of africa know raising awareness is sometimes all it takes to convince a village a community always single person to commit to environmental protection here's an example from gotta. have. it so jeffrey is saying you know used to come to the forest

to kill animals now he comes to protect them parts of the forest became a refuge and the poacher has become a ranger he and his colleagues are documenting the traces wildlife leave behind and any destructive human activities now that poachers traps like this one are being removed there are more and loads here again. they look nice and. it's that i've been through with the good as well as he did it for lake of the ice. they thanked. the nathan is who. he said no to contend with. the documentation he works on enables inferences about which species live in the only pony endangered species refuge. jeffrey a failure has been working for the in geo her conservation gonna for 3 years and

receive the regular salary equivalent of 55 euros a month and all they'll be here and a lot of from here. in the. good job in to work and in the be i think. he's one of a 100 local people trained by the n.g.o.s forest rangers for once a month he replaces the batteries in the camera traps. the photos will help with the creation of a more detailed census of the forests inhabitants. slippery frog which only live in this region is one of several species here that are critically endangered but its population is growing much to the delight of the ngos founder. when we talk about just this kelly way you leave when your house in your neighborhood the destroyed you cannot survive nothing while the community was going

to this for 3 days how we resolved that one would become pains to reduce the consumption of this frog us food and the 2nd thing that we've done so very well one will suppose holds sauces the water for the people so that they don't need to come in bath and wash and use this stream. destroy the harbor thoughts of the flood. the n.g.o.s team works closely with the people living in the area offering help and information jeffrey if a neo is a member of what they call the behavior change group every week they visit villages in the area including good bye jamie where he lives to talk about ways to protect a forest and its animals. really have. many. general comments as we used. to kill 2 people. programs and all these things into.

2. parts of the people to put. this. the only pony endangered species refuge has recently been expanded by an area the size of $16000.00 soccer fields thanks to neighboring landowners and churches a significant achievement considering that ghana has lost 20 percent of its forest cover over the past 2 decades thanks for. the. tension these days but we still have to cope with the problems we face due to climate change christian communities on the coast in particular. rising sea levels. and loss of habitat that is indeed the case and that is why i say you're on your own. $14000000.00 project to build resilience in

a community we visit the tata islands to see how coastal erosion is affecting people there and also find out how they are fighting back. just 2 years ago it was possible for the people. to walk along the streets we called get to it but the rise in sea level has split one of sierra leone's tootle islands into. more than half of the island has disappeared the archipelago was once a bustling fishing community no 500 people have been forced to leave in the past few years because their homes we washed away by floods one of them. really built 2 houses on the island even the 2nd one is 13 by raising water. most of his belongings he says have already been carried out to sea.

having him live. because this is where i grew up and i've lived all my life here it's where i built my house 1st the water washed away the last trees and then he took my house with not i built another house but the lord take that one too now i have left the island and settled on a larger one nearer to the main out of the 5 for life for us 5 or settle now. suleiman cupboard couldn't afford to visit all the whole family on the mainland immediately his wife still lives on young guy and his children are with relatives starting a new life is expensive most people here live or no more than $0.10 a day suliman carbonneau tries to save some of the money he makes from fishing so

$1.00 day the rest of his family can join him now he lives on share boat island but even then he is afraid of flooding the threat of rising sea levels is very real. if you years ago waves broke through the flood wall. in order to restore the damage says sure the municipality and the government found international partners to finance this large scale project and this time they want to do it better ses the mayor we are worried that if we are to have to take such a decision. to restore in the 1st war and to also assure him that we maintain our greenmount. it would be disastrous for our people or several island this new embarkment to be almost 2 kilometers long in one meter taller than the highest tide measured so far. but the east a long way to go. many islanders don't yet

understand the danger of deforestation that tree cover would provide the island's a measure of natural resilience and would slow erosion. the authorities have started to involve the local population in measures to protect the climates man grooves have been planted fishermen alpha djalu looks in on the young man group plants nearly every day he say's the roots will bind the soil and protect it from being washed away in the rainy season or season one groove roots who help the ground become stable again if we don't plant here the problems will remain houses will be lost and people will have to migrate again the mom grooves in the embankment project giving hope sees. but he knows that

a lot more will need to be done to protect the homes in livelihoods of the cows and of people who still leave on shipboard and the smaller tittle islands. children to come to. one giant problem and lineage in on a little bit you are going. to be judging only a few feet. how well climate change affect us and our children. at e.w. dot com slash water. i mean i'm not only raised on hunted by the enemy but also for the high kill it's the ideal of a good day hunt but may be a fact if you stop but such things are being met with increasing criticism in europe vegan alternatives are in big demand one woman in france even to get

a job in law enforcement after signing the trend into a business idea here is doing good the. song designs bags and fashion accessories that are in a version of an environmentally friendly. or funky punky vegan what looks like leather is actually caught with a rather unusual coating. known i mean you know you difficult you know. this material is made of cactus if it but it's cactus that's been dried and turned into powder. sissy about lives in by you in northern france she only recently became the v.p. and she used to work in law enforcement with me but decided she wanted to do something more creative. she says business is good despite everything. he said

to us because there is the crisis but i'm in a nice beginning and a t's a know and there's still demand for that. make i see them on the. in europe demand for vegan fashion has increased more than 10 percent over 5 years for their very cool animal free bags song is in vogue. and how about you if you are also doing your big tell us about. visit our website or send us a tweet. hash tag doing your bit. we share your story. it is pretty obvious to all of us by now that the current pandemic requires us to make

a lot of changes in the way we conduct our life but it is also giving us a new perspective on how so many things are done even the simple things new ideas are much ink that can really benefit people and the environment in these trying times. that's right sondra in south africa a young man came up with a great new business venture it's eco friendly and has been well received in his cape town neighbor. young men in blue overalls cruising through the streets of longer in recent weeks the residents of the cape town suburb have gotten used to this site. this is the man behind the bicycle armada. hamlin is calling in courses. cloudy deliveries is the name of color because he's nearly found it business it's every service on bikes the 1st one in the township. he starts every day with

a team meeting. with the group discuss his goals and customer service practices. the idea for the business stems from his own experience. something and then you get something from. me and you know. so i think you know having someone you can call and read for. the delivery fleet is heading out. on him cause he doesn't have time to do deliveries any more days too much admin work to get done. since the 22 year old started. deliveries in january 2020 it has grown steadily and the coronavirus pandemic boosted the business even more today the team has around 20 delivery rides we follow one of them on his shift. this busy customer has asked 19 year old talk was easy to buy groceries and

a cell phone cover for her. i'm working from home flo it's very convenient for me because i don't have time to actually go to the store and i have to look up on my feet and. talk is easy cause a is heading to the supermarket the customers pay $9.00 rand per delivery roughly the equivalent of 50 u.s. sends the delivery rider gets 3 rand per delivery the remaining 6 rand goes to the company. youth unemployment in south africa is extremely high and the pandemic has only made things worse than talk was easy because i just finished school he wants to continue his studies one day but for now he's happy working as a delivery driver bar-lev much of it was very poor for on the road in helping people around the. edges. back at the headquarters the calls us still coming in every cyclist does $45.00 deliveries per day with many people forced to see.