and contempt culminated in forced sterilization under the nazis. this documentary examines the few traces that remain of their existence we call them the choke. storage january 11th on d w. local energy consumption rises every year many people's biological rhythms are no longer in sync with day and night but more with artificial light what does that mean for us our energy demands are also depleting natural resources renewable energies could help more if they were more efficient one idea is to use lenses to focus on light more precisely on the solar cells in the panel. welcome to tomorrow today the science show on the d w. plan. stuff

how do solar cells actually plug surface else are mainly composed of silicone. silicon atoms have full electrons in the outer shell and are stable but then the silicon is split into 2 layers. bosphorus is mixed into one like it has 5 electrons in its outer shell one too many which can orbit free. the 2nd layer is mixed with boron which has only 3 out electrons one to feel. that means the layer has gaps which attract the excess phosphorus electrons this creates a flow of negatively charged electrons from one layer to the other one layer loses electrons and becomes positive the other gains electrons and becomes negative creating 2 poles eventually all the gaps on the surface of the layers are occupied

the whole and the electrons are now too far apart to migrate balance with the sun comes in when some light hits the surface layer gets energy splits off one electron making a hole under so close electron. the electron is attracted to the positive and the homeschools another electron from the. down to replace the one longs which in turn is split off inside. the electrons which of arrived at the positive return by wanting it to the negative that's an electric power. and it flows as long as the sun shines. if solar energy is to enable commercial aviation and satisfy our electricity needs in the future and there's still a lot of work to be done. research is forging ahead. come up with

a new method of extracting even more power from sunlight. that's. what we've done instead of using normal silicon solar cells which have a maximum laboratory efficiency of 26 to 27 percent is to use somewhat more exotic cells their maximum lab efficiency is over 47 percent but they're expensive and above his expensive solar super cells yellowish months a panel of lenses each of which focuses sunlight on an individual cell throughout the day that boosts efficiency to 29 percent in real life conditions. the main challenge is making sure the light actually hits the cell if it doesn't and it won't produce any energy at all. and then it you know. we get an idea of how it works he uses a model to show how the lenses function each lens in the top panel focuses the sunlight on an exactly defined radius covering

a super cell. those cells are tiny barely one millimeter across. we use about $10000.00 cells per square meter and each has to have a high degree of tolerance. but now it's time for the engineers to put the lab behind them. right now we're still almost sticking everything together by hand with you but now the important step is going from the lab to mass production how can i produce a module every couple of minutes using machinery that's the really huge leap we're about to take that will fit in the us mafia. the european union is giving insulate almost $3000000.00 euros from its advent solar cell fund expensive science but worth it if you think the looting installation ourselves are about 20 percent more expensive but they produce 50 percent more energy and. improved utilization of

solar energy is one thing but it's also highly dependent on the weather it only makes sense when electricity storage facilities have been improved. lithium ion batteries are the standard today but scientists at switzerland's materials testing and research institute show us how dangerous they can be if the lithium ion cells insulation is compromised and the terminals come into contact with metallic objects such as coins the result can be disastrous. our approach to stabilizing the electrolytes involves a highly concentrated salt solution. the swiss researchers have developed a highly soluble salt that only needs a few drops of water here seen in fast motion to function as

a more conductive but much safer electrolyte in lithium ion batteries. that kind of storage battery would be enormously useful for storing solar energy in people cellars or in other very large batteries. to bridge the nighttime gap as well as bad weather. and the batteries are the ideal solution for delaying energy consumption for a few minutes or even days. solar energy for 5 days or the night time in future we could be storing it in less volatile batteries than we have today. it's energy that could become abundantly available thanks to a new generation of panels to collect it. ideally we wouldn't use any energy at all that's the idea behind the ancient dream the cultural motion machine that moves without any energy source but the laws of

physics teach us that it's not possible i can't eat everything up and simply hope the biscuit to pull itself. if i lose energy i have to replace it on the other hand . with that it. might just what. phoenix looks like. but it's actually an airplane or to be precise and unmanned aerial vehicle. it's to. the prototype the wings and tail will be added shortly we joined the team amid preparations for the 1st test flight. the researchers have chosen a huge building for their 1st attempt to get phoenix into the air a tense moment for its inventors. scientists from various universities and companies in britain spent 3 years working on phoenix. aerodynamics professor andrew rainey hands up the team. says.

the goal was to build an aircraft that could propel itself without the need for an engine. has been around for a long time i've 150 years and it's used underwater for remotely operated vehicles so there are various things called droit is used underwater for surviving but nobody's made it work in 84 because there is a sound sometimes less dense in water that the physical process is more complicated phoenix is filled with helium the material for the outer hull had to be developed specially it needed to be lightweight but dense enough to prevent the tiny helium molecules from seeping through. the wings are made of lightweight carbon fiber both the wings and tail carry solar panels to provide the plane with power some is stored in batteries meaning phoenix can also fly at night. this is phoenix and it's

fully assembled staines the aircraft will likely be used as an atmospheric satellite or pseudo satellite either for telecommunications or for things like land surveillance after natural disasters to see where help is most needed one of the possibilities is as a suit our satellites are being able to do surveillance and monitoring and for that it would fly at 20000 meters and 20000 meters because that's where the weather is the most benign the. winds are much lower than they are on the surface phoenix is 15 meters long and weighs just $120.00 kilos without the helium. that means it requires very little power. its huge advantage is that because it has no engine it doesn't need to carry any fuel that means it can remain airborne for weeks or months at a time the mix is also relatively cheap to manufacture. it's propelled by what's

known as variable buoyancy propulsion this is how it works. and is lighter than air and therefore pulls the aircraft upwards the underside is equipped with 2 compressors which draw in air from outside and compress it filling a bag inside the aircraft. that makes the plane heavier causing it to sink again. the air is then pumped out making the aircraft lighter and causing it to rise again this ability to believe as it were moving up and down combines with the lift generated on its wings to move it forward. half the time phoenix is heavier than air like an airplane. the other half it's lighter than air like a balloon. the model has been through countless tests in wind tunnels.

andrew ray is responsible for the aerodynamics and elements he's keen to improve further. using lasers and smoke his team is able to show how the air flows around the model. they needed to establish the most efficient design to allow the aircraft to maximize the use of its kinetic energy. after 3 years of development the prototype was ready for its 1st test flight. and it was a success phoenix flew in waves down the 120 metre long hangar exactly as it was designed to do.

we were all pleasantly surprised that it worked as well as it did. we initially had hoped to. do one series of tests where was like the narran one had to navigate through so well to begin with that we were able to do multiple transitions between the 2 when it flew forward repeatedly during the flight testing. work is now underway to build the next prototype it's said to be 4 times as miss phoenix and capable of flying at the target altitude of 20000 meters. the earth by night covered by an iraqi of tiny luminous dots it could be beautiful in another context electric light does make modern life possible independent from the 24 hour day might rhythm would have freedom but also what a catastrophe it confuses the environment and least spend too much time an artificial ice and also nothing in essential sunlight time for an experiment.

these 3 people are exposed to different levels of light during their day. boss john works in an office which means spending long hours in artificial light. thomas is a go to herd and is mostly outdoors. then there's not be. a doctor who works as a surgeon in a hospital and she works at night when her body is telling her it's dark and time to go to bed. we equip our test subjects with a special device that measures the brightness and composition of the like they're exposed to. and then we track them around the clock for a week. we want to know how much and what type of light our test subjects are

exposed to and when. sleep researcher alfred riata and light expert because it analyze the results. what will they show how much like do our subjects receive at what time of day. tomas the go to tends to be out in the open with natural like the lord even in gloomy weather he's subject to several 1000 locks per day. after sundown he manages without a television or mobile phone which both emit a lot of blue light and are disruptive. this shows the amount of natural light thomas is exposed to over the course of several days in the. mall going on site there's a very high a luminance in the morning and around noon up to $7000.00 lux dollars and looks on

and in the afternoon it drops significantly. around 100 lux or lowered looks on need. and at night the light exposure is reduced to an absolute minimum of absolute and many more that would see it is in accordance with the natural danger night rhythm effect the stock knocked over at most and pushed. john's case that takes place almost exclusively indoors despite having large windows he always turns on the light but artificial light is usually very weak whereas gold heard thomas can reach 7000 lux bastions level is just 220 buss channel so spends most of his evenings in front of a t.v. or computer screen in addition to being low light they emit primarily blue light this lowers the wake sleep regulating hormone melatonin and reverses his energy rhythm essentially turning back his biological clock and the result for us john is

this modest hour by hour exposure to light on a typical working day there and not have to cut in but while working in the office we have $200.00 to $220.00 lux which is far short of daylight is the bite and found on that stack and what we notice is that he still has a relatively high illuminance after work until he goes to bed. who are. at this so and that he definitely has a negative effect on his sleep wake behavior and. and they got to 5 years old. now dean is a doctor who likewise works with little light most of it artificial. and sometimes with practically none. under come i'm just arrived for a night shift saturday night which no one likes to see but i'm not properly rested even after. commission. but she needs to be wide awake

not least when stitching up the wound at 1 am. the surgery room light is particularly strong which helps right now but for her biological clock it's unnatural outside of course it's dark. if she's lucky and it's a quiet night nadine will be able to take a break and catch up on her sleep. but it's only a matter of time until she's called to the next patient which means getting up again pronto. the rude enough to 50 even so my night shift is over and my colleague is now taking over for the daytime shift as a bitch to try i'm cafe but you can't really look forward to going home when you know you'll be back again this evening when it was. and this is what her light exposure chart looks like. in. common for the 1st

3 days you can see a relatively good day night rythm after that her night shifts begin. and then there's no daylight rhythm at all as far as light exposure is concerned the least exposed and so on when she's more or less exposed to continuous lighting. and also because that's. and that constant light is anything but natural. her biological clock has no means of orientation. in order to reset her clock back to normal she needs daylight in the morning between 8 and noon a time of day 3 subjects differ substantially in exposure. the blue line shows the light on a typical morning for office worker boss john read his that of dr 19 and greene heard tomas whose exposure is 10 times higher in those crucial morning hours. so

how can the office worker and doctor get more like. we'll have the solution for you in a moment but 1st of all be honest how much you have to rely on artificial light and if you have strategies for avoiding too much of it's. brown says they don't have too much artificial light in nigeria so they don't really depend on it. and rising from colombia most had tells us it really makes this so that light pollution means she can see the greatest show on earth the milky way it's like a cascade of diamonds sparkling in the sky. and factor tells us that pakistan's rural areas have barely any artificial light at night the people there are healthier than city people they're also very strong emotion in me they stay calm worry less and mostly smile thanks for writing in.

even if in some regions night time still looks like night time the world as a whole has been getting brighter recently. many professions are rescheduling work to happen over night some only work at night but how can you stay healthy despite that. that's still a daylight experiment. spends most of his days outdoors so he gets plenty of natural light in the evenings he tends to avoid screens with their high blue spectrum output he's just fine but boss johns' office job means he has a serious light deficit problem and not just because his office is too dark understating and office workers are keeping rhythms are completely disrupted. we should try to adjust his biological clock. so he'll be more capable and alert in

the morning 51 for highest for boss john that means for. first thing in the morning it's out into the fresh air and natural daylight not exactly a grueling task skipping one stop on the subway into work is all it takes. we also install a standard daylight lamp on his desk for him to use during the morning that way he's getting 2000 lux even in the office. and in the evening a book is always better than a screen. measurements show just how even a smartphone can influence our sleep patterns normal display light is dominated by the blue spectrum that suppresses melatonin the hormone that steers our weak sleep rhythm however many smartphones now feature a filter called night shift it cuts down the blue spectrum components sharply. it lets you use your smartphone without feeling guilty about disrupting your sleep

the stuff they start out. but others do this is the time to see something with a day like last time and walking in broad daylight i got the feeling that i get tired very much earlier at night and want to go to sleep. when traffic gives me it gets on my nerves a bit because i like to stay up late. and. what i don't feel like i'm struggling to get through the day like i used to before this whole experiment published michoud t. just. instead and quite often much more alert. hospital doctrinaire dean really gets much daylight and her chips go counter to her biological clock adrenalin is what keeps her remarkably awake at work the. field she's doing a lot right she's limited by her night shifts of course what is important is that she at least grabs whatever sleep she can when on shift. the sleep experts offer

her another suggestion after a night shift should try specially colored glasses which filter out that studies are melatonin level and she'll sleep easier when she gets home the experiments outcome is that the most important thing is to get a lot of natural daylight preferably in the morning that way the biological clock settles into its natural rhythm and also to try to go without screens in the evening and if night chips are a must then only a few of them at a time grouped together a well maintained biological clock never needs reminding. so sunlight is just that much we know it also helps us to produce essential for development and also said to boost the immune system but getting the right amount of sunlight is important too much. isis unhealthy the will of long ago tapped into

the sun's 24 hour over them it's regulated human life for thousands of years but did it become a balance amos from zambia wanted to know more. how was the son created. it's been burning away for over 4 and a half 1000000000 years and it's not even halfway through its projected lifespan. one in which human history is just the blink of an eye. but while we may be just a transitory moment in cosmic terms we are at least able to study the life cycle of the sun. our galaxy is home to billions of other stars like it. space telescopes have given astronomers a closer look at how stars evolve. our own son was born from

a cloud of gas and dust over the course of millions of years. it's a magical process reproduced here on a computer. this cloud of dust contains regions of dense a gas like pearls on a necklace. the astral embryos that emerge there continue growing until they have sufficient must to ignite the sun spire. if outlet is red why are latin even made. to you have a science question that you've always wanted on state we're happy to help out with a little i think as a video text ovoid smell if we answer it on this show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you can i just ask. you to find us on the. d.w. dot com slash science or check us out on twitter. that's

all from tomorrow and today for this week next time we'll be looking at the power of thought to be able to operate machines just by thinking the 1st models are already being tested more on that next week to see them. the footman.

in the far north. it's lonely. and breathtakingly beautiful. arctic. took a journey around the north pole meet profiteers. people experiencing a changing environment more than once life within the arctic circle. 75 w.

the most. extraordinary personality stories that. really. looks like the best of our reporters the best abuse of. both models. people who would like to commit. in these difficult times this is especially important to us to wish you all happy in the wrong the violence has come to some awful family and friends all here and it's easy to assume along the celestially during this holiday season we as you w. want to tell you mike here with the humility of all the love and love so i'm seeing your mind to mourn him this way tsunami in your name and your among the 1000000 stars incident you company everyone to meet you and your assistance to

states and help in other. states. of. the loop through the. legs. of. leds. led.

this is news live from berlin corona virus alarm sounding in the u.k. the country it's a new record of more than $50000.00 daily infections piling more pressure onto the outstretched health service also on the program that is rocked by a powerful earthquake drummer caused widespread damage in the capital so i grabbed and elsewhere one person has been reported killed. and he shook up the fashion world with his futuristic creations and turned his name into a lucrative global brand french designer. at 98.

welcome to the program public health officials in the united kingdom say the government needs to take decisive action to bring down over 1000 infections new cases jumped from a record 41000 on monday to more than 53000 on tuesday despite tougher strictures in place across much of the country hospitals are already treating more coronavirus patients than at the peak of the pandemic in april and the numbers forecast to climb even higher in the coming weeks. well he joins me for more he's a viral just with the lead caster university in england dr tell us what is. so difficult to bring these cases down in the united kingdom.

i think major emphasis at the moment is really to bring the number down and we knew that this time of the year is particularly notorious for the infectious diseases because this is the longest time for holidays and quite a lot of celebrations going on intermingling of the families getting into the winter meaning that less went elation and so on so these are really feeling in the number of cases and on top of every day but if it's not you put the widest agreed we have a new variant which is more transmissible and today that indicate that 56 percent of higher transmissibility has been reported for this new variant so all together is really a favorable to jewish and for the virus to carry on in fact into people over because we still have 80 percent of the people that are susceptible to the infection so the prospect isn't unfortunately not that good can you give us a picture of the strain that the national health service is under right now across the country. well if we don't really look onto the could and that we know there are

62 percent of the infections or belonging to this new variant and this new variant is carrying 23 mutations compared to the older strain and out of those 20 mutation 3 of them are very critical of the spike but again and now since the announcement last week by and of course we have done some of the analysis but in the scientific communities and it appeared that those mutation in the spike that we're doing is allowing the virus to stick to other cells more strongly and therefore this new variant is more feature in replication and therefore higher widest load in the infected person so more higher. more in teacher of the virus in the body mean more transmissibility and that's all it is taking the whole population on to the knee so if you can translate that to us non-doctors non viral just out there how worried should we be about that variant. well if we look on truly couldn't there is

no evidence that this new variant would have a higher or severe form of the disease as well that is really good and we also know that it's probably would not impact on 2 of the vaccine f a k c so that is also very good don't we think that if we are worried about is its transmissibility so if if the person is in fact at this video likely going to transmit this infection to the nearby person so trust me civility is meaning basic and that we'll have more infections and more infections mean more hospitalization and more hospital elspeth allies asian mean unfortunately more fatalities so ultimately it will take a bigger call on to the human house so that's why we had we are standing at the moment what would you say to government officials and public health officials what needs to be done to get this under control they're keeping new tiers being put in place or are we looking towards tier 567 where does this end. i think the important

thing here is that we are having one of the key bases 2020 percent more inspections and as you described a higher number of inspection than ever been to corded but in this damage so this means certainly something we need to be done we can't simply ignore that huge looking on to the future course affective and i can assure you that the number of cases we are having on the 1 dollar coming out of the christmas and festive season because those will be coming later so what all the number will increase significantly so this mean either we have to significantly roll out the vaccine as quickly as possible as long as possible and also move on to have 5 that mean we have to put the whole country. on a very strict restrictions and along with the schools along with the universities to we'll you block the country in the bay that the movement is top and the number of inspection go down because until we don't really do that meaning that we will certainly not have a bit on to this pandemic in near future dr mohamad moneer joining us from

lancaster university thank you very much for those insights thank you very much really for having me us vice president elect harris has been given the covert 1000 back seen live on television. but the incoming biden administration is aiming to boost confidence in vaccinations president elect joe biden got his 1st shot live on t.v. last week he takes office in 3 weeks and plans to make tackling the pandemic his top priority. now let's look at some of the other developments in the pandemic belarusan argentina have become the 1st countries outside russia to launch mass vaccination campaigns using the sputnik v. vaccine that shot has still not completed late stage trials that ensures its safety and efficacy thailand is offering to your work permits to undocumented migrant workers the government hopes that will move that will help curb the spread of covert 19 by encouraging migrants to access testing and health care and the e.u.

has called for the media release of a chinese citizen journalist who was jailed for reporting on the early outbreak of the pandemic in. john has was handed a 4 year jail term on monday let's take a look at some of the other stories making headlines right now argentina's senate is debating whether to legalize abortion activists for and against the proposed bill are gathered outside congress where lawmakers are likely to vote early on wednesday the legislation has already passed the lower house despite objections from from influential opponents like argentine pope francis. tens of thousands of protesters in nepal that called for the ouster of prime minister that all the at a rally in katmandu they urged him to reverse his decision to dissolve parliament the protest was organized by a splinter group of the governing communist party. turkey's top court has ruled

that prominent philanthropist and businessman. detention does not violate his right to liberty and security he has spent more than 3 years in jail without a conviction on charges related to the failed coup in 2016 the european court of human rights has called for his release. now a powerful earthquake has hit the central part of croatia and the tremors have been felt all around the region it's killed at least 6 people including a young girl and injuring many others the epicenter was 50 kilometers southeast of the capital zagreb. as the dust settles a dramatic rescue. one of many. people across kuwait show were caught off guard by the massive earthquake and.

suffered the consequences. hardest hit was the town of patricia. residents are rattled and distressed. the army and rescue workers spent hours searching for people trapped under the debris from collapsed roofs and entire buildings it is the 2nd earthquake in as many days on monday a $5.00 quake already hit the region moreover this is the 3rd massive earthquake in crew a ship this year. but this year is ending just as it began we are experiencing a very similar situation here as after the earthquake in march in zagreb we are putting all of the state services at the citizens disposal the army and the national guard are on duty in both of the hardest hit towns katrina and sees all of the trooper that are you know you're still seeing. this series of aftershocks led

residents to spend most of the day outside too fearful to remain indoors. these nursing home residents were evacuated and forced to brave the cold. others huddled on the streets not an ideal situation in times of corona. but for those still in shock and seemingly safer option. at least 15 journalists and media employees have been killed in connection with their work in the last year that's according to the latest annual report from reporters without borders the watchdog group says most of these journalists lost their lives in countries that aren't at war and were often targeted for trying to expose crime and corruption. in mexico a country with one of the world's highest murder rates and the worst part journalists the country has been plagued by violence related to drugs gangs for years. the danger faced by reporters trying to investigate poses

a threat to democracy in the world's largest spanish speaking nation. people are afraid that information will be linked and organized crime will track us down because we revealed something or reported something that we should not have. reporters without borders says 8 journalists were killed in mexico and 2020 more than in any other country iraq afghanistan pakistan and india also reported several journalist deaths during the past year. without borders 2020 also saw the 1st execution of a journalist in 3 decades. and exiled a rainy and journalist living in europe was kidnapped last year during a trip to iraq to run convicted and executed him over his online reporting of anti-government protests in 2017. and 2020 also brought with it

a new threat the coronavirus pandemic reporters without borders says it is impossible to know how many journalists were exposed but while going about their work the organization says at least 3 reporters died after contracting the virus. legendary french fashion designer p.r. card dog has died at the age of $98.00 cars started making waves in the 1950 s. revolutionizing the industry with his futuristic looks he was also a commercial innovator producing ready to wear collections and licensing his licensing his name worldwide long before it was in vogue to do so. don presented his extravagant creations on international catwalks for over 6 decades the paris designer was one of the most innovative and productive fashion designers in the world. this government i've been working professionally for 60 years and i've created over 4000 dresses and i never sold the originals. born in

italy in 1022 pietro cut dini emigrated with his family to france by the 1940 s. he changed his name to pierre cut down and was one of the most ambitious young designers in paris by 947 he was working for do your and just 3 years later he went solo surprising the fashion world with his creativity. he was known for his generous colors and geometric designs. they designed modeled his men's collection himself the beatles commissioned him to design matching suits for them cartoons fashion was considered revolutionary catching the fun of the 1960 s. . good on him a book with many people hated my work at that time and i found my dresses strange too provocative like this where you could see the naked breasts from 1959 on the

master of also made high fashion available to the masses donna is considered the founder of predator portray bringing exclusive paris fashions to department stores around the world he became one of the richest men in france and launched hotel. it's decorated in his own distinctive style. even in his mid eighties cut down didn't consider retiring only both guys and tell continue to work until i die as long as i don't get too much rheumatism and can still walk and think then i'll carry on and i can't imagine my life any other way i have everything a man could want. one said his favorite item of clothing is one he creates for a life that does not yet exist the world of tomorrow. checking in on the top story we're following for you the u.k. has hit a new record of more than 50000 daily kovan 1000 infections public health experts

say the government needs to take decisive action to relieve the growing pressure on the health system. that's all for now coming up next is on his business news you can always visit our website w dot com follow us on twitter and instagram at u.w. news thanks for watching. they want to know what makes the dentist. join. the way from. alive. and everyone with later holes in every. day are you ready to meet the gym and then join me right just do it on.