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like to move information on the coronavirus or any other science topic you should really check out our podcast so you can get it wherever you can get your podcast you can also find us at. science. mt classrooms and empty playgrounds and nursery schools. it's pretty much the same picture around the world. to cut the number of corona virus infections schools and kindergartens remain shut. when can they open again and if so under what conditions that's the question most parents ask. children need an education but they also need to be protected from the virus a difficult balance. welcome to the night in special and news i'm going to get

jones and bill in good to have you with us it's 2021 and the pandemic still dictates our life and that of our children of course now there's talk of prolonging the lockdown again no school no kindergarten but our kids really at risk a recent study implies yes they are. children are generally not considered to be driving the spread of the corona virus but researchers in munich analyzed blood samples from $12000.00 children and what they found has the more. we have and can know with children for antibodies against the corona virus and we found that around 6 times as many children had had the infection as would have been expected so we do if. you see history shows us that children definitely do get infected and that they can take the infection home with them now how was it. that

so many of the samples from the children tested positive came as a surprise to professors who headed the study she thinks that in many cases the children only had mild symptoms or none at all so the infection wasn't detected so next sunday in the 1st we had no idea what the rate of an e. tekton cases was but now we see that it 6 times higher that can reflect the fact that children tended not to be tested as often so the number of cases was underestimated and. side on to shots. that children often don't get tested is something this father experienced. when cope at 19 broke out in his son's daycare center it was mainly the educators who got tested the children were just sent home to quarantine. concerns on this new to have to say that i was concerned so we decided to play it safe and have the children and

ourselves tested so as to have certainty. if. it turned out that both his children had indeed been infected even though they exhibited no symptoms. nevertheless the local health authority didn't have all the other children in the daycare center tested you're going to house them back says it should have. how does from goes on with this because i mean it was a big mistake not to test the children apart from my 2. i was basically the only one in quarantine by the phone or the parents of the 90 other children continue to go to work. and how they may have spread the disease without knowing it by talking on a service and. another thing house them back can't understand is that although adults are being told to not meet up in their free time in the daycare center all the children are in one big group rather than in small groups. of

course not every risk can be eliminated says professor siegler who carried out the munich study but she says that if the government wants to keep schools and daycare centers open as long as possible they have to institute stricter hygiene rules and often also we have to assume that children definitely also get this disease and i think that we have to take more precautionary measures in schools and daycare centers. and the same rules smaller groups social distancing hygiene ventilation should apply there too. just like everywhere else if only because children also contribute to the spread of the infection. so that means that at present at hearing to strict hygiene rules and carrying out more covert tests in suspected cases is probably the best way to keep infections in

day care centers to a minimum. and for more i'm joined now by donna father professor at the department of microbiology and immunology at columbia university and she's also the co-author of an article on distinct antibody responses to sars kind of 2 in children and adults across the covert $900.00 clinical spectrum and she conducted a study called children's untrained immune response. seems to be key to eliminating sars coast to a lot to talk about here and that would be the very 1st question so from what we've heard. children infected with the risk of 2 they often don't show any symptoms why is that well there could be 2 main reasons for that one is that the virus just doesn't infect as well so there might be something about the cells in the respiratory track of children that are different that just don't allow as productive had a confection so we still don't know whether that might be

a reason and the other is that the children mount a very effective normal bust immune response and are able to clear the virus before they get severe symptoms and i mean a child's immune system is still has to learn a lot as opposed to an adult if i understand it correctly and my t. cells seem to play a key role here kids a better equipped it seems lies that. well children are designed to respond to new pathogens because they have a whole arsenal of t. cell that are new t. cells that have the ability to respond to pathogens these are called naive t. cells and children are producing these all the time where is adults don't have many i.e. t. cells because we've generated memory over a life time and we aren't producing new t.v.

cells anymore so children are well adapted to respond to new pathogens they have these new t. cells see they mount a robust response however adults only have memory cells and or they have mostly memory cells so they're going and what they've seen before so normally adults are better equipped to respond to pathogens that they've seen many times like influenza are a city so compared to a child adults are responding much more effectively they don't get as sick because they've seen these over time have built up these memory responses with provide protection nearly where is chiltern dealt but now we're looking at a situation where both the children or adults are seeing a new pathogen and now the children have all the cells the new t. cells to respond were adults are not they do not have as many cells to respond but to children they don't have the right do they also have an advantage when it comes

to the long lasting effects of covert 19 and we we've heard with adults that there are cases of heart failure of the long term health issues they have to deal with even when they were ill when they're actually had to cope at 19 what do we know about children so far. well i mean we know that there seems to be some long lasting effects of code in 1000 even from adults that are that weren't hospitalized initially and those are there certain coagulation defects and it could be due to the very strong inflammatory response we know that there's a lot of markers in meters of inflammation that is a virus seems stimulate in shoulder and that can also happen so this of your disease and children there is one manifestation which is called multi inflammatory syndrome and children and that can potentially cause long lasting effects although this far follow up has not shown that these children really have long lasting

effects so initially they were presented in sort of cardio heart problems but so far this hasn't shown to be long lasting about the quagga lation defect certainly young adults have shown that and have have have actually developed strokes but in terms of b.b.c. young children there's just not enough evidence to suggest that that's also happening in children so so just very briefly yes or no basically because there's this big discussion about reopening schools and kindergartens yes or no should we or shouldn't we. i think we need to but we need to protect the children in terms of i mean we need to to still be wearing masks and and have these precautions in schools but it would be better to open it because there they don't seem to be the super spreaders all right professor farber there from columbia university joining us from new york thank you so much for your time and your

insights. thank you. well time for your questions now and over to our science correspondent derrick williams. is it possible to test positive for cave 19 and its antiquities at the same time. tricky question to answer it we need a quick refresher on the terminology antibodies our immune system proteins that can be detected by what are called serial logical tests generally from blood samples if you have antibodies that are specific to covert 19 that indicates that you were exposed to the corona virus at some point in the past whether you develop symptoms or not. diagnostics like antigen and p.c.r. tests on the other hand are for detecting the virus or it's genetic material so they're supposed to tell you whether you have an active infection this question

therefore basically boils down to can i have an active infection yet at the same time be producing detectable amounts of antibodies against it yes you can but but finding both involves getting the timing right that's because there's some overlap between when an infection is in full swing and the ramp up of the body's immune response in general experts say it takes a patient's body between one and 3 weeks to produce detectable amounts of the different antibodies that play a key role in fighting off covert 19 researchers in new york found that even patients producing antibodies in those measurable amounts however could continue to test positive for the virus for up to 4 weeks after their symptoms resolved what the team couldn't determine was whether that viral genetic material was actually

coming from an active viable virus p.c.r. testing doesn't tell you that although that's really what you want to know it just tells you whether there are intact pieces of viral r.n.a. in a sample. that it will be back tomorrow keep your questions coming that's all for now from me that he thanks for watching. really is the toughest in durance race around. 1200 kilometers with a dog sled. in the far north of norway. and with. not to click no sleep. any more questions then off we go to fin marks lopez close up. next on d w. because india. protecting these 2 sides moving.

in search of puerto rico and florida delicious current urban farmers are preventing the use spices from being caught in. the desert as on land possible or did not a single drop of water is wasted and their inland quickly turns green. 60 meters long t.w. . young moroccan emigrants. they know the police will stop them. they know that the road is not a solution. they know their flights could be fatal. going back is not an option. i'm on and probably are stuck in the

spanish border area alongside other young people there waiting for a chance that will probably never come. shattered dreams starts january 18th on t.w. . every year as the extreme north of norway hosts an epic 1200 kilometer ranks in which competitors find a way in which you icy wasteland there's. the famous phrase is kind of like my birthday in a little. receive all round one for 8 days the competitors or motions and that kind of. pushed to the absolute limits of how your form is something you chose to do and it's what it's like a journey into yourself. if you will prevail in this grueling insurance challenge

lasting for a week with sleep a rare luxury dogs are starting to go the way. and i'm getting a little bit. so who threw in the when. the hard work starts. in the finn mouth region of norway september 29th. here inside the arctic circle panel u.i. is preparing for the longest dog sled race thing your honor. can i just follow masha discussed how many dogs they have with them and which ones they'll have to leave behind the you will. see.

coming. my little driving dogs and so i couldn't stand up straight and i've been around dogs for all my life so when i was younger dogs were like my best friend so i've always. always like seeing the world with a dog or through a dog's eyes. the new. parents try. i have some tourism especially from the growing popularity of tourists the family has more than 80 dogs all of them hybrid. they've been trained in social skills on a highly giora bill with

a strong cardiovascular system and they love to run. we always start going for one and then i was just going to say we can always increase the distance and then the speed but these are long distance stones so they're never really run faster than 17 kilometers an hour. now ford bore 70 kilometers west of outer. bend folx lifting up with his family and 35 and last can house gates originally from germany he met his wife while studying geography and alsa in 2010 the couple bought this old family. home so yes a very good girl. with

us we need to warn you. that we have me on. water or that all should we go and fetch that too that's the this is the breakfast and that's basically a mixture of meat and driving water with important for that i'll be taking care of the docks is a full time job for a band. his wife is a teacher at the finish school because i'm a country is on display here ones are you could say we're living our dream we have a great place to live for and have so much freedom i may have to have children in our own dogs it's just beyond words. which type. ben started dogsleds racing more than 10 years ago and has also won a number of awards for the way he handles his animals the wonder then that the 560 why not all they're bred for this purpose and want to run but it's genetic so you can use the dogs but never should have the response you have to know them inside

out from training and living with my that so you know what their limits are and you know you should never push them beyond their you expense imports for a measure he was not even norwegian let alone local those distinctions are a fairy special honor. doesn't mean or this is ruby that basically the queen are most importantly dog there's always i was i was i think so i thought they were pretty big paddles and sometimes they had their disputes like in a school rush week and i saw one side of. it. and as their leader you have to master the art of creating a positive part so we work together as a team. but his focus is on the mend. and hannah still have another 5 months to prepare for the film out for ace. $402.00 it is the ultimate challenge of course you can meet bad weather and you get

an injured dog and you get tired and exhausted so always use all these things together for. like a week and a lot of people. until the snow pack is firm enough for the sleds the docs train with the court on solid ground and there has to repeatedly push on the brakes to stop the team going too fast over the entire season from august through late may they cover almost 10000 kilometers. in the evening her friends family and staff gather for dinner the top subject of discussion is as ever well preparations for the race a going today they are joined by a high profile guest and named legend. who won the event 3 time. training going ok. yes i hope so over the mobile i don't think we did enough training. in terms of kilometers yes last year we had

650 and now we only have around 300 and it's already the 19th you from when it's not enough. and his performances have also attracted sponsors this season she's getting funding from a doc food manufacturer together with other successful mushes making hannah the youngest member of the world's 1st professional dog sled squad although other than sharing a sponsor the marshes are not really a team each competing fairy much for themselves. part of the team is like the biggest mushers in the world and for me it's an opportunity to. learn from the best so now i'm a part of that and i also have a few other sponsors and for me. i don't have a full time job or i'm not fully educated i have to have sponsors if not

i won't be able to do what i love to do every single day. then has to make do without financial backus. being a non-native makes him less attractive for no weekend companies. and only the very best mushes managed to secure lucrative sponsorship deals. mushing is becoming increasingly sport a fight up here it's hugely popular now with a growing number of people going professional. we're now starting to see big money sponsors sponsor teams is a sides of sudanese as a family based category it's hard for us to keep up with our. mushing means investing a lot of time and money on the dogs need to be put through their paces for the entire season from walk us through the end of may the financial outlay for their

food and equipment poses an additional challenge for the family. we always worked out that the animals cost us $30.00 to $40000.00 euros a year. we'd love to keep them and also do the race thing so we're taking the plunge by asking if guests might want to go on a tour with us or for some sort of the tour itself and is able to recover some of the expenses by offering docks to tourists which also provide further training for the animals although that venture is compromised by having to tailor the tours to the wishes of his guests. 6 months on march 20 twentieth's and if in mark's looking is about to begin the toughest dog sled race in your us with 1200 icy kilometers awaiting the competitors. but ben has doubts as to whether his team is in top shape. he wouldn't they haven't done those long distances so far this year but have had to work really hard. not to

be on board in the spirit i hope she puts on another good showing this year oh sure . the clown in the team has been great in the preparation it's. the dokes get a pretty race check up from veterinarians otherwise the national out to compete. and ben is worried about the swelling on this one's leg. such as we will be our doctor says that if he has sound alternatives she'd suggest taking a different dog. fortunately all the other docs are ok giving the green light for ben's team. and i take a photo of you next to each other pretty. well that's a good. plan there is accompanied by her mother from one checkpoint to the next trina competed in the race herself a number of times you have so much work with the dogs and to be able to be top 5

top 7 in a race like this it's very very hard because so many are good they know what they're doing and you have to have some luck but you also have to be very good yourself. it's party time in. no ways maine public t.v. station has daily updates off the race. this huns hotfix and has been covering the event for more than a decade. mung among them it's getting bigger every year it's a multi-faceted sport and isn't throwing to watch. so. the starting positions are drawn by knots with ben in 14th the fields comprises 30 teams from scandinavia plus a couple of contestants from germany and switzerland who all the more you are

desperate to get going i just hope we get off to a good start and then run our own. on a journey that will take 8 days and 8 nights ben sets out on the initial stage. the 1st checkpoint is 12 hours away. among the nonstarters local girl hannah. with no t.v. live at the scene. you already won the 500 kilometer race and the 1200. their traditional worlds we just want to decent finish for the what's the best part of the race being out there alone with my dogs the i want to enjoy and good luck to . all that matters now with the finish with no more interruptions. the rule is a simple once out in the wild they're not allowed to have any assistance. over

the next 8 days the marshes are granted one extended break of 14 alice with short breezes always allowed to stage one is 132 kilometers and the longest. has little let up for the mushy as they literally dig deep and have to push their sled through the snow especially uphill. the checkpoints are manned by more than $600.00 volunteers taking care of the dogs. almost 12 hours in hanna arrives that checkpoint and now every 2nd counts she's solely responsible for feeding the ducks the pack up emitted to take on nourishment but outside the checkpoint the fast manages to feed the dogs and get them wrapped up for the night the good be able to get some shuteye has so for an hour or 2 it's

a routine hannah has practiced dozens of times we rested 2 hours. on the thrill of not. alone snow but. it's not the. almost 2 hours later then also reaches the 1st checkpoint with some bad news. one of his best told sprained his shoulder after stepping into a hole. if more than 8 of the 14 strong team failed to finish the race it's game over and the early loss of york mark is a bit of a setback for ben. unfortunately you have all the other teams breaking which creates did it. and then you have a dilemma. you want to help the dogs lots of breaks but then get the portrayal for . whatever. i do for. 10 minutes

later then 6 out again from the checkpoint he prefers to catch a couple of hours now in his sleeping bag out on the trail away from the hustle and bustle of the help as cam. can take some more luck surest option and is able to get 2 hours' sleep thanks to your families camper van being parked at each checkpoint. but she has no time to chant nothing can stand in the way of her hopefully finishing 1st. as her boyfriend mathias knows and lee too well she is so focused and she goes in life in the bubble where you just think you're going for the race schedule and you are going through the checkpoint routine just thinking about what you what you're going to do. bend then hand i now have 2 long stay just ahead of them totaling 223 kilometers the route takes them along

a river by the finnish border daytime temperatures are already below 0 celsius as the dogs plow their way through this soft snow. it's now been 48 hours since the starting alta. at 330 in the afternoon when reaches the checkpoint. over the past 48 hours historic stuff each burned up 24000 calories now they have to eat as much as possible before they get tired. then barely has time to sneak. a little over 3 hours on the slide you come close to falling off. but it's ok if you're constantly focused on the dogs it's something you chose to do and it's fun it's like a journey into yourself. and ben is not the only one showing signs of wear

from the past 48 hours ruby his lead dog has picked up an injury this is how you can cool the area and you try to massage upwards towards the heart mark you want to argue i sure don't know but when you remove the ice don't spend too much time massaging you need to get some rest and sleep and the dogs to hand off. the fin mark races a monumental test and beast unlike. thank you and you have the human. and. this is the most important dog the brain of the team this team's it'll be interesting to see if it works at this from. while ben gets a much needed if brief bit of rest hannah gets ready to get back on the trail. but surely racing at night is even more demanding for the musher. the difference

between driving the night. is a bit easier to stay awake when it's light when i'm on this flight i falsely often not long at a time. to. try to stay away. from your running to. me it's a bit colder and there are more a way. to say they enjoy it. shortly afterwards the snow fall starts to get heavier as the storm. i haven't slept a wink. i'd lay down in my bed seeing these wild images all i could think about was

her. and now we have this weather coming up there so it's going to be a pretty tough stage over the mountain. the old lady is a bit over. yeah i think that's it. for. tonight heading up into the mountains where the. no no mercy then there's the deep snow slowing down the sleds 2 teams have already had to give up but the talks

certainly need no pushing the mushers wouldn't need to use whips and reins even if they were allowed the animals tend to dictate the pace because hannah can testify but now it's time for her 14 hour break we were dogs in our story. and i'm getting tired. slowly through from the warmth of the hard work starts. and then they embark on a 20 hour trek north east during which connor is able to overtake something romney feels he's already moved up from 20th on the starting grid to 8 less than 2 hours behind the race leader bennett struggling some way behind a further 5 hours down. 4 days into the race hannah speeds indicate close to the russian border she's already covered 600 kilometers

but this is only around the hof waypoint. as always there's no talking to daughter while also having to keep an eye on all the dogs. were. prepared for. the one. leaving it is now ok for math about for each record to go well but he's not even that well. you. need to put not well ok which one we should all rip out of them good luck one being. that it would be ok. the veterinarians receive only token payment for their assistance but for such a trout's money making the trip from the us it's worth it is very aware of the has to be unlike the race and this is a marathon not a one or 2 day issue so she's very much on top of it and i think are timeless

incredibly good. for the burger or caesar salad both are you know. she needs meat and fat so. up until now i've given my dogs a lot of rest. and i see that my team is is moving faster down the trail than the team in front of me we have more dogs i have one dogs in my team then the people in front of me and it's still a long way to the finish line. they go ahead no wonder you're quicker and you're a lot lighter just your team is fast rep building your little pin on. the bus was a very windy oh yes a lot of headwind from the side i couldn't keep the slide steady it's just it's not easy but you only took 4 hours and 58 minutes i was shown to. have boyfriends mathias also wants to hear updates. i thought morning after the last

mountain i even had to slow them down but i'm tired of them. i had to put on the brakes. yes they don't look too bad it's going really well. not so the case with bet he's way off the pace and now stuck with his dunks of the night in check points he has now covered almost 2 thirds of the race distance but of his 14 dogs only 6 are fit to continue the salute to men and. with a heavy heart he makes a heart breaking decision by the way the. last one with. we wanted to set out 1st thing this morning they were not here but it turned out that 3 of the dogs had swollen like this one of them. had one of the basically reached the limit for the

number of dogs required. that we didn't achieve the goal that we've been working for all year. because with animals involved you never know and you just have to accept things and try better next time presently for both of you as a serious one as often as once you've got the bug you have to carry on. you have to be better prepared in the future and maybe get a bit of good luck to. be had on beetle. it's that way. ben was one of 10 competitors who had to drop out. ahead of hannah and her team is one of the longest and most challenging but also most prestigious stages of the finn mark race from here they only have 250

kilometers to the finish hanna has overtaken another 2 teams and is now in 6th place it's close to half a meter of snow so we have to go through and my dogs have been. running in that deep snow for around 9 hours 10 hours and i've been working and running in kicking and. calming down from the moment i call my mom and. my guy and they're maybe half an hour to the checkpoint and they can get ready. really really bad news and my 1st thought was that ok maybe our dog has died or something like that. on march the 12th everything changed in norway even here in the isolated north of the country due to the spread of the corona virus the friend mark grace has had to be called off immediately. a shock for all involved you know

we have the wars going on. now the. new prime minister and. said everything you have to. do there to quit. it's dreadful news for tina little to her daughter has got just a few hours' sleep over the last few days trina is worried that a weakened hannah will be devastated by the development. and i just cried all the way into the checkpoint and got into a checkpoint everybody was there and it was just place. weird atmosphere. and cool and stream of a place on the way. i

feel really bad for she was looking forward to this race of course she's been using a whole year training for this race it's just a lot of fun and. i know we would have a good finish. and i wanted to prove myself that i could do. this and i wanted to prove to everyone else that i could do well in a race like this and even though i know i did a good race i don't feel like i've proved it because you never really finished. 2 days later it's back home and. i don't really think it has sunk

and i think my body is like still in shock a little bit because we've been caring and thinking about this race for 2 years and then we're finally doing it and it. is going very well. and it's just like it's just taking you know taken away from you and that is very hard for. for me and my body and my brain to process. reckons the race could have continued due to the remoteness of the route but by late summer had a hoax back up and raring to go again and hopefully in 2021 hannah and her team will get another chance to get a folkloric. india

. in search of puerto rican for a delicious courier ground urban farmers are preventing the use spices from going to. the desert as on the possible charges for the not a single drop of water is wastage and barren land in turn street legal. 30 minutes w. . his life and work have been romanticized and marketed internationally vincent van gough we take a look at the man behind the legend. who was seen. how did he become in the world wide phenomenon on the 130 of anniversary of his death vincent van gough a superstar. in 75 minutes on d w. what secrets lie behind. discover new

adventures in 360 degree. and explore fascinating world heritage sites of the cool t.w. world heritage 368 get me out now. this is news and these are our top stories. u.s. president donald trump has repeated unsubstantiated claims of voter fraud on the eve of the senate runoff election taking place in the state of georgia 2 republican candidates are trying to fend off a strong challenge by democratic rivals who.