therefore the accusation that academic autonomy and freedom are being destroyed is invalid. even get shot get shot new york caught now how the boy wasn't she students see it differently they remain concerned and are taking their protests off campus to other sites in istanbul. as a news update at this hour stay tuned for our covert at $1000.00 special and i richardson and bradley entering the teams thanks for watching. the fight against the coronavirus pandemic. has the rate of infection been developing what does the latest research say. information and context the coronavirus up to. 19. on t w. i value and i'm game did you know that

17 trillion dollars are killed worldwide sure so that we can include but it's not just the animals at all suffering it's the environment we went on a journey to find ways out of the ignition if you want to know how old were you clicked on the priest and the whole truth changed as he says listen to our podcast on in the green room. when t 21 began with a world wide ambition to vaccinate as many people as possible against covert 900 but in many parts of the world it's been a slow start there aren't enough vaccine doses available yet and sometimes logistical problems to the shortages. that's my the u.k.

decided to simply delay the 2nd vaccine dose to increase capacity we should prioritize having as many people getting the 1st dose as possible and that will allow ours to get protection to more people more quickly. than otherwise. others including germany discuss this option but there are no clinical trials available supporting this move what if it goes wrong. what indeed hello and welcome to our covert 900 special i want to get jones and like many of you i'm waiting for my turn to get vaccinated but i don't want to be a guinea pig so i'm not quite sure what to make of those developments and in a moment i'm going to ask about rolla just about this but 1st a look at where we're actually at swiss covert 900 x. scenes. only a handful of different vaccines have been authorized so far some countries have already kicked off x. in nation campaigns. supply remains extremely limited despite manufacturers

ramping up their production capacities. most of the vaccines require an initial job and then a booster shot some time later to provide adequate protection. with a global population of 7800000000 people that means that almost 16000000000 doses need to be produced for everyone to be vaccinated producing that amount will take years some experts say. but time is of the essence the longer the virus keeps spreading around the globe the higher the likelihood of mutation just recently scientists discovered 2 new variants in the u.k. and south africa that appear to be much more contagious the fear is that those mutations could render even strict lockdown measures useless and eventually even the vaccines. now experts are trying to find ways to get more shots

into more arms the discussion is focused on 3 options the 1st option is to delay the 2nd dose that would mean more people could have a 1st shot which might provide some protection the u.k. and denmark have approved the measure and our power to put it into practice but some experts warn that immunity might wane in the weeks following the initial shot that could create ideal circumstances for the virus to mutate and become resistant . the 2nd idea is to cut the doses in half which would double the number of people that could be vaccinated while there are indications that the immune response is the same experts say we can't know for sure. the 3rd option is to combine 2 vaccines so that the composition of the booster is different from the initial one the reasoning behind that idea is that both the

astra zeneca and biotech vixens target the virus a spike protein but with 2 different methods. the problem is none of the proposed alternatives has been tested so far. trust is everything and for many getting a brand new vaccine is already a leap of faith so let's talk more now with julian tung he is honorary associate professor and clinical by religious at the university of leicester good to have you with us tell me isn't it a bit risky to change the way we use those vaccines on patients without proper clinical trials to back up those changes as to how the vaccines are administered. ok so you do have some data on 1st if it is c. for both the vaccines. and the president about seeing all the little trials were not designed to test 1st if it is the only we do see some protection where they're

from other vaccines are exposed to those that since it's not the 1st those actually does most of the work with the 2nd this is being abused so most people respond the 1st is the food as well as use sufficient sufficient immunity that commuter the beast the exposure the virus in the population of the 2nd dose is ready but but this is not how they were designed certainly by and take out pfizer already mentioned that they they have been dubious about extending the period between those wanted to do those 2 so how big is the risk that extending the period between the 1st of the 2nd gap or reducing the vaccine dennis' which is also talked about that that creates a vaccine resistant strain of the virus. yes so this is a theoretical risk because you don't have complete immunity but this this back to school music can even arise the 2 doses so if you suppress replications fish and only one of those the risk of that mutant arising is a lot less than the no dose of the top so if you're in an arsehole of the

population 2 doses of the hope that nothing is also a risk nuisance may arise not in the hall where there's no vaccine protection at all so the risks are relative and i don't think they'll be any worse with just one dose was no doz to what you know of the population essentially all right well there are various kinds of vaccines so before we go on let's just take a look at at some of these different kinds because one is created with the activated or dead parts of the virus another one is called the vector vaccine and it uses another harmless life virus as a carrier to transport genes from the dangerous virus into cells in the recipient's body the immune system then detects the offending protein and creates antibodies. and then there is or there are big scenes that use message r r n 8 heart of the genetic viral code and these vaccines prompt cells in the recipient to produce viral proteins themselves which in turn then provoke an immune

system. so with that in the back of our mind julian tang from from the university of leicester there is talk about combining different vaccines to make up for shortages or even boost in vaccines efficacy is that safe has this been done before. and so we've got some experience with the new macbook about the scenes we have proven our 7 sins are x. $10.13 mixing and matching is on the doses certainly in singapore though in that without much harm if the box is taught the same antigen the protein but the delivered by m.r. nay or primary and no virus or even supply protein vaccines like the flu based vaccine design i think the minister even if it is the will be fine do you feel that people will trust this kind is this this is all going extremely fast and on the fact that we have a vaccine already within

a year do you think that people will trust all those different combinations. so they will have to explain to the people and make them understand more about the vaccines to give him the confidence that in fact what we do is just delivering the same antigen and use the same immune response we just slightly different areas and carry shouldn't really make that much difference to the current is just in just immune response to react even more against that particular antigen and delivering it in a different way to the body to produce the same immune response to the same and digit to predict protect against the same virus so if you explain this to people understand that we live and she's about it just just like with anything more right and do we actually know how long immunity will last once we do get vaccinated. so some of the studies do have long term follow ups and overturn his long term follow up a few 100 days after sen vaccine has follow 250 days and phase 2 clinical trials

protection against there's no backs in versatile against water infection for at least 5 months so we do have some long term follow up for that date or of course the longer you leave it the longer the immunity the more immunity will wane and then just for the 2nd dose at 3 months is going to come in all right julian tanky honorary associate professor and clinical neurologist at the university of leicester thank you so much. know what most of us can't wait to finally be immune to this virus speak for 100 days 150 or maybe up to 3 months there are still tons of questions about the safety and efficacy of vaccines available and he has one such question you sent to a science correspondent stan mcwilliams. do that scenes prevent infections entirely or do they just reduce your symptoms if you catch the virus.

ok to answer this we need to go over the basics of how immune response works in a healthy adult immunologists distinguish between 2 different aspects of it the innate and the adaptive immune responses and you can think of the innate responses as kind of the body's shock troops its different components react quickly and and nonspecifically to invaders especially those the body has never encountered before new pathogens also an adaptive response and motion as the body learns to home in on the invader churning out antibodies to flag it up so it's a highly specific killer cells can can recognise and and dispose of it the adaptive response which takes time to kick can also retains a memory of the invader that allows the body to respond quickly if it ever encounters the same pathogen again and you become immune to it however immune and

is kind of a loose term it just means that you are resistant to developing the symptoms of the disease again after having it once or being vaccinated for it but that doesn't necessarily exclude the idea that if you are exposed after that you could actually carry the virus for a while or maybe even transmit it just not develop symptoms because your adaptive immune system jumps on it pretty quickly the real holy grail. vaccine development is what's called sterilizing immunity that's what a a very rapid immune response wipes out the invaders subsequently so fast that it has practically no time to reproduce although trials in approved vaccines show that they mostly prevented vaccinated people from from getting ill those trials board set up to show whether people acquire sterilizing immunity until we collect more data on that even people who receive the vaccine should therefore go on the

assumption that even if they are very unlikely to develop symptoms after an exposure they might still be contagious to others. so it's all about collecting and analyzing data and i'm sure you still have tons of questions about the corona virus so keep your questions coming derek will be back tomorrow to send an e-mail to feedback dot english at d w dot com type expert in the subject line or leave a comment thanks for watching. electric emission free this isn't this just a normal future of mobility the wheel is a. horn at least it was closed 19 appears to be putting in place on the developments ordinary cars plan for a big ones are back on the block there are really no alternatives.

in. t.w. . to the point of strong opinions from clear positions international perspectives. for the 1st time in its history a member nation is much the european union the question is though can the united kingdom really flew to an independent future and was intact. this is all going to have on the field you would so find out on to the point. to the point. in 60 minutes according to w. . young moroccan emigrants. they know the police will stop them.

they know that the route is not a solution. they know their flight could be fatal. going back to use and not an option. i'm on and rabbiting are stuck in the spanish border area along side other young people there waiting for a chance that will probably never come. shattered dreams starts january 18th on t.w. . is this what the future of transportation looks like probably not and he's not in time soon but in today's inventors and visionaries look at the streets sidewalks highways and even agricultural land of the present they see vehicles that could

soon be dusty exhibits in museums in the midst of change and that's our theme today are made from a to b. the mobility of the future it's good to have you with us well they're among the most popular passenger vehicles of the present s.u.v.s what began as a bare bones military vehicle the sport utility vehicle or s.u.v. is now one of the most popular set of wheels on the road today's very. maybe better engineer than their predecessors they are still expensive large and not very economical critics say they clog up traffic and pollute the air they are a huge earner for the automobile industry just why are s.u.v. so popular what is it that fascinates so many drivers my colleague malta roic holman went to take a look. bigger

. all of the world's people are crazy about s.u.v.s. being used as a status signifies. just the greatest feeling driving around in the flesh beast are the problems that they course. and they know you're. trying to. so let's get into gear and check what's behind the hype why is the world so obsessed with s.u.v.s. the full. 40 percent of all passenger vehicles sold worldwide are some form of s.u.v. that's more than twice as much as just 10 years ago it isn't. in india and the e.u. one in 3 new vehicles is an s.u.v. in china it's even more in the u.s.

it's almost one in 2. producers perspective it makes a lot of sense to produce as u.v. a car that looked like s.u.v.s because they're able to extract higher margins higher profit margins than it will be not much more expensive to produce manufacture but they will be able to sell it at like price like 4050 percent higher . companies profit from the s.u.v. hype but that's only one side of the story because they wouldn't build them if people wouldn't buy them like crazy. ok the car shrink when the s.u.v. boom started in the us he helped major car companies sell more of the. as a marketing consultant and if you ask him the secret as to why people are so attracted to s.u.v.s is rooted in our brain. to put it very

very simply our brain is made up of 3 different brains the cortex the limbic system and the reptilian brain they constantly talk to each other but each of them has a different job. the cortex is responsible for rational thinking it helps us make decisions solve problems crunch numbers everything that kind of complicated. system is all about emotions. and the brain isn't charge of our most basic instincts it make sure we have breathing controls our sex drive and our fight or flight response s.u.v. is red area. you know car bible and reproduction i'm stronger bigger and more powerful than you i mean if you come with a little car and i have a b. s.u.v. and we crash. you're going to die and i'm just going to have to clean a little bit my issue with the media projecting this image that the world being

so dangerous all 7 point one magnitude earthquake has hit southern california as massive tropical cyclone triggered a tsunami militants have attacked the stock exchange building you want to be a car when those of us work around you know you want to be an issue either. a road building or people to. business. as you vs appeal to our most basic instincts and scowl make us target exactly those but of course as you drive us would never admit that they're just following their primal urges they give a more rational justification. if you look at surveys as to why people are buying s.u.v.s many will say because they're safer and yes if you're in an s.u.v. and you crash with another car you're less likely to die. but as if these have

a pretty high center of gravity and that makes them prone to rolling over which is actually really dangerous and also kind of obvious. they know the reality is that the higher you are the more chance you have to roll over is more dangerous you have all but it doesn't matter the rate brian so you feel stronger when you are on top of might be something like a lamb space so by the time most cars get taller imagine you're in a smaller car in fact big and you see all those higher. than you might be incentivized to get the color car to just to fit right in and be like intimidated by other people to try it. people who drive s.u.v.s want to feel safe even if that means putting other side risk the front bumpus off many s.u.v.s for example are so high that today. more likely to suffer serious head or upper body injuries in a crash so s.u.v.

drivers are gaining something here at the expense of others and that's not just the case for road safety. board and more s.u.v.s in the fleet which means you have much leverage than the small cars and yet therefore the are higher yet the are all still plenty fuel i mean damn well. then you have. the growing number of s.u.v.s is in fact the 2nd biggest cause for the rise in c o 2 emissions since 2010 heads of heavy industry and aviation. emissions from other types of passenger vehicles actually went down over the same period. and all this is not really news to us we know as u.v.'s are bad for the environment but it's just too easy for us to brush aside these concerns. our cortex thinks about abstract and complicated

things that way in the future like climate change and how we can prevent it our emotional limbic system however is more of a live in the moment kind of person but like self fleshy that brand new s.u.v.s looks and wants to drive often it now and this instant gratification will often outweigh the distant an abstract concerns like climate change to tell me that the environment is going to be bad in 1520 years that i don't really connect with me i'll be dead in 15 years or so you know so we have to make people realize. that's what you said today and what they can expect today as some consequences for that day. and people around the world are realizing that's more and. that still doesn't stop more and more people from buying s.u.v.s or industries and. that you

want to do you have to come up with more time to go i mean you have to talk about decoupling does damage nasdaq going to should be said. i call c.g. right now don't do that i mean if you didn't just. need to hop fold factors into taking direction and the like more efficient engines more electricity growth but also worth more. and also short that business is probably. the villain creatures on capable of rational thinking and yet why it's 2 like the very things that are bad for us. all right if cars can be seen as an extension of their owners egos what should we surmise about those who want to ride smaller more efficient electric like this little guy created out of sheer utility and definitely not sex appeal we sent our reporter to switzerland to talk to

a man whose vision of the future is much more practical and emotional. 0 emissions no accidents no traffic jams then getting from a to b. will be safe healthy and relaxed maybe. i'll give it a try. this is a prototype and peter clifton that is testing it he teaches at the university of the gallon in switzerland his work focuses on the future of mobility. oh are you driving such a tiny car there's only room for 2 the range is small so why does it it's ok because that's the future. but i think we need them ability revolution i think and micro mobility a more intelligent use of cars sitting in space is the only way to preserve mobility. what do tiny cars contribute to that.

only occupies one 3rd of a standard parking space that's one aspect another is that it electrically powered so it's more sustainable and average car occupancy no days as $1.00 and the car spends 93 percent of the time just standing around so this car is perfectly adequate for getting about in town. were bought instead if the whole thing would not have a better more ecological. father thought i don't even like czar an alternative but i live in the countryside so i have a long ride into town i see the future is intermodal and that is i'll take public transport sometimes take the car to transport stuff or go out with my children because electric scooters and other new things will come along they'll be a whole range of mobility solutions and tiny cars a one element past. perfect that.

drives like a toy car. so how will we be getting around a few years from now we're going to be one example so i want to go to berlin in the future we'll have apps on our full on the. platforms where you enter your priorities efficiency cost sustainability. and that's one of them where you will get corresponding recommendations including an itinerary . that my smartphone will tell me where i have to go and when and which means of transport i'll be using refined it will deal with payments as well leading. into says we should do away with combustion engines in cars and he's shared cars rather than own one. i have the impression that it's still a long way off people want to own their own cars and keep the cars they've bought

for as long as possible 1015 or 20 years. and they run on gasoline something that is your vision simply unrealistic if we don't always be some private ownership of cars but it's unthinkable to go to the entire planet with private cars even with everybody owning their own and i can facts like in terms of climate protection out of the question. with. the coronavirus pandemic has seen people shift away from often crowded trains and buses and use their cars more. claiborne there is a champion of public transport as part of the mix is his vision already obsolete. the industry was already going through a process of transformation to a coven 19 has led to a slump in sales. and change and reinvent himself just as increased dramatically. in the says electra mobility can be fun it doesn't mean doing without all the good

stuff as many people still seem to think he also says there's no way around it. or right of cars will look different in the future chances are they will also sound different a lot of us probably don't give it much thought but the noise is a car makes matter not just for the gear heads love the sound of an engine revving for everyday safety if you can't hear it you might not know it's coming and that's why sound is being programmed into electric cars which are otherwise almost silent finding the right sound that's an art. for sound design there's combustion engine noises are as complex as symphonies. and they provide the basis for developing artificial motor sounds for electric cars at present they sound like this. in between will consider the mating

call of a static. country or a tiger or whatever is not the chirping of a sparrow. office mature sound like that does something to a driver manner said to meet bellowing noise that signifies. time of greatest. does this buzzing sound zain india doesn't have such an immediate and powerful impact but it could come to signify another kind of power that's expressive in its own right amount of power. the challenge is to develop that power for electric cars. it disempowers. car dealer benyamin dab it says a timid buzz just doesn't do it for him he loves the full throated growl and roar of 500 horsepower. figure does it not matter to that's just part of it

for many people with. the big engine big sound great sound light. that means performance passion fun behind the wheel when everything good and exciting about driving as you head into the sunset in your sports car to move on and going for it. but how can a lector vehicles be fitted with a truly authentic sounding fake sound. in this we're going 151617 kilometers an hour the noise is minimal i'm going to tweak the sound quality. i've just boosted the higher frequencies. the new e.u. regulations says new electric cars will have to be equipped with an acoustic vehicle alerting system which makes a sound at low speed entering reversing the. it's not that the e.u.

wants to make the world sound better and cooler for us all it's about safety so you have to be able to hear if an electric car is just 10 meters away heading at you or 20 kilometers an hour. and the sound has to be distinctive and easy to hear those fish cut out for one sound design or just want to shape the experience of those inside the car as well as outside it's also about branding. the spot i'm a 50 years ago most eighty's had a special distinctive sound and it had to do with the substance of the cars the sound was authentic just like i also came to stand for stability and safety those times over now you can fake everything so you keep wondering does anything actually sound like what it really is it's. driving pleasure reliability safety and authenticity can a sound be designed to suggest all that. well

it does seem like everything can be imitated reproduced or fake these days and often quite convincingly or the battery or combustion engine cars still roll on roads but if the entire journey were virtual across viruses decimated global terrorism there's one sector that stands to benefit from the pendennis and its associated travel bans are virtual reality industry after all just because we can't travel doesn't mean we can't be transported. headfirst into the virtual world can we really go on a journey without travelling and how does it feel i'm giving it a try. i've always travelled as a reporter but i've also travelled a lot in my free time i've backpacked through asia and australia. and i'm starting

to get itchy feet again. but it's like that times have changed. i take a church to the id experts at the university of hamburg french dynaco runs a research group studying human computer interaction zz i'm going to take a trip in his virtual reality laboratory. teleport at the touch of a button i can fly anywhere i desire automatically. craft and. i'm back at the old as a rock formation in the australian outback. while. the view is incredible. but it's not australia i can't feel the hot wind or hear any animals. i travel to the all goes almost 20 years ago we spent many a night out in the open it was a journey outside of my comfort zone and one on never forget it was hot and not all

the animals were friendly you can ever have virtual experiences like that ok any. we mostly experience things with our eyes and ears you have no sense of touch or temperature here to include all the senses you'd need to wear special equipment like a data suit data gloves and lots of cables that's not what we're aiming for and it's not really available yet anyway because it is but virtual reality does make more extreme traveling possible i can take a drive on the moon for example or i can climb mount everest things i could never do in real life. in the gaming industry as a cutting edge of virtual reality tools in one game well traveler my avatar randomly land somewhere on the planet my job is to figure out where i am.

the tourism industry hardly uses virtual reality as a tool for that stealing with other problems at the moment due to the coronavirus pandemic and the other problems lie ahead technology is moving forward and of rapid pace many believe that in the not too distant future that you will johnnie's will become competition for tourism in the real wild. in the next 510 or 20 years and we'll have virtual worlds that you won't be able to distinguish from real life at least in terms of sound insight as much so that means we'll have to develop a new sense to know if something's real or not exactly and it's interesting ethically i may always have to tell people that the reality is virtual real and we're always having problems like that today i can't tell if the nooses fake or a photos have been retouched and we are technologies of the future will bring that to a whole new level. mixing up realities that won't happen to me it's easy for me to

tell that this journey is virtual it's great but i feel sick now i need to break out. sometimes your movement in the real world doesn't match what you're experiencing in the virtual world it can lead to a conflict of the senses you're visually experiencing something different than the body is and it can lead to feeling a bit queasy that was exciting but i'd rather travel in the real world this year i'm going to go on a bike till it's good for social distancing and good for the environment. and while we're talking about 2 wheelers what comes to mind when you think about a motorcycle rally early men clad in leather you may be behind the times the fact is more and more women are heeding the call the open road and in recent decades they've carved out their own space for clubs rallies and group rides and with them their own market brands are beginning to take notice.

well documented by one that's long been dominated by men. the fish is a women only event they want to break the stereotype. will cannot win by monday and if your children partner at home call friends you haven't seen for a while get on your motorbike and head to pet for lads to do something that's just for you. for years ago if they were caught founded what's now europe's biggest women on the motorbike festival petra lets. her aim was to get more women interested in money to bikes and to connect them with each other. for fun calling every year we see a handful of women who don't have motorbike licenses and who aren't into the scene by the neck they have a license and come by motorbike home. and having an impact on the market since

2011 the number of women with motorbike licenses in germany alone has risen by around a quarter to almost 5000000 and. still more than twice as many men have money to bike licenses the industry remains very male centric. it's difficult when you go into a store i wanted something for me with different sizes and i was kind of intimidated they're only guys in the store they're guys they don't like even talk to you or if i wonder always with my friends. to introduce themselves to my friends but they don't even like shake my hand that's been in my home to see all awareness is growing and as a target group were taken more seriously but there's still a long way to. for the motorbike market gets more female friendly especially in terms of clothing for nothing the suspension to kick. in the past women were often

just used as decoration to sell most to buy. but that's changing slowly the industry is taking note women by kids are a force to be reckoned with. these women are born to be wild the global motorcycle market is writing high with some 100000000000 euros in 2018 it's expected to keep growing and that's some pot to women. 2 wheels 4 wheels big car or small loud or quiet world of transportation and travel is changing and we're getting from a to b. maybe the main objective will never be the only reason for getting behind the wheel or the handlebars we're glad that you came along for the ride today that's all for this week's made see you next time in the meantime do be sure to check us out on

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it. was. to the point a strong opinion a clear position of international perspective such. for the 1st time in its history a member nation was much the european union the question is though can the united kingdom really forge an independent future i'm looking kind of this is all going to

have on the medium itself find out also the point. to point to such an audience the mahanta the dalai lama. there carted off under terrible conditions german cattle jammed into animal transfer homes for days at a time without food and water. a team of reporters follows the trucks to russia central asia africa they want to find out who's responsible for this animal cruelty. in 75 minutes on d w. how the virus spread. why do we panic. and when will all of this is. just through the text from cover and

a weekly radio show is called spectrum if you would like and the information on the chrono large breasts or any other science topic you should really check out our podcast so you can get it wherever you get your podcasts you can also find us at. ford slash science. passion drama competition live marketing numbers atmosphere power fight that's how intuition love hate money. fans friends class fans and friends over to go off on you tube join us. story of produce and propaganda. they were called the rhineland bastards born after the 1st world war. their mothers were germans living in the occupied rhineland their fathers were soldiers from the french colonies. police from german

children had a hard time because they were reminder of the german defeat. exclusion and content culminated in sourced sterilization under the nazis. this documentary examines the few traces that remain of their existence. of them children of shame. storage january 11th on d. w. . this is the w. news and these are our top stories the white house is seeing a series of resignations and calls for president almost trump's removal a day after a violent mob stormed the capitol building while lawmakers were confirming joe biden's alexion victory top democrats in congress are urging the cabinet to invoke the 25th amendment to.