marco your dream trip. tricky. to pass and it is of great story to keep up the brave eligible for all the action on the fortune from. the minute we can. miss the bottom of the valley at the last dragon is 100 dollars 2 years. on the. scientists have made incredible discoveries still lives many light years away and tiny microorganisms all around us. we continually learning more about the origins of the universe and our planet. the complex ways various parts are interconnected as well as mysteries yet to be solved.

welcome to tomorrow today the science show on d w. time has been around for well it seems like forever. the span of even a long human life is but the blink of an eye in terms of the cosmos archaeologists and palin tonnages stick up amazing stuff that reveals bit by bit our history and prehistory modern humans of the species homo sapiens emerged about 200000 years ago . the earliest traces of animals found so far date back 4000000000 years that's just 600000000 years or so after our son took shape and roughly 100000000 years after the earth itself formed. and that's nothing compared to our galaxy as a whole the milky way it's more than 13000000000. but it all began about

13800000000 years ago with the big bang at least that's the prevailing theory. a new telescope will soon reveal even more. than genes webb space telescope will be able to peer far deeper in just space than hubble the primary mirror measures 6.5 meters across that of its predecessor me eat. it. it's comprised of 18 segments coated in a microscopically thin layer of gold. dominica village salak will be among the 1st to conduct research using the new space telescope. her team is one of 13 that have been chosen to begin work as soon as it's up and running.

i think that's when you start to really delve into astronomy and realize that what we see with our naked eye when we look up at the starry sky is only a minute part of what is actually there it does something to you. i still get goosebumps when i think about it. as it stands out and about the astrophysicist is interested in super massive black holes imbedded at the center of large galaxies as they devour the material around them they blast out powerful radiation and ultra fast winds. she says these winds can promote or prevent the formation of stars in the galaxy. the link between black holes in the formation of galaxies is one of the most intensely studied fields in astrophysics. among us my last minute.

about the size of a super massive black hole and the size of the galaxy that hosts it the difference is huge. it's like comparing a one cent coin with the moon. and yet during their active growth phase these super massive black holes are able to exert such an enormous influence on their galaxy. i'm forced to collect sits on them. just how they do that is what she wants to understand after all we need to live in a galaxy the milky way. even as a child dominique of let's began to wonder where the edge of the universe lies and what's beyond it but during her childhood she never got a satisfactory answer. so she went on to study physics specialize in drama and slammed her dream job. as open and fast as affordable but

others i'm just so happy to have the privilege of studying the universe as my profession. when you. stand that i get to search out the secrets of the universe. and soon thanks to word she'll be able to study galaxies that are so far away that hubble can only make them out in low resolution. the new telescope will provide a much clearer view of these objects the light from the distant world has taken more than 12000000000 years to reach us so it dates back to a time when black holes were gobbling up huge amounts of material and blasting out powerful winds. the data should reveal what effect that had on the galaxies around them as well as i do the data won't just be 2 dimensional picture cut from a larger picture but 3 dimensional. going on today i did this but in other words

there is the spectrum hiding behind each and every pixel on that 2 dimensional image for. those spectra will show how much gas is contained in these distant galaxies how fast that gas is moving and even what direction it's moving. village salic says that data with allow us to understand better how galaxies are formed a filter wheel like this one is also installed in the camera that she will use to study those faraway galaxies it was developed here at the mux planck institute for astronomy. as the launch date approaches the sense of anticipation is rising. the jeans webb space telescope is due to start its mission next october 14 years later than originally planned as a whole to start out on as the launch date gets closer i'll probably start to dream about it right now i'm having nightmares that the whole thing will just blow up.

the telescope is so big that both of its so-called. wings will need to be folded so that it can fit into the launch vehicle. there's never been a satellite with so many moving parts it will take 2 weeks to unfold everything in that time nothing make go wrong 6 months after the launch date the new telescope should finally be ready to begin studying the secrets of the universe. humankind has been puzzling over those secrets for millennia schools of smart and brave people rack their brains and bodies to explore the universe some in space and many to hind the scenes nancy grace roman was a leading astronomer at nasa she celebrated as the mother of the hubble space telescope that's yielded breathtaking views from the depths of space.

far beyond earth's atmosphere the hubble space telescope has a crystal clear view of the universe from its vantage point it can see much that is not visible from the ground. in the sky has revealed the beauty of space and changed our understanding of the cosmos. yet the project was almost doomed when hubble began life short sighted. the catastrophic flaw was only found after march when it sent fuzzy pictures back to earth. and. fortunately hubble construction allowed the problem to be rectified. a total of 5 servicing russians corrected the optics and installed new instruments. that not only

extended the life of the orbiting telescope the drilling missions made hubble. the world's best known telescope and help to sharpen the awesome images that capture. hubble silent gaze open the way to trail blazing astronomical discoveries. it showed us that the universe is expanding at a constantly increasing rate a discovery that won the nobel prize for physics in 2011 thanks to hubble we also know the universe is about 12 to 13000000000 years old. by looking deeper into space than ever before couple helped our understanding of how galaxies evolve. the data from the telescope reveals that most large galaxies have

a supermassive black hole lurking at their center. hubble has given us new insights into the life of stars. how inside clouds of dust they are born. and how they die. images have enabled us to reconstruct these turbulent processes. more recently public has helped find exoplanets planets orbiting distant stars and even analyzed their atmospheres. if all goes according to plan the hubble space telescope will continue to scan the cosmos until 2025 and perhaps enrich us with more exciting discoveries. hubble can actually be seen with the naked eye but only from certain regions of the earth

. the space telescope delivers masses of data. respect to one of the people who uses that data to create stunning pictures. feel the scale and the size of these pillars and even on the images of transforming it into what we're a nation. you feel so much happening there you feel the light from the stars in the spillers you see the different layers you see stars on the back of the stars you see these pillars in between it's really a stunning setting out. of this little structures of this little. fingers in the gas it's bizarre that from from the stars being born which are shaping carving the gas around it.

absolutely stunning. pictures that amaze but also inspire awe. they were created by martin khan masseur and luis posada a combination of science and art. oh you have them we wanted to know just how it's done so we set up an interview with luis casada which due to the coronavirus pandemic was conducted remotely. and the cameras are not like there is no photographic memories in the sense that they snap and it's a beautiful colorful image of the universe now the hubble gets the data of sort of the universe through this field they're going to build there is like a little lens that you put in front of the camera that only lets light of a certain the wavelength or color passed through. and usually if you want to serve

the full object we use many many things there's one up going to be other and then we combine the filters to make a color image. the colors are very very tightly connected to the real physical processes. after this you start fine tuning in a little bit. that's where the hottest part comes of course this is kind of like the real they can now and then strongly start having a little bit more of. a contrast adjustments here and there there's a lot of creative freedom we start with a real date that we combine ins with the real science but then of course there's ways in which we can try to combine this in a more a set the quickly zinke way. the main objective 99 percent of the time it's

a is to collect data that scientists are going to are going to research on it is not to make beautiful images. that's a side that's a side product you know what i mean. sometimes the images are not very aesthetically pleasing when we get the data the image can come and bits are damaged a little bit with artifacts which the scientists don't care so to speak because they want to they care more about the data they care about the numbers. but we want to use these images for the public want to show these beautiful images for the public sometimes to make this little bridge between what the start of us need and want and what b.n. public needs and can sometimes be a bit of a challenge. i can hear mark in saying oh if only they would have composed it like this the other service their own thing you might get is just on the data from this region but sometimes we think it's a clio what if the image was

a little bit more composed like this and what tends. to. sometimes going to capture some of these images it feels like oh it's yeah it's just something which is static but but just a spam scales are a bit different from what we humans are used to so whereas a kind of looks like oh it's just just stop but no it's actually just violently you're. changing. inmarsat out there is it's actually interesting in just the course of a few years 1020 years we actually see a very beautiful or light a cause of the light that's going through the gas it's around the year this binary stars and it's actually shining through and it's revealing more of this kind of like blossoming flower. it's really interesting to see that the entire life of

human kind is a very very tiny blip in the history of the universe. they're filmed of gas the sun is safe like a bull so it's the end of. al world is full of nationally occurring shapes passons and symmetry both below and above watch him. it may seem random but native president only intrinsic geometry now feel is spirit from sydney wants to know more about one shape in particular and. why are so many things in nature round could it be some kind of panda lac to code the stars the planets including our own everywhere you look at the spheres and circles are inches coconuts round lentils tomatoes to our eyes blood cells

drops of water fear of the ground across the universe there is no getting around 3rd round thanks to fundamental physical phenomena. first gravity this is what enables large bodies like planets or stars to hold other objects in their orbit. the larger the mass the greater the gravitational force and gravity pulls everything towards the center of a mass so when an object has a lot of mass it will tend to form a sphere where all points on the surface are at the same distance away from the center so even our highest mountains will eventually flatten out and literally be brought back down to earth by gravity. another factor in the physics of round miss is the relation between surface area

and volume a sphere is the most compact shape there is boasting the smallest surface to volume ratio. in other words small on packaging big on context strictly speaking round shaped packets would be far more efficient. here everything from flower stems to tree trunks have a round cross-section of the minimize surface area translates into better energy rich engine and less water evaporation plus less exposure to the elements roundness means stability which is why so many precious things in nature are more or less round. eggs for example the start of life for countless animals. nature once again delivering an elegant marriage of form and function.

if you know you can't break a rule eg by squeezing it's the 4th dissipated evenly a round the elliptical form and the fluid inside its occurrence of force if you don't believe us try it. and. many processes in nature the psychic hold. they sustain organisms and the environment but things can get out of sync. what we females do and fail to do it can disturb what appears to be a self regulating system. the cycle of life takes us from the cradle to the grave but what may seem like an end can be part of the beginning for other new value. animals die all the time and everywhere in german forests the corpses of larger animals are usually removed if they're found

by hunters or foresters ecologist christan fun home on is interested in what happens when they're left to rot as part of his. research he places dead animals in the forest at a good distance from any hiking trail. this roebuck was hit by a car and has been here for almost a week in the heat strong smell of decay it spreads far and wide most humans find it disgusting and many other species find it most appealing and come rushing the 1st arrivals are flying is. a common thought so if they come from up to 3 kilometers away they really can smell it from such a great distance then they lay large batches of eggs these white specks 200 to 250 eggs in each batch. each female lays a batch of and

a larva or maggot hatches from each egg each maggot eats 2 grams of flesh before it turns into a fly so if the conditions are right it doesn't take long for a deer to be entirely consumed this is when there are loads of maggots on a corpse they rub up against each other the temperature in the mass of maggots gets really high up to 30 degrees hotter than the air we once measured $47.00 degrees on a read did the maggots create their own microclimate in which they develop that they can. come on lays insect traps next to the dead animals in order to find out which species come to visit. he often find some that had never before been identified here and the very in forest national park. we found $112.00 species of beetle not usually found in traps with no corpse nearby we call this dark biodiversity the species you don't normally catch. beetles

tend not to hang around a carcass they come devoured. maggots then move on. the maggots congregate beneath the corpse. and. only species that are already at home in the ecosystem find their way to since they only remain there however if there is an adequate supply of dead animals. they. are burying beetles for example disappear very rapidly from areas where horses are absent or where there's a lot of human activity. per man has made a surprise discovery here dead flies with fuzzy backsides they've fallen victim to

a toxic fungus and tomorrow there are a must die in german it's simply known as fly killer fungus if you get what the fungus infects the fly and kills it then the fungus grows out of the flies body so that it's rare and looks bigger and you can see that with the yellow rings male flies prefer larger females because they lay more eggs so a male copulates with an infected female gets contaminated with fungal spores and spreads them further into the ecosystem. and also sets up camera traps near the corpses they reveal the larger animals which come by our robot for a meal. link's frequent corpses as still moves and while born. some birds come for the beetles and maggots . and raisins go for the flesh as do other

carrion eaters and birds of prey. we've seen $800.00 species of large bird scavenging off a single corpse all in all including the insects this constitutes an incredible nutritional boost to the ecosystem a dead tree lying in the forest is an extremely important resource over the long term of corpses an extremely important short term resource but one that recurs regularly of the entire system benefits of. dead wood and dead animals they all play their part in the ecosystem giving themselves so that others may flourish. the term ecosystem can be applied even to communities of minuscule creatures in tiny spaces . a few drops of water in a garden hosts so much life. single celled

organisms nematodes insect larvae mites al-shehri and bacteria to name but if. some species eat the algae. one creatures excrement is another's dinner. which in turn nourishes the algae. they return the favor by producing oxygen which is lapped up by other microorganisms and so the carousel of life keeps turning. it around that is red why of it i am a very it. is there a question about science the nature of you really want answered send it into us as an e-mail video text over as well if we answer it on the show or send you a little gift as a thank you come on just because. the messiah story

is check out our website d.w. dot com slash science or look for us on twitter. that's all for today join us again next time for more in gross and stories about science and technology but. until then but by. going.

to. come to. the bank. germany's world heritage sites like you've never seen them before from a bomb. cultural treasures of incredible value. tourist attraction of timeless beauty. part 2 of our aerial dream

trunk. check it out. coming up on d w. anyone can take a look back but i'm weird looking ahead. we are eagerly anticipating. anniversary of the. first days. and days of a member of. the cultural outlook the 202121. 30 minutes long w. children to come to. one giant problem and when you're

a get in on it as soon as the 1st year you. think they are the leader of the place isn't a fully half 1000000 a. laugh how will climate change affect us and our children laugh. at b.w. dot com slash water. a story of prejudice and propaganda. they were called the rhineland bastards born after the 1st world war. he was an illegitimate child and there were many other new from. their mothers or germans living in the occupied rhineland their father's soldiers from the french colonies. the forgotten piece afro german children had a hard time and because they were a reminder of the german defeat. they grew up in a climate of wounded national pride and racism the thought of the european

population felt that it was important to be white and to stay right if i supplied. exclusion and contempt culminated in forced sterilization under the nazis. this documentary examines the few traces that remain of their existence we call them the children. storage january 11th on d w. this is utopia news and these are our top stories indonesian a search teams have located the flight data recorders of a passenger plane that crashed into the java sea on saturday 62 people were on board investigators hope the data will clarify why the jet came down just minutes after takeoff from jakarta. populist candidate side or just part of has one

curious stance presidential election of by in large majority reportedly received more than 80 percent.