the silk road. china comes to expand its influence with this trade network and so can. china is promising its partners rich. but if there's a sharp morning never accept money from the new super power to become dependent on the. chinese gateway to. start feb 19th on g.w. . scientists have made incredible discoveries still many light years away and tiny microorganisms all around us. we continually learning more about the origins of the universe and our planets. the complex ways various parts are interconnected as well as mysteries yet to be solved.

welcome to tomorrow today the science show on d w. time has been around for well it seems like forever. the span of even a long human life is but the blink of an eye in terms of the cosmos archaeologists and palin tonnages stick up amazing stuff that reveals that our history and prehistory modern humans of the species homo sapiens emerged about 200000 years ago . the earliest traces of animals found so far back 4000000000 years that's just 600000000 years after our son took shape and roughly 100000000 years after the earth itself formed. and that's nothing compared to our galaxy as a whole the milky way it's more than 13000000000. years old. but it all began about

13800000000 years ago with the big bang at least that's the prevailing theory. a new telescope will soon reveal even more. than james webb space telescope will be able to peer far deeper into space than hubble the primary mirror measures 6.5 meters across that of its predecessor. it's comprised of 18 segments coded in a microscopically thin layer of gold. dominica village salak will be among the 1st to conduct research using the new space telescope. her team is one of 13 that have been chosen to begin work as soon as it's up and running.

when you start to really delve into astronomy and realize that what we see with our naked eye when we look up at the starry sky is only a minute part of what is actually there it does something to you. i still get goosebumps when i think about it. as it stands out and. the astrophysicist is interested in super massive black holes embedded at the center of large galaxies as they devour the material around them they blast out powerful radiation and ultra fast winds. she says these winds can promote or prevent the formation of stars in the galaxy. the link between black holes in the formation of galaxies is one of the most intensely studied fields in astrophysics. among those who must when you thing.

about the size of a super massive black hole and the size of the galaxy that hosts it the difference is huge. it's like comparing a one cent coin with the moon. and yet during their active growth phase these super massive black holes are able to exert such an enormous influence on their galaxy. just how they do that is what she wants to understand after all we need to live in a galaxy the milky way. even as a child domenica village saavik began to wonder where the edge of the universe lies and what's beyond it but during her childhood she never got a satisfactory answer. so she went out to study physics specialize in astronomy then to land her dream job. as open and fast

as affordable but others i'm just so happy to have the privilege of studying the universe as my profession. one about. and that i get to search out the secrets of the universe. and soon thanks to word should be able to study galaxies that are so far away that hubble can only make them out in low resolution. the new telescope will provide a much clearer view of these objects the light from the distant world has taken more than 12000000000 years to reach us so it dates back to a time when black holes were gobbling up huge amounts of material and blasting out powerful winds. the data should reveal what effect that had on the galaxies around them doesn't end up in the data won't just be 2 dimensional picture cut from a larger picture but 3 dimensional. going to defy did in other words

there is the spectrum hiding behind each and every pixel on that 2 dimensional image for. those spectra will show how much gas is contained in least distant galaxies how fast that gas is moving and even in what direction it's moving. village salic says that data with allow us to understand better how galaxies are formed a filter wheel like this one is also installed in the camera that she will use to study those faraway galaxies it was developed here at the max planck institute for astronomy. as the launch date approaches the sense of anticipation is rising. the james webb space telescope is due to start its mission next october 14 years later than a regionally planned of the hole to start out on as the launch date gets closer i'll probably start to dream about it right now i'm having nightmares that the

whole thing will just blow up. the telescope was so big that both of its so-called . wings will need to be folded so that it can fit into the launch vehicle. there's never been a satellite with so many moving parts it will take 2 weeks to unfold everything in that time nothing maaco wrong 6 months after the launch date the new telescope should finally be ready to begin studying the secrets of the universe. humankind has been puzzling over those secrets for millennia schools of smart and brave people rack their brains and bodies to explore the universe some in space and many behind the scenes nancy grace roman was a leading astronomer at nasa she celebrated as the mother of the hubble space telescope that's yielded breathtaking views from the depths of space.

far beyond earth's atmosphere the hubble space telescope has a crystal clear view of the universe from its vantage point it can see much that is not visible from the ground. in the sky has revealed the beauty of space and changed our understanding of the cosmos. yet the project was almost doomed when hubble began life short sighted. the catastrophic flaw was only found after march when it sent fuzzy pictures back to earth. fortunately hubble construction allowed the problem to be rectified. a total of 5 servicing russians corrected the optics and installed new instruments. that not only

extended the life of the orbiting telescope the drilling missions made hubble. the world's best known telescope and help to sharpen the awesome images that captured. hubble's silent gaze open the way to trail blazing astronomical discoveries. that showed us that the universe is expanding at a constantly increasing rate a discovery that won the nobel prize for physics in 2011 thanks to hubble we also know the universe is about 12 to 13000000000 years old. by looking deeper into space than ever before couple helped our understanding of how galaxies evolve. the data from the telescope reveals that most large galaxies have

a supermassive black hole lurking at their center. hubble has given us new insights into the life of stars. how inside clouds of dust they are born. and how they die. hubble images have enabled us to reconstruct these turbulent processes. more recently public has helped find exoplanets planets orbiting distant stars and even analyzed their atmospheres. if all goes according to plan the hubble space telescope will continue to scan the cosmos until 2025 and perhaps enrich us with more exciting discoveries. hubble can actually be seen with the naked eye but only from certain regions of the earth

. the space telescope delivers masses of data. respect to one of the people who uses that data to create stunning pictures. grabs feel the scale and the size of these pillars and even on the images transforming it into words we only made. you feel so much happening don't feel the light from the stars and sculpting these pillars you see in the different layers you see stars on the back of the star on the foreground you see these pillars in between it's really a stunning setting out. of this little structures of this little. fingers in the gas it's bizarre that from from the stars being born which are shaping carving the gas wrong.

in some absolutely stunning. pictures that amaze but also inspire awe. they were created by martin kahn massa and luis posada a combination of science and art. oh we have the know we wanted to know just how it's done so we set up an interview with luis posada which tutor the coronavirus pandemic was conducted remotely. and the cameras are not like there's no photographic memories in the sense that they snap and it's a beautiful color photo image of the universe now how will they get the data of sort of the universe through this field they're going to build there is like a little lens that you put in front of the camera but only lets light of a certain wavelength or color passed through. and usually if you want to serve

the full object we use many many things there's one after the other and then we combine the filters to make a color image. the colors are very very tightly connected to the real physical processes. after this we start fine tuning in a little bit. that's where the hottest part comes in of course this is kind of like the real they can now and then strongly start adding a little bit more. contrast adjustments here and there there's a lot of creative freedom we start with a real date that we combine ins with the real science but then of course there's ways in which we can try to combine this in a more ascetic quickly zinke way. the main objective 99 percent of the time i'd say is to collect danger

that scientists are going to are going to research on it is not to make beautiful images. that's a side that's a side product you know what i mean. sometimes the images are not very aesthetically pleasing when we get the data the image can come and bits are damaged a little bit with artifacts which the scientists don't care so to speak because they want to they care more about the data they care about the numbers. but we want to use these images for the public want to show these beautiful images for the public sometimes to make this little bridge between what the start of us need and want and what the public needs and can sometimes be a bit of a challenge. i can hear martin saying oh if only they would have composed it like this the other service their own thing you might get is just on the data from this region but sometimes we think actually sickly or what if the

image was a little bit more composed like this of what tends. to be. and sometimes going to capture some of these images it feels like oh it's yeah it's just something which is static but but just a spam scales are a bit different from what we humans are used to so whereas a kind of looks like oh just just stop the nose actually just violently you're. changing. inmarsat as it's actually interesting in just the course of a few years then 20 years we actually see a very beautiful light and because of the light it's going through the gas it's around the year this binary stars and it's actually shining through and it's revealing more of this kind of like blossoming flower. it's really interesting to

see that the entire life of human kind is a very very tiny blip in the history of the universe. they're filmed of gas the sun is set like a bull so the end of. our world is full of nationally occurring shapes passons and symmetry both below and above was him. it may seem random but native has its own intrinsic geometry. feeling from sydney wants to know more about one shade in particular. why are so many things in nature round could it be some kind of panda lac to code the stars the planets including our own everywhere you look spheres and circles are inches coconuts round lentils tomatoes to our eyes blood cells drops of water fear of the

ground across the universe there's no getting around so round thanks to fundamental physical phenomena. first gravity this is what enables large bodies like planets or stars to hold other objects in their orbit. the larger the mass the greater the gravitational force and gravity pulls everything towards the center of a mass so when an object has a lot of mass it will tend to form a sphere where all points on the surface are at the same distance away from the center so even our highest mountains will eventually flatten out and literally be brought back down to earth by gravity. another factor in the physics of round miss is the relation between surface area

and volume a sphere is the most compact shape there is boasting the smallest surface to volume ratio. in other words small on packaging big on context strictly speaking round shaped packets would be far more efficient. everything from flower stems to tree trunks have a round cross-section of the minimize surface area translates into better energy retention and less water evaporation plus less exposure to the elements roundness means stability which is why so many precious things in nature are more or less round. eggs for example the start of life for countless animals. nature once again delivering an elegant marriage of form and function.

as if you know you can't break a rule eg by squeezing it the force is dissipated even the a round the elliptical form and the fluid inside exists accounts of force if you don't believe us trials. and. many processes in nature all psychic hold. they sustain organisms and the environment but things can get out of sync. with resumes do and fail to understand what appears to be a self regulating system. the struggle of life takes us from the cradle to the grave but what may seem like an end can be part of the beginning for other new life . animals die all the time and everywhere in german forests the corpses of larger animals are usually removed if they're found by

hunters or foresters ecologist christiane from home on is interested in what happens when they're left to rot as part of a. research he places dead animals in the forest at a good distance from any hiking trail. this roebuck was hit by a car and has been here for almost a week in the heat it's strong smell of decay spreads far and wide most humans find it disgusting many other species find it most appealing and come brushing the 1st arrivals or flies. to comment that 2nd they come from up to 3 kilometers away they really can smell it from such a great distance that mail a large batches of eggs these white specks 200 to 250 eggs in each batch.

each female lays about and a larva or maggot hatches from each egg each maggot eats 2 grams of flesh before it turns into a fly so if the conditions are right it doesn't take long for a deer to be entirely consumed this is when there are loads of maggots on a corpse they rub up against each other the temperature in the mass of maggots gets really high up to 30 degrees hotter than the air we once measured $47.00 degrees on a red deer the maggots create their own microclimate in which they develop that they can. come on lays insect traps next to the dead animals in order to find out which species come to visit. we often find some that had never before been identified here and the very end forest national park. we found $112.00 species of beetle not usually found in traps with no corpse nearby we call this dark biodiversity the species you don't normally catch. beetles

tend not to hang around a carcass they come devoured. the maggots then move on. the maggots congregate beneath the corpse. and. only species that are already at home in the ecosystem find their way to corpses they only remain there however if there is an adequate supply of dead animals in the. sun burying beetles for example disappear very rapidly from areas where corpses are absent or where there's a lot of human activity and. whom on has made a surprise discovery here dead flies with fuzzy backsides. they've fallen victim to

a toxic fungus and a muffler must die in german it's simply known as fly killer fungus if you get what the fungus infects the fly and kills it then the fungus grows out of the flies body so that it's rare and looks bigger and you can see that with the yellow rings male flies prefer larger females because they lay more eggs so a male copulates with an infected female gets contaminated with fungal spores and spreads them further into the ecosystem right up. her man also sets up camera traps near the corpses they reveal the marger animals which come by our robot for a meal. links frequent corpses as to wolves and wild boar. some birds come for the beetles and maggots. ravens go for the flesh as do other carrion eaters and birds of prey.

we've seen $800.00 species of large bird scavenging off a single corpse all in all including the insects this constitutes an incredible nutritional boost to the ecosystem but dead tree lying in the forest is an extremely important resource over the long term corpses an extremely important short term resource but one that recurs regularly for the entire system benefits of . dead wood and dead animals they all play their part in the ecosystem giving themselves so that others may flourish. determine ecosystem can be applied even to communities of minuscule creatures in tiny spaces. a few drops of water in a garden hose so much life. single celled

organisms nematodes insect larvae mites el sheikh and bacteria to name but a few. species eat the algae. one creatures excrement is another's dinner. which in turn nourish is the algae. they return the favor by producing oxygen which is lapped up by other microbes. and so the carousel of life keeps turning. it around that is red why are going by i don't even know it. is there a question about science and nature you really want answered send it in to us as an e-mail video text ovoid as well if we answer it on the show will send you a little gift as a thank you come on just announced. the more science

stories check out our website d.w. dot com slash science or look for us on twitter. that's all for today join us again next time for more in grossing stories about science and technology. until then but by. the.

the funny. thing. in the. story of prejudice and propaganda. they were called the rhineland bastards. their mothers were germans living in the occupied drying land their fathers soldiers from the french colonies. they grew up in a climate of. racism. because of the children of

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frankfurt airport city managed by from bart. this is the w. news live from far away engine asian teens for cover what is thought to eat engine of a passenger plane that plunged into the java sea with dozens of people on board that comes just hours after they locate the flight data recorders also coming up on the shout from prison to president a nationalist winston churchill stands presidential election a fight ably.