the way admirers and critics alike how is the world's most powerful woman shaping her legacy joining us from eccles last hour. why i subscribe to g.w. books your favorite writer might object to what i write is to share what i find beautiful. on you tube. scientists have made incredible discoveries. many light years away and tiny microorganisms all around us. we continually learning more about the origins of the universe and our planets. the complex ways various parts are interconnected as well as mysteries yet to be solved. welcome to tomorrow today the science show on d w. time

has been around for well it seems like forever the span of even a long human life is but the blink of an only in terms of the cosmos archaeologists and palin tallent just stick up amazing stuff that reveals that our history and prehistory modern humans of the species homo sapiens emerged about 200000 years ago . the earliest traces of animals found so far date back 4000000000 years that's just 600000000 years or so after our son took shape and roughly 100000000 years after the earth itself formed. and that's nothing compared to our galaxy as a whole the milky way it's more than 13000000000 years old. but it all began about 13800000000 years ago with the big bang at least that's the prevailing theory. a

new telescope will soon reveal even more. than james webb space telescope will be able to peer far deeper into space than hubble the primary mirror measures 6.5 meters across that of its predecessor. it's comprised of 18 segments coded in a microscopically thin layer of gold. dominica village salak will be among the 1st to conduct research using the new space telescope. her team is one of 13 that have been chosen to begin work as soon as it's up and running. our fingers met us when you start to really delve into astronomy and realize that what we see with our naked eye when we look up at the starry sky is only a minute part of what is actually there it does something to you. i still get

goosebumps when i think about it. as it stands out and about the astrophysicist is interested in super massive black holes imbedded at the center of large galaxies as they devour the material around them they blast out powerful radiation and ultra fast winds. she says these winds can promote or prevent the formation of stars in a galaxy. the link between black holes in the formation of galaxies is one of the most intensely studied fields in astrophysics. among us my past when you think about the size of a super massive black hole and the size of the galaxy that hosts it the difference is huge. it's like comparing a one. cent coin with the moon. and yet during their active growth phase these

super massive black holes are able to exert such an enormous influence on their galaxy. i'm forced to collect. just how they do that is what she wants to understand after all we need to live in a galaxy the milky way. even as a child dominique a village saavik began to wonder where the edge of the universe lies and what's beyond it but during her childhood she never got a satisfactory answer. so she went on to study physics specialize in astronomy and to land her dream job. as open and fast as affordable but others i'm just so happy to have the privilege of studying the universe as my profession. one about. and that i get to search out the secrets of

the universe. and soon thanks to word she'll be able to study galaxies that are so far away that hubble can only make them out in low resolution. the new telescope will provide a much clearer view of these objects the light from the distant world has taken more than 12000000000 years to reach us so it dates back to a time when black holes were gobbling up huge amounts of material and blasting out powerful winds. the data should reveal what effect that had on the galaxies around them but then the data won't just be 2 dimensional picture cut from a larger picture but 3 dimensional. going to testify did in other words there is the spectrum hiding behind each and every pixel on that 2 dimensional image for. those spectra will show how much gas is contained in released distant

galaxies how fast that gas is moving and even in what direction it's moving. village salic says that data with allow us to understand better how galaxies are formed a filter wheel like this one is also installed in the camera that she will use to study those faraway galaxies it was developed here at the mox planck institute for astronomy. as the launch date approaches the sense of anticipation is rising. the james webb space telescope is due to start its mission next october 14 years later than a regionally planned on earth as a whole just as the launch date gets closer i'll probably start to dream about it right now i'm having nightmares that the whole thing will just blow up. the telescope was so big that both of its so-called. wings will need to be folded so

that it can fit into the launch vehicle. there's never been a satellite with so many moving parts it will take 2 weeks to unfold everything in that time nothing make go wrong 6 months after the launch date the new telescope should finally be ready to begin studying the secrets of the universe. humankind has been puzzling over those secrets for millennia schools of smart and brave people rack their brains and bodies to explore the universe some in space and many be hind the scenes nancy grace roman was a leading astronomer at nasa she celebrated as the mother of hubble the space telescope that's yielded breathtaking views from the depths of space. far beyond earth's atmosphere the hubble space telescope has

a crystal clear view of the universe from its vantage point it can see much that is not visible from the ground. in the sky has revealed the beauty of space and changed our understanding of the cosmos. yet the project was almost doomed when hubble began life short sighted. the catastrophic flaw was only found after march when it sent fuzzy pictures back to earth. but. fortunately hubble construction allowed the problem to be rectified. a total of 5 servicing russians corrected the optics and installed new instruments. that not only extended the life of the orbiting telescope the drilling missions made hubble. the world's best known telescope and help to sharpen the awesome images that capture.

hubble's silent gaze open the way to trail blazing astronomical discoveries. it showed us that the universe is expanding at a constantly increasing rate a discovery that won the nobel prize for physics in 2011 thanks to hubble we also know the universe is about 12 to 13000000000 years old. by looking deeper into space than ever before couple helped our understanding of how galaxies evolve. the data from the telescope reveals that most large galaxies have a supermassive black hole lurking at their center. hubble has given us new insights into the life of stars. how inside clouds of dust they are born.

and how they die. images have enabled us to reconstruct these turbulent processes. more recently public has helped find exoplanets planets orbiting distant stars and even analyzed their atmospheres. if all goes according to plan the hubble space telescope will continue to scan the cosmos until 2025 and perhaps in which us with more exciting discoveries. hubble can actually be seen with the naked eye but only from certain regions at the end of . the space telescope delivers masses of data. respect to one of the people who uses that data to create stunning pictures.

feel the scale and the size of the spillers and even on the images are transforming into. any nation. you feel so much happening then feel the light from the stars in these pillars you see the different layers you see stars on the back of the star on the foreground you see this killer sinitta mean it's really a stunning stunning of. all these little structures on this little. fingers in the gas it's bizarre that from from the stars being born which are shaping carving the gas around the. absolutely stunning.

pictures that i'm a nice but also inspire awe. they were created by martin kahn massa and luis posada a combination of science and art. oh we have them we wanted to know just how it's done so we set up an interview with luis casada which due to the corona virus pandemic was conducted remotely. and the cameras are not like there is no photographic memories in the sense that they snap and it's a beautiful color photo image of the universe know the hubble the gets the data observe the universe through this field they're going to build there is like a little lens that you put in front of the camera but only lets light of a certain wavelength or color passed through. and usually if you want to serve the full object we use many many things there's one of them in the other and then we combine the filters to make a color image. the

colors are very very tightly connected to the real physical processes. after this we start fine tuning in a little bit that's where the artist part comes of course this is kind of like the real they can now and then strongly start adding a little bit more of. a contrast adjustments here and there there's a lot of creative freedom we start with a real date that we combine ins with the real science but then of course there's ways in which we can try to combine this in a more a set the quickly zinke way. the main objective 99 percent of the time it's a is to collect data that scientists are going to are going to research on it is not to make beautiful images. that's a side that's

a side product you know what i mean. sometimes the images are not very aesthetically pleasing when we get the data the image can come and bits are damaged a little bit with artifacts which the scientists don't care so to speak because they want to they care more about the data they care about the numbers. but we want to use these images for the public want to show these beautiful images for the public sometimes to make this little bridge between what the start of us need and want and what the public needs and can sometimes be a bit of a challenge. i can hear martin saying oh if only they would have composed it like this the other service their own thinking my deficiencies on the data from this region but sometimes we think it's a clear what if b. image was a little bit more composed like this one tends. to

do. and some that's going to capture some of these images it feels like oh it's just something which is static but but just the spam scales are a bit different from what we humans are used to so whereas a kind of looks like oh just just stop the nose actually just violently you're. changing. in models a lot as it's actually interesting in just the course of a few years then 20 years we actually see a very beautiful light because of the light it's going through the gas it's around the year this binary stars and it's actually shining through and it's revealing more of this kind of like blossoming flower. it's really interesting to see that the entire life of human kind is a very very tiny blip in the history of the universe.

then formed of gas the son is sex like a bull so is the end of. the world is full of nationally occurring shapes patents and symmetry both below and above water. it may seem random but native has its own intrinsic geometry. feeling spirit from sydney wants to know more about one shape in particular. one are so many things in nature around could it be some kind of pan galactic code the stars the planets including our own everywhere you look spheres and circles are inches coconuts round lentils tomatoes to our eyes blood cells drops of water fear of the ground across the universe there is no getting around surround thanks to fundamental physical phenomena. first gravity this is what enables large

bodies like planets or stars to hold other objects in their orbit. the larger the mass the greater the gravitational force and gravity pulls everything towards the center of a mass so when an object has a lot of mass it will tend to form a sphere where all points on the surface are at the same distance away from the center so even our highest mountains will eventually flatten out and literally be brought back down to earth by gravity. another factor in the physics of roundness is the relation between surface area and volume a sphere is the most compact shape there is posting the smallest surface to volume ratio. in other words small on packaging big on context

strictly speaking round shape packets would be far more efficient. everything from flower stems to tree trunks have a round cross-section of the minimize surface area translates into better energy retention and less water evaporation plus less exposure to the elements roundness means stability which is why so many precious things in nature are more or less round. eggs for example the start of life for countless animals. nature once again delivering an elegant marriage of form and function. if you know you can't break a rule eg by squeezing it the forces dissipated evenly

a round the elliptical form and the fluid inside exits occurrence of force if you don't believe us try it. and. many processes in nature are all cyclical. they sustain organisms and the environment but things can get out of sync. what we humans do and fail to do you can disturb what appears to be a self regulating system. the struggle of life takes us from the cradle to the grave but what may seem like an end can be part of the beginning for other new knife. animals die all the time and everywhere in german forests the corpses of larger animals are usually removed if they're found by hunters or foresters ecologist christan from home on is interested in what happens when they're left to rot as part of

a. research he places dead animals in the forest at a good distance from any hiking trail. this roebuck was hit by a car and has been here for almost a week in the heat its strong smell of decay spreads far and wide most humans find it disgusting many other species find it most appealing and come brushing the 1st arrivals are flies. equipment etc they come from up to 3 kilometers away they really can smell it from such a great distance that may lead large batches of eggs these white specks 200 to 250 eggs in each batch. each female lays a batch of and a larva or maggot hatches from each egg each maggot eats 2 grams of flesh before it turns into a fly so if the conditions are right it doesn't take long for

a deer to be entirely consumed with this is that when there are loads of maggots on a corpse they rub up against each other the temperature and the mass of maggots gets really high up to 30 degrees hotter than the air we once measured $47.00 degrees on a read did the maggots create their own microclimate in which they develop significant. come on lays insect traps next to the dead animals in order to find out which species come to visit. he often find some that had never before been identified here and the very in forest national park. we found a $112.00 species of beetle not usually found in traps with no corpse nearby we call this dark biodiversity the species you don't normally catch. beetles tend not to hang around a carcass they come devours. maggots then move on. the

maggots congregate beneath the corpse. and the. only species that are already at home in the ecosystem find their way to corpses only remain there however if there is an adequate supply of dead animals. in the. sun burying beetles for example disappear very rapidly from areas where horses are absent or where there's a lot of human activity and. her man has made a surprise discovery here dead flies with fuzzy backsides they've fallen victim to a toxic fungus and a muffler must die in german it's simply known as fly killer fungus if you get what the fungus infects the fly and kills it then the fungus grows out of the flies body

so that it's rare and looks bigger and you can see that with the yellow rings male flies prefer larger females because they lay more eggs so a male copulates with an infected female gets contaminated with fungal spores and spreads them further into the ecosystem in light of. her man also sets up camera traps near the corpses they reveal the larger animals which come by our robot for a meal. links frequent corpses as still moves and wild boar. some birds come for the beetles and maggots. and raisins go for the flesh and other carrion eaters and birds of prey. we've seen $800.00 species of large bird scavenging off a single corpse all in all including the insects this constitutes an incredible

nutritional boost to the ecosystem a dead tree lying in the forest is an extremely important resource over the long term of corpses an extremely important short term resource but one that recurs regularly but the entire system benefits on. dead wood and dead animals they all play their part in the ecosystem giving themselves so that others may flourish. the term ecosystem can be applied even to communities of minuscule creatures in tiny spaces . a few drops of water in a garden posts so much life. single celled organisms nematodes insect larvae mites al-shehri and bacteria to name but a few. some

species eat the algae. one creatures excrement is another's dinner. which in turn nourishes the algae. they return the favor by producing oxygen which is lapped up by other microorganisms and so the carousel of life keeps turning. it around that is red why our great fire on a very few it. is there a question about science or nature you really want answered send it in to us as an e-mail video text over as well if we answer it on the show will save you a little gift as a thank you come on just because. someone assigned stories check out our website d.w. dot com slash science or look for us on twitter.

that's all for today join us again next time for more in grossing stories about science and technology. until then but i.

to. be. carted off under terrible conditions german cattle into animal transport constantly for days at a time without food and water. a team of 4 corners follows the trucks to russia central asia africa they want to find out who's responsible for this animal cruelty. in 75 minutes on t w. i was fishing when i arrived here i slept with 6 people in

a room. it was hard i was fair. i even got white hairs out of. the german language head nodding off this gets me and they go bust me to interact with the place you want to know their story. her fighting in for a lot of information for margaret. it's about billions. it's about power. it's about the foundation of the move toward the new silk road. china plans to expand its influence with this trade network also in europe conflicts are inevitable the consequences contradict the good incentive for the good guys ever since the chinese investor got

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. as the daily news live from berlin are in all sports that. compares the bomb that stormed the u.s. capitol to the kristallnacht. he was and. is the true security guard in 1000. of the nazi equivalent of the problem for. a former governor of california condemns donald trump as the house of represented.