on the island of 10 a refit where almost ideal conditions prevail for observing the sky. as the largest telescope in europe this telescope helps compliment observations by the parkers solar probe from earth. usually air turbulence in the atmosphere poses an obstacle to observing the sun from earth but luzzi a client has a special mirror in her telescope that can compensate for such distortions. what's more the swiss scientist can observe the sun around the clock from here. the park is all approach the congress only prayed can take measurements there not giving certain periods when it's close to the sun well we can take solar measurements every day. the telescope strong point however is it particularly high resolution enabling the astrophysicist to study the sun spots with precision.

is on the head i mean his son has an 11 year cycle meaning that every 11 years it exhibits a particularly large number of cardinal mass ejections and sunspots and we've been aware of this cycle for centuries in the past sunspots were seen as somehow evil because every time their current they lead to disturbances and so less storms but we now know that sunspots are actually just cool areas on the sunset. around the spots the sun's surface resembles a pot of boiling water with hot plasma rising from the depths cooling down and sinking back down again this results in a vibrant pattern of bright bubbles with dark ages. and investigating them took fine tuning and cooperation. in solar physics we always try to

aggregate it data from all telescopes and space probes because only by combining them can we really find out about the sun. if such extensive observations had been being carried out back in 1909 canada might not have experienced the devastating power outage that affected 6000000 people. in the winter weather of quebec at minus 7 degrees not only did the district heating fail but the children's hospitals power suddenly went out in the middle of several surgical operations the transformers couldn't handle the enormous power surges. in austria the electricity grid provider a.p.g. therefore operates transformers designed to compensate for the hazardous d.c. currents caused by solar wind however it will take decades for these kinds of

transformers to become commonplace because due to their prohibitive costs electricity grid operators can only install such a transformers here and there a solution must be found. and fallen. when i saw no wind head south it so facts are not limited to a small space but they actually impact a very large area meaning multiple transformers will undoubtedly be hit when numerous elements fail at once however there's not truly results in power outages and in the worst case even a blackout and pick. boca both know wants to make sure that solar storms do not become nasty surprises which is why scientists shouldn't be the only ones privy to the solar day to record it. instead they should be an easily accessible option for anyone to quickly get an idea of the sun's conditions and

folk a boat has developed an app the directly displays nasa's observations of the sun. since the topic is becoming increasingly important to us and society i wanted to develop a space weather app enabling you to have easy access to information about the sun's activity at any time along with what consequences that might have in the coming days. reading tea leaves to forecast solar storms is no alternative to scientists working with validated data to make their predictions even if they are tested to their limits. of their own this is the sun is so complex that you can't simulate it as a whole you can imagine it's magnetic field like a rubber band running from the north to the south pole will tell you that the sun rotates faster at it's quite said than at the poles meaning this rubber band gets

twisted up which is precisely what leads to sell the storms. the magnetic field lines binds tons of plasma to them however if they become so in tangled that they burst open by hurtle this plasma out into the void of space. it's still relatively young clay where the solar storm scandal predicted a tool because if 7 storms attempt a chaotic we'll never be able to predict them several days in advance. solar storms not only hit planet earth but also the spherical zones around us which are home so orbiting g.p.s. satellites among other things and these form the basis for our navigation systems.

there is the g.p.s. is disturbed by solar storms this also is your determined position you'll certainly know you're in europe or america that you know when you know if the runway is ahead of you or to you so might enable. imprecise navigation is a nightmare for pilots and aviation safety with accurate signals absolutely mandatory in order for nothing to go wrong. this problem can pose life threatening risks for example when japan temporarily lost control of 2 g.p.s. satellites in 2003. g.p.s. signals move through the iona steer that surrounds earth like a shell so if it's deformed by a solar storm this distorts such signals. but it lets during the last strong solar storm a few years ago about 60 aircraft were not allowed to take off and

a flight radar. failed in scandinavia flu qadosh it's got. some american airlines are already taking space weather into account and the international civil aviation organization recently established a working group to determine when aircraft must remain on the ground. co-creator we need hard space weather data for forecasting and we need appropriate standards enabling information to be passed on worldwide as to what effects can be expected under what space weather conditions and what actions must be taken but that is still in the process of being developed for the coming years. nature has its own struggle with space weather with some birds and insects for example the monarch butterfly relying on their own navigation system based on earth's magnetic field. this normally enables them to reliably find their way to their winter home however

if earth's magnetic field is disturbed by a solar storm the sensitive insects get lost. in autumn when the sun is no higher than 52 degrees in the sky it gives the starting signal for millions of monarch butterflies to begin their 3000 kilometer journey from the higher latitudes of north america down to mexico. every year they land at exactly the same place again within an area of just 20 hec terrace for 5 months they take in the sun along the pine trees before starting their return trip. but they lack the strength to persevere for the long trip and will never reach their distant home in north america. the parkas solar probe also requires a lot of energy for its long flight 1st it must fly to faraway jupiter to pick up

extra momentum and be flung by its gravitational pull before venturing onward to the sun. but the concept has been the subject of spirited debate among researchers because the side trip to jupiter would require the probe to be equipped with its own nuclear power plant entailing an enormous investment even for nasa guys where one or 3 of the way we think that's progress i think we have to discuss a couple of your folk or boatman discuss the flight route with the nasa team once again and the costs were too high so when you trajectory had to be found russell howard and folk aboard considered one path might work as an alternative to the jupiter route we're going to change the trajectory of our satellite by hitting readers and then. go directly to the sun. and i can see the ok

so here i am sitting on my rocket i have to get the speed right true. you need end the nasa scientists agreed that the probe should start off toward venus where it will be slowed down by passing by before continuing onward to the sun. these also significantly increases the available measuring times because the packers solar probe will not go around the sun just twice but $24.00 times. the european space agency e.s.a. is also working on solving the mystery surrounding solar storms and have also been developing their own probe for over 12 years called the solar orbiter. ice but 24 times. the european space agency e.s.a. is also working on solving the mystery surrounding solar storms and have also been

developing their own probe for over 12 years called the solar orbiter. this is on the boats with. a special thing about a silo orbiter is it trajectory which will take us out of the plane of the sound system all our observations so far from the perspective of. and because all the planets revolve strictly within the plane of the solar system like on a record it would take a lot of effort to escape this ecliptic and we feel what we are missing is data from the solar pole about the only way to see the poles is to fly out of the atlantic and observe the poles from above. danielle miller coordinates the various solar orbiter tames and one of their biggest challenges is to ensure that the 1000000000 euro object can withstand the heat in france for example various materials have been tested for years to do just that. you sums

i.v. a different because we have managed to develop special materials and methods for these instruments enabling them. not to melt. really metal you off of so that the instruments can continue taking measurements and achieve the expected result of your documenting on. 10 different measuring instruments have been developed for the solar orbiter one is able to detect the x. rays from the sun with this instrument physicist see a client utilizes an optical grid that the x. rays passed through. an important stepping stone in the study of solar storms. in safe fund visible light you can only see the effects of soda eruptions that through x. rays you can investigate that causes in our instruments we have 2 metal grades and on them you can see a pattern caused by the x. rays on the pattern is unique and varies depending on where the soldier eruption

occurred on the sun thus allowing us to determine exactly where the particles came from that fund. the special ability to locate the eruptions is unique to the e.s.a. solo orbiter probe nasser's park a solar probe can't do that so both probes will complement each other. assembly had to be 1st with just a year before launch the probe and all its details had to be finalized. meanwhile the start up procedures were being tested in the control center over several months. ago. you know only 2020 the probe was finally ready for launch.

in the many iranian army will be good operating grammarian are going to be off. the solar orbit so we'll spend 7 years collecting data from the sun employing its 10 different on board measuring systems all from different european countries. either so now oprah has meant a lot to me because it has shown that you can build a very complex things together with a lot of other people all incorporating their different areas of expertise i've seen over the past 12 years how many people have invested many years of their lives giving it their all to make this as good as possible. yes to getting solar storms has been a long held dream for many nasa scientists too as early as 958 when nasa was founded there were those who wanted to conduct a mission to the sun at the time assistant professor eugene parker had only just proposed the theory that there might be solar winds for his bold thesis to be

verified they would have to we're going to use a mission to the sun we knew that the space age was coming and that we would soon pass directly whether there was a solar well that ever since the matter of a few years of time. doesn't make time for her adams or the difficulty in praising the existence of solar wind slay not only in our inability to launch a space mission but also in the fact that the phenomenon was disputed by respected scientists eugene hawkers theory was completely unprecedented and was rejected by many. the referee a suggestion i don't allow are her. rear bob bob and not want to make such statements. oh. i don't know why i was so dumb part of her some people are just don't see see things.

in a new way one time changes and concepts change there's no change when that there is a. change and. they dislike and then pass iowa saw. a good rational changes flung. out over 90 years old mr parker is finally able to reap the benefits of his work in astrophysics 60 years after he discovered solar winds it's now possible to take the 1st measurements and photos of them in the middle of the corona. and the spacecraft has been named the parkers solar probe in his honor. where heat of the sun is unfathomable rising to 15000000 degrees celsius at its core the energy is then emitted outward via particles in

a process that can take hundreds of thousands of years during this long journey outward the particles become fatigued diminishing in energy and turning into visible light. scientists have determined that the sun's visible surface still has a temperature of 6000 degrees however. the space probe is prevented from melting mainly through its heat shield composed of carbon compounds a mere 11 centimeters thick. but the question remains as to whether this will suffice to protect the measuring instruments. while the side of the heat shield facing the sun is meant to withstand up to $1400.00 degrees the dark side will be almost room temperature. in addition a water circuit cools the solar cells in order to prevent them from overheating.

and after all temperature is not the same as heat temperature is only a means of measurement while heat itself is discharged energy. in gaseous heat the energy particles are spread out so thin that the probe would hardly come into contact with them meaning despite temperatures in the corona of 2 to 3000000 degrees the heat doesn't pose a risk to the spacecraft. at nasa the parkers solar probe was almost finished and only a few tests remained this mission success would depend heavily on whether the camera mr howard and mr boatman had developed was stable enough even for a space flight or their design is very sturdy weighing in at 10 kilograms but a rocket launch is so powerful that it's necessary to conduct a special vibration test. this is

a critical point for all space missions which is why there's a dedicated laboratory where the vibrations can be simulated. part of constructing a space experiment is proving that it's going to work in space that it's going to survive this very violent launch i mean i i can't imagine being an astronaut sitting on top of a rocket. during during or just just. that there just boggles my mind that somebody would do that slowly. it's a very tough ride and but so that the vibration is is part of the launch the launch sequence. the camera cover could also present a problem because if it were to fail to open the lenses would be blinded.

the parkas solar probe thus underwent test after test. 3 months before along. with skiver that we have a problem with a set of heat sensors on the spacecraft. we had 87 of them. on the spacecraft and just a few of them and when they see a few i think it's 3 or 4 feet. i remember that they gave italy it was it was absolutely electric. and the team was so nervous i mean we are seeing the finish line. but we may not cross and that was that was not a good feeling to have but the team is so great so. in a month and a half. they came up with a solution we don't store the new system of its sense of spacecraft. but on top of that figured out what part what was the root cause of the failures of the other the

old system and now when the spacecraft we have to system of it's sensors and they are working both live together and beautifully without problems. only the largest available rocket the delta 4 heavy could provide enough lift to launch the probe from cape canaveral air force station in florida. 65 k.'s 3210 such as the idea of delta for having rocks with passes parker saw the world. bank back and that day in 2018 a lifelong dream of eugene parker's came true.

the further away the probe is from earth the more difficult it becomes to communicate with it and directly at the sun there is radio silence. operating like a sort of probe is one of the most challenging aspects of the mission. when we get into the encounter more when the spacecraft is very close of song it has to be 100 percent of one of us. by that i mean if there is something that happens of

spacecraft it has already paid such we cannot intervene we cannot do anything for. a world wide network event tenners enables data to be exchanged and yet contact between earth and the probe is only possible when the 2 are in a particular configuration with each other. so basically when we get in the. encounter mode the only way to communicate with spacecraft is what we call a beacon tolls and because those are fairly limited bits of deliberately that tells us the overall state of the operations level of the spacecraft and they are emitted but we called the fund beams and this front beams that emit basically 180 degrees wide. beam of view and the earth has to be very large in this in this 1000000000 really in order to detect it for good and hopefully today will get through. so

the turners tucked behind the. wheel yes it would not see the. some satellite of has to operating temperature. so let's look young. now all the scientists could do was wait and see until the parkas solar probe could transmit its 1st data a journey that would take $88.00 days and nights $88.00 days that would pass according to the rhythm of the sun as they have passed for millions of years. solar time is the time shown by a sundial the engineer carlo helen develops sundials himself and he and his daughter a well acquainted with the rhythm the sun sets out for us and how the day is divided into hours and minutes. and the sun dials produced here you can see that our official summer and winter

times rarely coincide with true solar time yet solar time is crucial for our bodies . is allocated among all the sun rises in the morning and when it reaches its zenith this is referred to as solar noon the real midday zone side and it's defined as 12 o'clock solar time and this noon divides the day into 2 halves of exactly the same length and are circadian rhythm is based on solar time and centered around 12 o'clock noon and it . now bodily functions depend on this solar time and sun dials show us which phase of the day we're in. the sonic youth. as the sun rises our blood pressure and body temperature rise and we wake up and then when the amount of blue light he creases again isn't even in our bodies release melatonin

and we lie down again to sleep and the next morning it all starts back over again thanks to the sun. the sun's power and radiance are immense and there's no doubt that we live in its atmosphere as scientists say making it all the more urgent for us to explore the sun's mysteries using all the means at our disposal. if there is only we will observe the sun with telescopes we will also measure the breath of a sun in the solar wind as it passes by the satellite and if we can really make that connection with data from the parkers solar probe we will really be able to reconstruct a chain of cause and effect and manage to better understand our place in a solar system as of last in. the nasa mission is going

according to plan so far with the parkas solar probe sending it signals worth on time there's a feeling of suspense in the control room whenever a new dater is expected because the special camera developed by mr boatman and mr howard is already providing sensational pictures after the 1st phase of the mission it became clear to the scientists that the image we had had of the sun so far was far too simplistic before the launch we had a workshop to. basically to make predictions of what corporate bucket sort of probes going to see in space. all the predictions are completely broke what we are seeing in the data isn't youth new phenomenon that if you nominate but we never seen into saw it before. it's now clear that the magnetic field lines of the sun do not spread out evenly but instead they course pantone a sleaze exacts within seconds and this may be

a key element in understanding solar storms. the 2 probes will continue sending data earth for several years and each revolution around the sun will reveal new findings. science will trying to provide us with the answers to pressing questions in order to protect us from the dangers posed by the sun.

the residents can finally party again and who hunt trying to work things are almost back to normal it was from listening to the corona virus spread over around the world. now it's considered defeated here china's crisis management seem to perform well. but the roic tail has many flaws and losers 3 to. 30 minutes on t.w. . africa. these freshly hatched sea turtles in ivory coast are under threat. are their greatest enemies. but one n.g.o.s working with researchers in the maritime police to protect them. saving the sea turtles hybrid cooks. for. 90 minutes d w. young

moroccan emigrants. they know the police will stop the. they know that the road is not a solution. they know their flight could be fatal. going back he's not an option. i'm on and gravity are stuck in the spanish border area alongside other young people there waiting for a chance that will probably never come. shattered dreams starts january 18th on t.w. but a lot of. this

is due w. news these are top stories donald trump has rejected any responsibility for the violent siege of the u.s. capitol building in washington and many accuse him of inciting the u.s. president also dismisses moves by democrats to remove him from office before his term ends next week mr trump was on his way to texas to review progress on additions to the border wall with mexico. chancellor angela merkel is telling her party that germany needs another.