another bleak and wintry week in berlin the streets are mostly empty and many who do need to go out we are a mosque this seems to be helping there's been a slight drop in covert 19 infections but it's not enough the government is preparing to tighten restrictions and berlin is saying that's a good thing. i think being strict to make since and i'm hoping this will finally bring it all to an end. honestly it'd be great if people just realize that it's not getting any better and that they should stay at home. i really hope that we realize that we'll have to put up with these restrictions until at least the summer. the government he said to want to stop office workers from commuting and push them into working from home more that's partly because travelling on public transport poses a particularly high in fiction risk politicians and health authorities are also extremely warm read about the threat posed by covert 19 mutations which has led to

a steep rise in infections in some countries so. highly infectious variants of the corona virus have been detected in germany one very into spray 3 great britain the other through south africa and at the moment we have further warring reports from brazil. right now the pandemic has a firm hold on germany even though the situation in hospitals and intensive care units is showing signs of easing. it's like so welcome now a professor dr michael meyer herman from the helmholtz center for inspection research and colleges like he and other experts will be advising german politicians before they discuss additional measures to contain the rise in infections professor very welcome describe to us the current situation right now in germany. well as you just described we have strengthened lock down since the center 16 and

the fact that we saw is mostly because of fluctuations during the christmas and new years time we had dramatic dramatic changes in the testing frequency so we were not able actually to interpret the data correctly there now it's coming back to normal and we see a slowly became number of infections over time so the good news is that the lockdown obviously helps there is some effect that we can observe but it is comparatively low so that the numbers go down rather slowly and we estimate that we are running with a reproduction number of 9 or something in this range and so that we will take months in order to bring down these numbers into a reasonable range always you like to see happen next what would you like to tell the government. well the situation in germany is that we need to bring down the numbers more quickly so we have made an investigation already have

a year ago about economic costs and that as the shaded with the doctor homes and what we should show there is that. reproduction and of open 7 also in this range is optimal in terms of the economic cost so that contradict or contradiction that is often claimed namely that we. we have a contradiction between the interests of economy and health is actually wrong we can not do a proper economy to vittie with the virus in place and that we need to remove the virus not only for health reasons but also in order to open the economy again and bring it to full power so the obvious implication of that is that we have to bring down the numbers and in view of the new variant that is now threatening us i think it is even more urgent and we will have to make conservative actions in order to

bring down the numbers more quickly so that we prevent the new variant to come up in germany as well. as and this will allow us to actually break down the numbers to really don't and so we are currently discussing kind of 0 covert strategy that could then expand over europe and successively well is there a covert strategy would require a successful vaccination program there is room for improvement right i mean what is why is it not going as well there were a lot of vaccinations in germany. vaccination is well it's helpful on the long term but for the moment we have made a clear priority and it's. it's a clear and good decision that we did that namely to vaccinate the other the 1st and vocal population so that has the good reason that we want to save their lives and. i think this is fair enough and but what it does not make is that it will not

bring down the numbers because this is just a group particularly the group that has loads contacts in the society so that the effect on the depend only will be low if we vaccinate these people so the only way of getting down with the numbers is really with non-pharmaceutical measures so reducing the contexts and i think if we are not forced by the new variant to bring down the numbers it's a good occasion to bring them down to 0 and to establish some kind of zones that can successfully expand in germany and then over europe professor michael meyer harriman from the helmholtz center of infection for infection research and contract thank you for joining us sir thank you. and we're going to turn our attention now to the u.s. where president south is preparing to issue a more than $100.00 pardons and come commute komi taishan is on tuesday well

trump's last full day on trump's last full day in office well the list of clemencies includes some white collar criminals and high profile colleagues but reportedly will not include trump himself well meanwhile all 50 us states are on high alert ahead of wednesday's inauguration of president elect joe biden which trump will not attend well some 25000 national guard troops have been deployed in washington d.c. fears of unrest from right wing protesters over the weekend proved unfounded but after january 6 law enforcement agents won't be letting their guard down. after the storm ahead of joe biden's inauguration wednesday the level of security in washington is unprecedented after the attack on the capitol on january 6th there was a fear of further on rast not just here but across the united states. that's all of this stand that there's a perceived or

a real success of the january 6th attack so these organizations are now an old it by setting up if you will deterring future events because of the presence of law enforcement and military death sending a message to people reading as recent as today that many of these organizations decided that they want to stand down. the investigation into the siege of the capital is posing on comfortable questions why was it so easy for the rioters to beach both the west and the east side of the building. new video evidence of the storming emerges daily it's not clear that dozens of the rioters were listed in the f.b.i.'s database as potential terrorist. and democrats are asking if the rioters had inside help from republican officials. there's numbers of congress and the troops coming through the capitol that i saw and generate their. own recognizance

the next day as members of congress that decided the silent crowd. do individual republican officials have links to radical groups and if so how extensive are the investigators are ruling nothing odd security inside the capitol has been stepped up with lawmakers now required to submit to metal detector scans. several 100 arrests have been made across the country in connection with the storming of the capitol. this man was detained in nashville tennessee on sunday experts believe there are night tens of thousands of far right militants in the united states who could be mobilized by radical organizations. it's going to be a cost and challenges we deal with them because it's a if they've been radicalized and the embers have grown obviously over the last over the term of this last administration and we're hoping now that we can return to some sense of normalcy that these agencies should be restored in the guardrails

that were placed for a constitution can be put back in place for annoy the capital secure the stage for the inauguration is set for zones of national guard troops are on standby they would all be hoping that the calm after the storm does not become the calm before the storm. but i want to turn now to sherry berman she is a professor of political science at barnard college in new york an affiliate of columbia university a very good day professor now outgoing president and donald trump is set to issue a solar array of pardons on his last day in office up to 100 people could be pardoned as has ever happened before. well presidents are entitled to give pardons but trump is act has made much greater use of this power than others and a lot of his pardons have been seen by folks as not just questionable but quite porous and the key question of course that people had in their minds was whether he

would preemptively pardon himself or members of his family as your commentary mentioned earlier it seems he will not do that but that would be the biggest constitutional question of all and the sense that it would be unprecedented and the legality of that is quite unclear let's talk now about his presidency has unraveled in a very spectacular way what will happen after wednesday well that is another excellent question and it's a big debate going on currently within the republican party of course as well as within the united states mitch mcconnell the senate majority leader has given his colleagues the green light to both their conscience when discussions of trying come out when the impeachment trial moves to the senate and republicans more generally are really talking now about what the future if there is there is a real question about whether this party will continue to follow in the path of

trump even after he is gone from office or whether it will try to shift back to a more standard traditional conservative party i mean this is a this is the big question not just for the republicans but for the united states our democracy cannot survive if one of our parties is dominated by people who really question the fundamentals of our constitution of our elections and of the norms of democracy more generally so i mean will the movement that coalesced around president trump will they just go ahead and and. get their own party i mean how do you see this how do you see this developing i mean will he go rogue and start his own political party to rival the republican party well i mean look in the united states unlike in germany and most other european countries we have a 1st past the post majority here in system which carries a very very heavy fire against their party so should trump try to form his own

political movement as opposed to try to maintain control over the republican party he would be in a very strong structural advantage disadvantage simply because as i said there are a lot for old system you know it's a majority here in system so the biggest party is going to when voting for a 3rd party is generally seen as a wasting your vote however continuing to try to head up a political movement outside of one of the mainstream parties could enable trump not only to maintain a lot of influence but to maintain a level of sort of chaos and divisiveness in the american political system that would really stop the country and the biden ministration from sort of recalibrating in trying to get us back on a course where we can solve all our social economic and political problems so what trump decides to do next whether within the republican party without will really obviously have a great impact on how the united states moves forward all right professor sherry or

burma nuff from that barnard college in new york thank you for joining us. my pleasure. and a reminder now of the top story that we're tracking for you this hour back home and behind bars the kremlin's fiercest critical lexan of ali has been jailed for 30 days upon his return to moscow the opposition leader was immediately arrested and called me for it and crump to court a makeshift court over of all the years says his treatments makes a mockery of justice the united states and the e.u. by calling for his least. this if you don't reduce lies from coming out good next is news asia don't forget you can always do enough today by heading to our website the student to come and make sure to also follow us on twitter and instagram you'll find us under apps and simply all rock and roll land thank you so much for coming.

to. one problem. it. beats your you. can't believe in a fuel economy. how will climate change affect us and our children. slash water. where i come from we have to fight for a free press and was born and raised in a military dictatorship but just want to be shot now and if your newspapers when official information as a journalist i have walked off the streets like many can trust and bad problems are almost the same point to the social inequality

a lack of the freedom of the press and. we can afford to stay silent when it comes to the fans of the humans and see the microphones who have decided to put their trust in us. my name is johnny carson and current. this is the wus a show coming up today the targeted violence that's going on about his son's best and brightest. female judges of the latest victims in a string of attacks against high profile of guns a deliberate strategy by village and groups all of negotiating tactic during ongoing peace talks. emergency teams in indonesia all stretched to the limit after

last week's devastating earthquake in western overseeing look at the increasingly desperate search and rescue efforts. and the policy on bangkok's world famous back at the strip is on hold thanks to the pandemic how when local businesses survive without the throngs of tourists. i'm british by the day welcome to news asia glad you could join us to women judges of of gunnison supreme court of the latest to be. killed in a wave of targeted attacks in the country over the last 2 months at least 5 journalists have been killed either by unidentified gunman or by bombs this in addition to failed assassination attempts on members of civil society a former lawmaker a film director even of the nissans vice president. the killings have

mostly gone unclaimed but all thought is blame the taliban a group which the government is a gauged in peace talks with indoor this at a time the united states has greatly reduced its troop numbers leaving open the question of security in a country already bearing the brunt of 2 decades of war. with relatives and neighbors mourn the dead the 2 supreme court judges were on their way to work when they were killed the women were among some 200 female judges on the court according to authorities kabul has seen a spate of attacks recently targeting high profile figures spreading fear this article show that. i was told that madam judge was martyred when i arrived here i saw blood stains on the ground what can i say where should we go to live a peaceful life. gunmen riding

a motorcycle shop the 2 women in an ambush on their car the driver of the court vehicle was injured afghan president ashraf ghani blamed the attack on the taliban and called on the insurgent group to accept the permanent ceasefire with the afghan army the taliban say they were not responsible for the killings. the attack comes amid ongoing peace talks with the taliban in qatar women's rights activists have warned the talks could lead to a decrease in rights they have gained over the last 2 decades attacks on u.s. forces have stopped in afghanistan after the trumpet ministration began withdrawing troops as part of a deal brokered with the taliban and talks with the afghan government however have stalled amid ongoing violence. if the blood is gone but the fear remains the last 20 years saw significant progress for women in afghanistan with this latest attack faced the clock could be turned back on that

progress. drawing an awful. more is journalist a little of the from bull a wave of attacks on people in the arts media and government is this being viewed as a deliberate strategy by militant groups or a negotiating tactic to strengthen the taliban's hand during ongoing talks. it's definitely seen as a liberal strategy by whoever is conducting these attacks and i think that that's the biggest fear and the biggest issue for people is that we still know the government says that 99 percent of these attacks are written by the taliban the toll on vehemently tonight this and it's actually very difficult to prove exactly who is behind these attacks so whatever it is it's a question of is a specific is it just a deliberate strategy or is it a deliberate strategy tied with copycat where other groups and mafia and.

you know other actors could be taking advantage of this moment to target basically whoever they dislike for whatever reason that's really the biggest fear of the people is that they have no sense of exactly what's behind these attacks and who could be perpetrating them whether it's one hooper several. and one of those attacks occurring on you all to have these talks going on with the taliban in the door i mean do these talks so many meaning in them now. the problem in like this is this what we have to remember that it's been something like 3 or 4 months now that the talks were supposed to have officially begun but at this point the talks are still very much you know they're what they have been since 20112012 when the taliban 1st write it off it's still in the issue of talks about talks it's still them discussing the specific points of the agenda and the verbiage and who will attend what discussions and what they will say and how does that

change the structure it's nowhere near the actual level of direct. point it talks about very specific issues yet it's still very much the logistics going on you know like 8910 years later. not one of the get into the taliban gave to the united states at the time of agreeing to the door talks with the afghan government is that they wouldn't allow the other attacks to continue under them now given what's happening does that get into you haven't you weight behind it. well the thing is it's like you know we have to know that we still don't know what is behind the specific target killing in these sorts of issues so it's all on a possible tonight guilty in that sense but there have been attacks that have staged you know they specifically said that we want to act as strict censors that we want to attack big cities that we want to attack highly populated areas and they have been doing that there have been several instances of that we're they themselves us that we did this you know they may be smaller cities but they're still kept the

provincial capital. and so there are questions of whether that brought in the spirit of the agreement and then the taliban also says the u.s. resuming certain levels of airstrikes and things like that that kind of spirit of the agreement but it seems that neither side wants to leave each deal all together in the middle of all of this the united states has reduced its troop presence considerably with the new administration coming in the united states in the by the middle of the we does of con government want another relook at the rule of the taliban or potentially u.s. commitments in afghanistan. oh i've been talking to people within the government for several months now and the one thing they all want is a direct answer at this point they're saying listen if you want to stay stay but be committed and tell us what your level of commitment is be very upfront you know tell us specifically what you're going to do and if you're going to leave than just

late you know just tell us this date we're leaving we're off you know the rest is up to you but at the end of the day all the government wants is a solid answer yes or no which just tell us exactly what you need to know more of this wishy washy no more because if you look at the top it meant she was very back and forth you know for a while trump was saying he absolutely refused to just negotiate with the taliban and. al just a little less than a year later he began the negotiations and several times he's threatened to take out every soldier so at the end of the day all the government wants a clear direct answer. on it if you're in trouble to remove it there but thank you so much for joining us. medics in indonesia sort of a.c.i.m. the battling exhaustion and the risk of covert 19 as a treat scores of people injured by last week's earthquake more than 80 people were killed and thousands left homeless by the powerful 6.2 magnitude quake that struck

early friday in a race against time rescuers are scrambling to find people still buried in the rubble. searching for victims in a sea of rubble it's been 4 days since the disaster risk it was know the chances of finding anyone alive grow more remote by the hour. when we use our sense of smell to detect a kind borden's before going any further in the search. if we can reach the victim we ask the excavator to help clear the way. so we can go deeper. but what's your name and joe who's next to you catherine is she still breathing you still hear the sound but it's hard to hear. some of. the $6.00 magnitude quake struck in tunisia sulawesi island in the early hours of last

friday. rescuers have since been working around the clock to save lives. hundreds of houses of collapsed including this government building. the disaster has also left tens of thousands homeless in the shelters the refuse of contracting covert 19 but for those who escaped death the virus is a much more manageable challenge. and after the earthquake some young people were looking for survivors. there was shouting who's alive i replied yes i'm alive and my family and i crawled out from under the rubble to save our lives. not everyone was lucky rescuers have recovered dozens of bodies and the death toll is expected to rise. now but my up whenever i found a dead body i often cried. but i cried in my heart inside.

i shouldn't be seen crawling while i'm on judy i have to be strong. these rescuers are valid to carry on with this search until everyone is accounted for. the government in a severe blow to bangkok strip the once bustling house on rort is not devoid of foreign tourists and the bars and restaurants who depend on them are now facing grim prospects. on other days when bangkok backpackers street was filled with tourists and party go. today it's just an empty strip with a few stores still operating. shopkeepers like you. on the brink of despair. this street was never asleep. argue now that you could earn

a living both during the day and night there are so many foreign visitors and some local. ordinances depend hit where everything's gone there are no foreign tourists and hardly any thais come here. officially called the council on road the street used to be especially busy in april when thais celebrate their new year a water festival would take place which was cancelled and 2020. copes as slim that it will return this year as thailand still struggles with the surge of coronavirus cases. 2021 does not look promising for the country's tourism. the best year that we can ever hear is. a year on the tourism ok i think the best that we can get for this year 2021 maybe 10 millions of case all you have to wait and added 2 more years

to make the tourism come back as normal. and that's way too long for you town of. he says he might have to move back to the countryside if the situation continues as it is now. but he still hoping that one term ists would turn to bangkok brighter days will come. that's of. the fight against the coronavirus pandemic. has the rate of infection developing what does the latest research say. information and context around a virus. hi

neal and i'm game did you know that 700000000000 land animals are killed worldwide so that we can. but it's not just the animals at all suffering it's the environment we went on a journey to find ways out of the machine if you want to know how and when clicked the priest and the whole truth changed the things to listen to our podcast on the green. race for a vaccine the rollout of mass inoculation programs the world's never seen so many funds flow into the prevention of a disease. but while everyone's focused on back scenes what about a cure or treatment for those infected all those of us who could still catch the corona virus especially as

a 2nd or 3rd wave crests in many countries. it is near now you need a 3 month lockdown and not 3 weeks does know what the treatment and we still have problems. tens of millions of people around the world are still fighting for their minds. hospitals only have a small arsenal of treatments against covert 19 and health authorities have their reservations about some of them the other catch is that all of the treatments have to be given early in the course of the disease otherwise they can be counterproductive. seriously ill covert 1000 patients can expect to get much more effective treatment nowadays doctors are no longer fighting an unknown calling and dizzy as they were in the initial stages of the demick they know much more about the coronavirus its effects on the medication which can help in an emergency oh i don't mind listen this is off to go to simple for one we know the old depends on proactive treatment of symptoms consistently reducing fever pain

relief antibiotics if needed additional oxygen and if necessary prompt ventilation . and we also have 2 treatments strategies now which target the disease more accurately. it's a. doctors treating serious cases of covert 19 now rely primarily on those medications rem disappear is used to restrict viral rep reduction. but it needs to be administered in the early stages of treatment however a recent study by the world health organization calls a stir when it said rem disappear only has a minimal or even no influence on mortality or the length of hospital stays. covert 900 specialists of how overs university hospital say they've had different results with us. has high quality studies which show rendez severe has a measurable effect on the course of the disease for the often especially if administered promptly and the patient is not seriously ill but the window of

opportunity with patients like those in intensive care who've been symptomatic for longer than rem disappear probably won't work and the studies also clear about what it does the. doctors have also discovered that administering cortisone to severely ilk over 1000 patients can be quite effective we now know the coronavirus provokes life threatening immune system reactions involving drastic inflammation of organs and blood vessels cortisone reduce the swelling and that can save lives especially . those patients need ventilating. the complexity of the disease makes finding a targeted therapy a serious challenge in later stages patients are at risk of developing issues such as thrombosis in their lungs and organs some patients can suffer long term effects great progress has been made in finding a vaccine for covert 19 the wait for a cure continues. if the rx is biopharmaceutical company that develops treatments

see the need a month joins us so scientists have found several vaccines all of record time but where does that leave people like you doctors and researchers who are looking for treatments. yes for some of thanks for having me on the show and much appreciated yet treatments are different animal so to speak and i think there are clearly important i'm with respect to call it 1000 you know the lot of people don't not really aware that this this disease has many different facets and many different faces yes there is a healthy population that needs to be protected vaccines are of at most importance and then there's those that get sick and get well soon and then there's those that get very sick and they need treatment and they may have problems and even diane it as we know that's that's why we are all afraid of our disease and i think treatments are important there are companies like ours that have studied and worked in the field of viral inflammation and viral sepsis for many many years trying to

prevent our immune response causing damage to tissues and organs and leading to more geography and death and saw i think if this works and if we if we you can make an impact of course that's great news for the people that are greatly affected and they're really a severely critically ill but it also is our i think it's a great great thing to have for a new pandemics or for you taking viruses because your response patterns there are similar between viruses and if we were to be successful with a treatment that could be of great protection also in the long run just how effectively can drugs and therapies help sufferers cope with covered 90. we do believe they can i mean this the bar is selectively hot you need to show it in well controlled clinical studies so you can just have good early results and say you don't want to run for an authorization approval you have to really statistically

plan a trial treat enough the shins and prove that you would rock and in our case try to prevent mortality prevent death or another case prevent the patient's gets more severely sick get into baby get dependent on life or an organ support so we believe that there are drops in the early stages of the disease that may prevent the virus causing the strong immune response and causing look through replication and then there are bugs like ours when you have a strong immune response trying to model it that response and trying to prevent that union system cause damage to your organs so we have seen interesting early stage face to data that point to a potential mechanism we've published this in the lancet rheumatology and we believe we can help patients that's why we went to face 3 and we're eager to see data this year of ms they given you the need the funds don't you to to to produce

these drugs and that funding gap seems to be quite big between what's going into vaccines and what's going to treatments like yours. yes and thank you for bringing that up and we as you know if we found an initiative in germany called bin cost and i know a lot of my colleagues have the same topic we've seen phenomenal and great fast funding for axioms and in fact in europe and specifically in germany we have not seen targeted funding for the late stage projects that are would be equivalent to vaccines so while there were very early programs for preclinical research which won't see the patient in in the years to come and now those 1st programs for early stage clinical research that is of course size wise a multiple or with $4050000000.00 all together for multiple tasks we need a funding that is equivalent and that is that is a real funding for late stage projects meaning that you can produce material for the market for the patients fast that you can prepare for the market and if you can

run the expense of these these studies this is largely completely lacking here and that's why we found it because we really want to make it create awareness that this may be a fabulous importance also in the mid term as we may have. therapeutics available already during this year and we want to get them to the patients very briefly tell me more about your drug and if it will actually get to the market. well i'm a i'm a c.e.o. a public company i'm not supposed to make our forward looking statements predicting the future i talk a little bit about our conviction about the mechanism that we are after and there we are the founders of this company and one of them we have 20 years in this title research so we do believe there's a chance that we can make it to the market otherwise we would have not started 3 street and you know it's a similar thing with vaccines there's always the risk that it doesn't work long term there's always a risk that's not what we've taken the risk and we've seen phenomenal responses 1st

once you're with a german company by on tech together with pfizer then what they're not in the us so why not also invest in therapeutics i mean if we have progress there it will make a whole lot of difference for effective patients and potentially also for future pandemics that's why i'm really advocating to put more funds to help therapeutics new therapeutics tired of player x. to also make it into the clinic in flexi played about thank you very much thank you very much for having. time for your questions on the coronavirus over to our science correspondent derrick williams. said the drug ivermectin being used to treat patients this medication has been widely used in some parts of the world especially south america as a treatment for covert 19 despite the fact that evidence that it works is still not

convincing the bolivian government actually authorized it as a therapy back in may after a very theoretical and controversial study in april indicated that ivermectin might help against sars cove to the compound which is made by microorganisms that break down organic matter in the soil is a powerful tool in our pharmacological tool box for getting rid of a wide range of nasty parasites among them head lice and intestinal pen more in fact the researchers who discovered the class of substances that belongs to one of the nobel prize for their work a few years ago there are dozens of ongoing trials looking at whether or not ivermectin could also be used to treat covert 19 but so far none of them have

provided the kind of clear cut evidence that national or international health authorities would require to recommend it published studies are at odds with some showing no benefits or or even the covert 1000 patients who took the anti parasitic drug got worse while others reported improvements or or positive results like lower mortality rates in patients that took it the thing is for basically all of the studies published so far experts have complained about flaws in methodology so at the moment at least. i would continue to ignore any sensationalist online claims that ivermectin can cure or help cure a coded 19 and wait for more data from larger scale trials to come in and pretty much all authorities are still issuing warnings not to take the compound for anything except what it's meant for to treat an infestation with parasites and and

also to stick to the prescribed doses for that if their advice changes i'll let you know here. and just briefly officials are deploying dogs to sniff out covert infections in some schools in italy the company that trains them says it was able to get their canine companions up to speed in a few weeks hundreds of students and teachers at his high school headed over mosques for testing adults managed to signal 5 out of 260 texts. thanks for watching.

this is. actually he has been dead for 22 years. is a clip. from frozen genetics. and he's providing hope for endangered species. to preserve biodiversity fighting species from beyond the

grave i mean this is the future tomorrow to just. 30 minutes d.w. . life on earth one of the coming to an end the but gigantic coincidence. that samsung previously the earth was just a messy chemistry lab of all nations. where the improbable but the tug of the to the creation of our solar system with our planet is a bit like winning the lottery there is a good. morning 1st which. starts feb 11th on t.w. . it's about billions. into about hour.

it's about the foundation of the move toward earth the new silk road. china wants to expand its influence with history network also in europe conflicts are inevitable consequences unpredictable but in the end of what about ever since the chinese investor got involved here our situation has changed before the form was privatized the work was much better and easier than china. just promise you it's her 1st pitch but in europe there's a sharp morning whoever accept money from the new superpower will become dependent on it the commitment of the 50 the chinese state has a lot of money that is disposal. and that's how it's expanding and asserting its status and position in the world to be fair to the board meeting. chinese gateway

to europe feb 19th on d w. the but . this is you know we news like some girl in back home and behind bars the kremlin's fiercest critics detained on his return to moscow and hauled before a court alexina volley says his treatment makes a mockery of justice also coming up even tougher coronavirus restrictions are looking a verb more likely for germany turns on america has moved out the day for.