can you hear me now yes yes we're going to need you and how last year's german chancellor will bring you i'm going to a man called and you've never heard her before you surprise yourself with what is possible who is magical really what moves her and what. we talk to people who followed her along the way admirers and critics alike how is the world's most powerful woman shaping her legacy joining us from eccles la stops. you know. we're all consumers this shop til you drop culture originated in the industrial revolution when mass production and out goods to be manufactured in large quantities. product design emerged as a new discipline with goods adapted in accordance with the tastes of the era. but the results haven't always been attractive practical all safe there have been some

real design designs does. welcome to tomorrow today the science program on d w. it's a well known fact that germans love their cars for decades they've been more than just a mode of transport their design has changed with the times to attract buyers by years who were nearly always men in this high octane world the needs of women are still often disregarded. the world we live in is one very much oriented toward men resulting in what is known is the gender data gap crash tests use milled. meaning the results are biased

. traffic accident experts show us the dummies usually deployed in such tests. this facility has just one female dummy and she is designed to sit on the passenger seat once the figure has the dimensions of a 12 year old so has little in common with your typical real world woman. who really didn't need to go the average woman would be considerably taller and heavier. about 15 kilos heavier and 15 centimeters taller than the dummy we have here but all of my results say in the real world vehicle occupants vary greatly in height and shape but the most commonly used dummy is an average science man one meter 77 tall and weighing 80 kilos. or new regulations do not yet stipulate including female dummies and crash tests to

prove she could for our tickets there's no dummy representing the average woman but so crash tests are not representative. even though i was interested show that women have a higher risk of injury than men in an identical accident on or the people who don't fall in the previous research has shown that women are almost 50 percent more likely to suffer serious injury in a car crash. only a few tests are conducted with a female many dummy which in europe is restricted to the passenger seat while a male dummy is at the wheel. but women have a 3 times higher risk of suffering whiplash than men. but it's all good with good things you hear them all you can see the woman sits far further forward therefore he's a lot closer to the airbag and practically goes under. it. occurs with

a far higher number of women. one factor are the neck muscles which are weaker than with men. and women are generally lighter. and feel a lot of features designed to provide protection from rear end collisions do not take women into account. not taking women into account is sadly an all too familiar story. and the gender data gap is by no means limited to crash tests it comes up in practically all areas of life. in offices the standard temperature is secured to men which can be as much as 5 degrees celsius too low for women. in supermarkets the top shelves are often too high for women to reach. for restrooms because women sit to

urinate and are perhaps more likely to have a child with them they tend to take longer. but for some reason women specifically it's are no bigger than those provided for men leading to constant lines. of problem that professor aleksander and switzerland does not need statistics to be convinced of. anything that you know it's a real drag at the movies the ladies restrooms are always crowded during the break among the men they can just pop in and out but we have to queue up for ages and might miss the start of the film. she takes us along on a little tour around town where the gender gap is evident and all kinds of places. sidewalks that are far too narrow for strollers as mostly experienced by women streetlights are time for individual crossers. manga. well vaccine.

you might have children with you who are a bit slower. or a fish chap. yet. and if you're pregnant too you might need longer to make it across the street or. the timing they use the standard is based on men. cannot enter team it is circular for a city of applied sciences of creators a simulation with virtual reality goggles the aim is to push alliance what a city of tomorrow might look like a city better accommodated to women and their specific needs. up till this the simulation shows a city of the future. on the mobility front it's not cause the to dominant people. the monks in for the growing state. of virtual city more attuned to women statistics show that

a majority of pedestrians and users of public transport are women whether on their way to work shopping or doing the school run that's a factor that needs to be incorporated in future urban planning. said the pick for the noted how male dominated planning and development teams are all that they can see in a different perspective would really help the working world. instead of cementing the gender data gap with currently saying we could be building cities for the future that would be fair for everyone from the nb or were for to the on the graph throughout the. affair world is something this man also wants to see. accident researcher mark. is a member of the european union project that uses virtual models. we're trying to resolve this dilemma of manufacturers being unable to cover all body sizes and female dummies for our solution is to take the whole thing into the

virtual world and construct models there. those models and out. and in the process create an average woman for a car crash female models are now being computer generated for future virtual tests creating physical expensive tests the virtual equivalent is far cheaper also opening up new opportunities. if. i can adapt the model to have weaker muscles and a different weight or height to have the end atomico features of a woman. or in the virtual world i can completely close the gap with dummies.

the ultimate aim is to improve safety for women on the road although as a so often the case it might take years for the new virtual tests to translate into real progress for women. shows up in other fields as well. often tested mainly on. the fact that they could have a totally different effect on women is completely overlooked. personalized medications could offer a solution there are even efforts underway to print them. from nigeria wanted to know more about 3 d. printing. can 3 d. printers print everything the answer is almost everything shoes clothes i think even footbridges and motorcycles are no problem for modern 3 d.

printers. they've been used in manufacturing for over 40 years. these ingenious do. ice is no longer need to print using plastic power. nowadays sand dough. aluminum and other metals are also relatively easy to form into new shapes. but how do these marvelous machines actually work. it's worth mentioning that not all 3 d. printers are the same. they operate in a variety of ways. but they're all based on the same principle and similar to classic printers instead of ink though molten materials are spray for nozzle onto a base. the computer controlled nozzle follows a preprogramed 3 d. track to build up the object layer by layer. 3 d. printers are also used for medical purposes. for example they can be used to make

prosthetics which can be tailored to meet the needs of the individual user. 3 d. printer technology is still a long way from reaching maximum potential it's still very much in development. but it may not be long before the question which shoes should i wear to the opera to night can be answered by turning on your printer. did you know that modern 3 d. printers can produce entire houses. this is a printing building project in a village in southern germany. printing houses is still relatively new so it remains to be seen how robust they are and whether they could rival the likes of the medieval castle in our next report which has certainly stood the test of time. we're in southern germany in the barry and alex to visit what's left of one firebag

continent. man's bag and. local dealer on a rather unusual photo shoot here. we were going to use our drone to capture images of the castle just see whether it has any wake spots that could make it unstable but. first they take a look around on foot the research isn't making a close inspection of the masonry to see where it might pose a danger to visit has. now it's time for the drove to get to work its task is to shoot photos from all possible angles.

each individual photo is just a normal snapshot what makes the difference is the large number of images from so many different perspectives. on the earth peak you'd want to hear hear the drone is coming from one angle and now we're going to take the same point from a slightly different angle and where these 2 lines of sight intersect we can plot the point in space we don't just do that for one point but for millions of points that gives us a cloud of points that enables us to generate a 3 d. model going to. the cloud of points can be used as the basis for a widely used calculation method the object is divided up into small segments like a puzzle the properties of each one

a calculated allowing conclusions to be made about the entire building but the munich research is have added another element that revolutionizes the price. yes. i mean and look out the you take aaron constructed around the object and then you have a much simpler structure which once again you can divide up into cubes and you just give each material point its corresponding property for example air was solved in stone is hard and with this simple trick you can easily depict very complex structures to talk to and i thought after. the researches include the new demain they've created around the object in their calculations it's as if they packed it in a box they then calculate the transition from soft surroundings to the hard structure that defines the surface of the object and gives information about its stability. they want to use the new method to determine the stability of historical monuments

and other objects of cultural significance like the statues displayed in new next to take museum. how stable are these historical works avant. where might they need to be restored. the researches have taken many photos of this statue ready. again they put it in his virtual packaging and then analyzed it stability the problems that are seen in red is in the area of the ankle. the research is aimed to coax a wealth of invisible information out of the images. of course you can simply look at the statue and try to see whether it's going to hold but we want to look inside it me i love you boy you know and charm our aim is to discover more in the image than is visible with the naked eye we can.

ancient sites can be a big tourist draw. unstable arches or. columns could pose a danger to the public. the researches have already analyzed the cistern of the eye or to club basilica in southern turkey back in the 1960 s. one of its columns broke and had to be replaced with a concrete one. the scientists followed the usual steps 1st the clouds of points then packaging it in a box this revealed lines of strain in the system's vaults. their analysis shows that the columns still stable but under considerable tension. the munich scientists new procedure can even be applied in the medical sector it's intended to help doctors diagnose problems because mechanical stress occurs in the human body too in the area of the spine for example. different points very good

common skin now those are with his calculation this stuff on coleman's back i can tell us exactly where forces are acting which of the vertebrae are under more strain. and if we can simulate therapies it might be possible to change them to ease the pressure on the particular spinal disc and relieve the patient's pain but we can't just tell by looking at the images we need these biomechanical calculations ready. here you can see how much strain is being put on each vertebra the number vertebrae can be stabilized with screws to help. dangerous stresses can be identified before the operation. even fractures seen here in red can be calculated. in the meantime the scientists have assessed the data relating to the bavarian castle are its walls stable or are they in danger of collapsing.

the calculation show that this large opening in the masonry is stable. and they can sound the all clear here too the tower that looks like a hollow tooth is also safe. that just leaves the leaning wall. and i think there was concern that it might topple over but the research showed that the leaning wall of hoeing firebag is secure although only because it's made of stone the research is can simulate what might happen if it were made of another material if it were built with loam for example it would fall over. the skin on the shot we've taken a very close look at this and there are

a few points where you might think that its stability is in danger but the entire structure is solid. nevertheless it's interesting to analyze it would seize new methods as moments where he's going to pull them down trying to get. the researches conclusion the ruin is stable no part is at risk of collapse. and the view from the hole in 5 bad castle is really stunning. it's not only buildings that need to be durable comparatively speaking our hair is almost as strong as steel a single human hair can carry around 100 grams of weight that's due to the head structure. it's in a most layer contains the soft medulla which is surrounded by several layers of

twisted carrots and the same material that makes up out fingernails. finally the out accusing coal has scaly cells that function like the bark of a tree head as wool can keep us warm but it will it doesn't have to come from sheep . francisco studies textile technology and she's on a quest for sustainable fibers she's all too familiar with the lasting legacy of the fast fashion industry. is 3rd again in mr i prefer to not produce the plastic waste of tomorrow i'd rather produce textiles that customers appreciate and that don't need 300 years to break down. and that means avoiding this and thetic fibers that are key to fast fashion but some natural fibers like cashmere and gora and mohair are also taboo for their production involves clean sheet animals and an enormous amount of resources. she then met on

cut. the berlin based fashion designer had an idea that might have sounded bizarre to most people but francisco was convinced right away as i was watching my mother come to hear of her 2 long haired dogs and something just clicked after that i decided right away that i wanted to use their software to make yarn and it worked. like a couple. only certain breeds of dogs like this summer yet. beneath the top layer of hair it has to be combed out regularly when their coats change in the spring they shed huge amounts of hair from their undercoat the majority of which ends up in trash cans the 2 women now want to use this dog hair and pee people to collect it for them under no circumstances would they want to promote the idea of some kind of industrial farm. textile engineer is thrilled by the quality of

the dog's hair. the plan is now to tap into a germany wide network of dog owners and breeders so that they can acquire the amount of care they need. they found a spinning mill to transform the dog hair into yarn 1st the raw material has to be washed which is easier than with sheep's wool for example due to its lower fat content. what temperature do you use window for dogs well 42 degrees celcius status. as it's called is already being stocked in some shops mixed with other hand-made wools sales will tell bijou innovators how well dogs will might catch on. this is the new color dark brown it's from collie and black. man doesn't detect the 1st people say what dog hair no way we tell them it's no different from sheep fall out of each of course they

ask if it smells when it's wet we say no it's not perfectly normal you can just give it a quick squid is perfectly normal it's good. so they buy it. but there's a long way to go from handmade wool bought by harvey knitters to a resource for the clothing industry. we've already spoken with companies but it's always important to keep contact to find out what customers need from us because we're developing the product. and sometimes when they say ok come back to us once you can produce 15 tons well that's a big difference from supplying to hand in hers we're producing 200 or 400 kilograms is enough. whether the results from the abbott her college can be transferred to the industrial processes remains to be seen fortunately the duo are getting funds from development programs.

feedback from the 1st customers who've been processing the wool professionally is especially helpful one well known designer from the sustainable fashion scene is using dog hair for some of her new items. i've brought along samples of her new industrial yarn we're now able to spin it so fine that we can use it in industrial knitting machines. total perhaps a great combination so it has a vitality that gives it a high quality and this goes with it wonderfully because it looks so elegant with the downy dog. and i. know what i was an early adopter of shang graph what i saw right away that it was a concept i'd like to use in my work because it's made from a material that would otherwise be thrown away it's also produced locally which is

just wonderful but i think the challenge in the beginning was that it shed a bit you either get used to that old or just don't wear black which is quite difficult for a designer we don't know what up. there is the issue of how customers like it i may just sample but i will for test purposes i'm really curious to see how people will respond to the idea of wearing. the yarn from dog hair would revolutionize the wool industry but it could raise more awareness of alternative and sustainable textiles. if outlet is right why are they allowed to move a few pages. do you have a science question you'd like us to answer. send it in. if we featured on the show you get a little surprise from us as a thank you. come on just ask. for most

science stories check out our website d w dot com slash science or look for us on twitter. that's all for now thanks for joining us on tomorrow today we'll be back next week with more fascinating stories from the world of science and technology. until then by.

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