but the middle of the day. the chinese state has a lot of money at its disposal. and that's how it's expanding and asserting its status and position in the world. china's gateway to europe. storage feb 19th on d. w. . this is data news and these are our top stories german chancellor angela merkel has appealed to the public for patients during her country's coronavirus lockdown schools shops restaurants and leisure facilities have been closed since december to whitley video podcast merkel noted some encouraging signs but urged people to stay vigilant she summoned the country's 16 state ladies to meet on monday to discuss the slow roll out of the vaccination drive. the brother and

several allies of kremlin critic alexei navalny have been put under house arrest for allegedly violating coronavirus restrictions by calling for people to join protests court decision comes ahead of new rallies planned for sunday authorities have warned protesters they could face charges for violating coronavirus hygiene regulations. farmers in india have staged a one day hunger strike to protest the government's planned agriculture reforms i say the most benefit large private files at the expense of produces the demonstrations come after a week of unrest that has left one dead and hundreds injured in clashes with police . this is day doubly news from berlin you can follow us on twitter and instagram at d.w. news overseas at our website to be found at d.w. dot com. does this little guy want to tell us something. it's no wonder that we tend to humanize animals especially pets but we

have a lot in common with other animals too. to separate fish for example. all around were they were scientists cold model all going to since non-human species that are studied in the lab to help understand biological processes in humans. welcome to tomorrow today the science show on d w. just suffer the manic as to commonly known as the fruit fly is another model organism it's small reproduces of a very rapid rate and roughly 60 percent of its genes can also be found in humans. and there's another similarity just like people fruit flies have a sick a d and rhythm an internal biological clock that regulates the cycle of rest and

activity. name the common food line. gaster. habitat moist deciduous forests and shallow to foster's laboratory at southern germany's university averts book the researchers go to uncover the fruit fly in secret they have an internal clock in their brains. the scientists here in bavaria want to find out just how this internal clock ticks. the. first child out of 1st to use this carbon dioxide to knock out the fruit flies. in the test tubes are normal fruit flies with an internal clock and other

genetically modified specimens whose internal clocks have been removed by researchers. are there any differences the scientists look for them in a dark room where external stimuli such as light can be shut out. the normal through flies do indeed have a circadian rhythm with light or without the always awake and at the same time. but the flies without an internal clock have no rhythm they're awake for 5 minutes then go to sleep for 5 minutes when they're $94.00 days. the researcher now wants to find out how this internal clock is structured by rendering it visible within the brain.

a journey through the mind of a fruit fly. the bright green dots are the internal clock cells. entire networks and both brain hemispheres. here in pink dictate the rhythm they are connected and they communicate with each other. and funded we can learn from fruit flies because their brain works very much like our own. the big difference is that its structure is a bit simpler the internal clock for instance has just 150 cells whereas in humans it's 50000 so that's why we can take the internal clock apart more easily and also understand it in the fly and that's the m. . you know it just says it's. the next step experiments on live specimens. for this the fruit fly is fixed into place

and its brain exposed. the fly is still alive and its brain remains intact. here the internal clock cells in green are busy at work and they set the pace or issue commands such as time to get up and fly or fall asleep. mike what do the cells in our lives look like to find out researchers have plugged in individual cells an electrode on the left a cell on the right. this is what an active clock cell sounds like it fires off its commands and.

the internal clock determines the client's workaday the scientists want to find out when the insects have their meals for instance. on the menu sugar water dispensed by a thin syringes. outcome and fast forward the syringe is empty out fastest in the morning their most important meal the flies seem to love. big breakfast. morning in general is their active period also when it comes to hatching. these pupae see no daylight and are blind to the red safelight under which the scientists perform their experiments. and yet they always hatch in the morning as the time lapse photography shows.

and it makes sense. that had to flee the adult fly has a whole day ahead of itself once it's hatched during the day time it can look for food it can look for a partner it can mate and they can lay eggs it's better if they hatch in the morning and some accomplish the most could be that they'll get eaten by a spider for if they were to hatch in the evening they'd have the night ahead of them during which they can't do anything at all it's much better for them to do it in the morning as a mom. the fruit flies internal clock a crucial metronome for daily life not only do people live by a schedule so do fruit flies. and so do other animals and while most of them sleep they don't all need the same amount. lions can sleep up to $20.00 a day. while giraffes only nod off for about 2. and

migratory birds only nap for a few minutes mid-flight they sleep with only one hemisphere of the brain at a time allowing them to keep one eye open to watch out for potential threats it's the same with the whale only one half of its brain rests while the other half remains alert. there's still a lot to learn about animals and sleep scientists aren't even sure it's something that all species do but they do know that all creatures enjoy the. state of rest. but what about the way animals behave in their waking hours zoos are a good place to observe animals even if they're not quite the same as their counterparts in the wild zoos are often criticized for keeping animals in captivity but the best zoos actually ensure the survival of endangered species. and these

days many conduct research into ways of keeping animals healthy and happy. this sue in southern germany wants to find out as much as possible about its animals the polar bears even help with the data collection. that are coming here called the no come here that's right there used to come on come here yeah. 8 fantastic that's the no no no no mark today we want to shave your poor again and now i'd like to know what you mean your poor yeah it's great lovely. it. several times a week all kinds of things further is very important because we can analyze the his . development when it seems like

a good move for example when we have the opportunity to get a horse as you can see then you can also shave off the fur to reach a vein. good if we get access to a blood vessel then we can take blood and do a blood test. we feel. today the nuremberg zookeeper is shaving the polar bear it's for will be analyzed to gauge its stress levels all zoos that have what's called protected contact with their animals train the creatures for medical diagnostic purposes here the testing is particularly painstaking. next year. i'm going to keep busy do this job out of love interest and enthusiasm for the animals. we're more than happy to help if scientists are able to prove the animals are healthy and well that this is a system and isn't just based on what we feel. it's

hard not to treat you know the most like humans and if i mention it if research is come and say we've developed parameters that can help us to gauge with the animals are stressed or ill and then we're glad to help with the training routine to it's fun. this is the 1st collect animal excrement as well as for laboratory testing it indicates how stressed the polar bear was a day earlier. so all of just on the hind has developed a special procedure to find out how the polar bears in this in our fairing. over a period of 3 years she measured the levels of the stress hormone cortisol a metabolic product in samples of excrement from 6 polar bears. that come out. there you can see very clearly. here where the red arrow is that there

was a steep rise in courts as a lot of. guns back when the poll about was transported from one city to another and times after his arrival time to a base level relatively quickly when the green arrows indicate days on which the pilot i was shaved. his eyes this poll about has been trained to have a. come out and you can see it here that there was no steep rise in cortisol in contrast to the mean much quite common in fact sometimes. for us humans as well as for the animals ok janelle stress is completely natural but chronic stress can be dangerous. the research so far indicates that none of this is polar bears are suffering from chronic stress. but how much can an animal stress profile really tell us. as a snort that and also get the data is only meaningful when it's combined with other

parameters for example a havior all observation and of course the veterinary element what kind of physical shape is the animal and how fit is it for the whole picture you have to look at these factors together. because i'm a bit the hairs reveal signs of stress over longer periods than excrement but not much is really known about polar bear here so the researchers are currently refining the assessment procedure. dolphins the nuremberg zoo is a step further it's currently developing a procedure with more than 28 different parameters that help to measure animal wellbeing systematically the animals appearance is also taken into account. just as it should be no dent behind the head. off and there isn't a reamer around the years making them bend even with it's an inverter. nancy taking really good. effect. after 188 so we have to

check that again we'll look in a minute. and do another way and. the experts are collecting data designed to be as objective as possible. but i guess the most you can send up to me followed by jenny straight after every single animal is checked regularly and a list of measurements is carefully worked through the aim is to reflect each creature's condition as precisely as possible again you know the data she even turns in decent tool is this really contains every indicator every aspect that we think needs to be assessed. then we corroborate the information so that it can be objectively evaluated. the idea is that we proceed objectively step by step assessing the state of health the behavior but also the emotional status of anonyma about. it would see almost stop us and that's really something relatively new that

we don't like to evaluate that nuremberg is working together with 12 other european zeus that are all conducting the same tests. data is being gathered on more than 100 different dolphins. at regular check ups the animals are weighed in and their eyes are examined. by no abnormality detected. the researchers also regularly documented any new scratches and compare them with previous checkouts. these rake marks as they're called reveal quite a bit about it dolphins well being you know if you go. back on specific bodies and wreck mark you really need to take a close look at the right box there quite a lot of them or not at all both can be indicators of social behavior. dolphins

are highly sociable animals and interactions are natural whether they're positive or sometimes negative ideas right mach's are very telling if an animal never has new scratches this can show that it's not part of the group it's isolated. from the physician or line and are going to go out and you don't have an enemy has lots of new scratches week after week of amongst then that shows that something isn't quite right within the group social structure or that the creature hasn't found its place in the group but honestly for. healthy behavior social interactions every single piece of information is fed into the new program. to help the researchers gain as clear a picture as possible about the dolphins well being. i believe that we have the responsibility to do everything possible to make sure that

the animals kept in 0 fraud of and if science can keep on providing us with new data this can help us improve the conditions they're being kept in but we should also use it to check whether our animals are well or not. the researchers hope to be able to assess wild animals with the same tools that would indicate for example how well they're coping with the increasing pressure on their natural habitats. the gorillas at the zoo in nuremberg says to me seems pretty content especially since the recent arrival of a new baby. the similarities between apes and humans are pretty striking. a deal in ghana since in a question about that. how

closely related we humans and chimpanzees. are very closely some 98.5 percent of our d.n.a. base pairs are identical based on average findings from a range of analytical methods. and our genetic match with gorillas is just one quarter of a percentage point less than that. around the towns branched off from our common family tree other thought but they still sheff 97 percent of that d.n.a. with us so how do we explain the huge difference between humans and apes. some primates can scale trees in the rain forests. why. another species exploits other planets. human genome contains some 3000000000 base pairs of which just 40000000 differ from those of chimpanzees but this vital difference means that

certain proteins in apes have other structures and possibly other functions in the body. but for all the differences there are also many similarities using tools to eat food with for example. chimpanzees use twigs to pry delicious ants from their nests. and chimps are emotional creatures researchers have even found similarities in the sound of their laughter and ours. understand symbols and can learn for example which one beats the other in a game of rock paper scissors. but chimpanzees will probably never be able to build computers although then again neither can most of us the famous primatologist jane goodall urges us to use our supposedly superior intelligence to start protecting the habitats of our primate cousins and the planet

as a whole. do animals exercise to find out the answer scientists set up the hamster wheel in a forest. and sure enough a fair few critters fed up to enjoy a free workout. including a smug though it's turned on the wheel may not have been intentional. we humans know it's healthy to exercise and work up a sweat is less well known is that the spy ring has evolutionary benefits. of. using the threat it's flowing. to foreign leaders are now more. that's a lot but it makes good sense from an evolutionary perspective the ability to sweat has been a huge advantage as it was. is. many animals

can out run a human but at some point they have to stop so they don't overheat that's because they can't sweat. whether hunting or playing homosapiens doesn't need to take a break for that reason sweating cools him while running. this is how the body's own air conditioner works. the brain constantly measures body temperature if it rises too high the brain sends a signal to the sweat glands in the floodgates. as the sweat evaporates it draws heat out of the body and its temperature goes down the kind of sweat glands that help control temperatures are called. there are 2 to 3000000 of them all over the body what they secrete consists of water salts amino acids and but there is more to sweating that needs to. be mentioned is why we humans have 2

different kinds of sweat gland. the other call into the upper crim glands some brain into action when we are subjected to intense mental stress it is a mission this developed over the course of evolution as a means of normal verbal communication and it is one way to exchange information without talking. in. the cold. that's why we sweat when we're under pressure it not only cools the body in preparation for maybe having to flee that a cold sweat of fear also warns those around you. cream sweat glands develop during puberty. apa green sweat consists of water salts proteins. and. with the signalling function. it was a way to those of an approaching danger without having to scream this evolved when

we were still apes we could. without making any noise. for our ancestors it was probably vital for survival nowadays. man comes out at the most inopportune moments. for example if you're nervous your hands and feet might get very sweaty. or perhaps was an evolutionary advantage reading your body for flight moist hands and feet can have better traction when climbing or running. manufacturer is a body care products invest lots of money and effort in trying to keep our hands and armpits both dry and fragrant. with various deodorant supplied to their armpits

. and sweat into absorbent pads. specially trained sniffers that determine which deodorant is most effective. sweat doesn't smell when it's fresh. or home to lots of bacteria and it's the bacteria that triggered the release of odorous compounds. every person has their own special bouquet of sense. does. they range from. overpowering to sweet this is there's a broad spectrum of aromas. in. there tend to be more steroids they smell like a wild boar. women sweat is more onion or goat like that's because it contains more shortchange fatty acids. deodorants target the bacteria antibacterial

substances kill them. inhibit the glance what production and perfume aims to cover up any residual odor that's considered unpleasant. only sweat conflicts stress and smelly. cooling sweat doesn't have any set but it does help to spread whatever sense you do if it. does evolution if it does and we no longer have much use in everyday life for this evolutionary inheritance this means of non-verbal communication with it's still academic research by psychologists as determined that field based sweat still has an impact on others to this very day. this was to essential. if we do smell bad and the deodorant fails to disguise the pungent aroma then it's time for some soap and water to dissipate the traces of the caveman fear.

you carl what is right why are great but only a few. do you have a science question you'd like us to answer. the same way if we featured on the show you'll get a little surprise from us as a thank you. come on just ask. for more science stories check out our website d.w. dot com slash saw inst all up for us on twitter. that's all for now thanks for joining us on tomorrow today. we'll be back next week with more fascinating stories from the world of science and technology until then. but by.

plane antibiotics are outsmarted. the causes of mounting resistance are well known in. factory farming. poor hospital hygiene. premature use of antibiotics. yes deadly bacteria keeps on. next d.w. . in

a world filled with beautiful images talk of yours have to work hard to stand out. to find the special place this is an incomparable life. the perfect moment. or just have some pretty crazy ideas by the way this time around was made out of cheese. in 16. people of the world over t.w. on facebook and twitter are up to date get in touch. follow us. on neil and i'm game did you know that 17 trillion land animals are killed worldwide sure so that we can include but it's not just the animals at all

suffering it's the environment we went on a journey to find ways out and if you want to know how old one cliff to the priest i hope trust changed doesn't exist listen to our podcast on the green. jobs against which antibiotics not become polymers are becoming ever more dangerous in europe alone around $33000.00 people die from them each year yes communal you've got it does now a new wave is coming to our region germs that are completely resistant and some calls.