intrinsic to my car into a monster moore's law and the law even if i was i was going to have more. my choice to discard because given their way toward transmitted to trolls. and in the much and i was. just this little guy when they tell us something. it's no wonder that we tend to humanize animals especially pets but we have a lot in common with other animals too. to separate fish for example. all around us they were scientists cold model organisms non-human species that are studied in the lab to help understand biological processes in humans.

welcome to tomorrow today the science show on d w. just soften them and then again as to commonly known as the fruit fly is another model organism it's small reproduces at a very rapid rate and roughly 60 percent of its genes can also be found in humans. is another similarity just like people fruit flies have a sick a day in rhythm an internal biological clock that regulates the cycle of rest and activity. name the common food line. habitat deciduous forests and shallow to fosters laboratory it so the injured. mini's

university of roots borg the researchers goal to uncover the fruit fly in secret they have an internal clock in their brains. the scientists here in bavaria want to find out just how this internal clock ticks. the. first child out of 1st to use this carbon dioxide to knock out the fruit flies. in the test tubes are normal fruit flies with an internal clock and other genetically modified specimens whose internal clocks have been removed by researchers. are there any differences the scientists look for them in a dark room where external stimuli such as light can be shut out.

the normal fruit flies do indeed have a circadian rhythm with light or without they always awaken at the same time. but the flies without an internal clock have no rhythm they're awake for 5 minutes then go to sleep for 5 minutes whether nights or days. the researcher now months to find out how this internal clock is structured by rendering it visible within the brain. a journey through the mind of a fruit fly. the bright green dots are the internal clock cells. entire networks and both brain hemispheres. here and pink

dictate the rhythm they are connected and they communicate with each other. kind of funded feel we can learn from fruit flies because their brain works very much like our own. the big difference is that its structure is a bit simpler the internal clock for instance has just 150 cells whereas in humans it's 50000 so that's why we can take the internal clock apart more easily and also understand it in the fly and that's the m. s. . it notices it's. the next step experiments on live specimens. for this the fruit fly is fixed into place and its brain exposed. the fly is still alive and its brain remains intact.

here the internal clock cells in green are busy at work and they set the pace or issue commands such as time to get up for fly or fall asleep. mike what do the cells in our lives look like to find out researchers have plugged in individual cells an electrode on the left the cell on the right. this is what an active clock cell sounds like it fires off its commands. to. the internal clock determines the client's workaday the scientists want to find out when the insects have their meals for instance. on the menu sugar water dispensed by a thin syringes. outcome and fast

forward the syringe is empty out fastest in the morning their most important meal the flies seem to love a big breakfast. morning in general is their active period also when it comes to hatching. these pupae see no daylight and are blind to the red safelight under which the scientists perform their experiments. and yet they always had the morning as the time lapse photography shows. and it makes sense. that had to flee the adult fly has a whole day ahead of itself once it's hatched during the daytime it can look for food it can look for a partner it can mate and they can lay eggs it's better if they hatch in the morning and some accomplish the most could be that will get eaten by

a spider for if they were to hatch in the evening they'd have the night ahead of them during which they can't do anything at all it's much better for them to do it in the morning. the fruit flies internal clock a crucial metronome for daily life. not only do people live by a schedule so do fruit flies. and so do other animals and while most of them sleep they don't all need the same amount. lions can sleep up to $20.00 a day. while giraffes only not up for adoption. and migratory birds only nap for a few minutes mid-flight they sleep with only one hemisphere of the brain at a time allowing them to keep one eye open to watch out for potential threats it's the same with the whale only one half of its brain rests while the other half

remains alert. there's still a lot to learn about animals and sleep scientists aren't even sure it's something that all species do but they do know that all creatures enjoy a state of rest. but what about the way animals behave in their waking hours zoos are a good place to observe animals even if they're not quite the same as their counterparts in the wild zoos are often criticised for keeping animals in captivity but the best zoos actually ensure the survival of endangered species. and these days many conduct research into ways of keeping animals healthy and happy. this new in southern germany wants to find out as much as possible about its animals the polar bears even help with the data collection. that are coming here

called the no come here that's right there used to come on come here yeah. it's fantastic that's the no no no no mark today we want to shave your poor again and now i'd like to do you give me your paw yeah it's great lovely. it to me and this. just several times a week all kinds of things further is very important because we can analyze the his . you know if you're having a. good move for example when we have the opportunity to get it there because as you can see then you can also shave off the fur to reach a vein. could if we get access to a blood vessel then we can take blood and do a blood test. to feel. today the nuremberg zookeepers shaving the polar

bear it's for will be analyzed to gauge its stress levels all zoos that have what's called protective contact with their animals train the creatures for medical diagnostic purposes here the testing is particularly painstaking. i'm going to keep is do this job out of love interest and enthusiasm for the animals. we're more than happy to help if scientists are able to prove the animals are healthy and well that this is a system and isn't just based on what we feel. good it's hard not to treat you have the most like humans and if i mention it if research is come and say we've developed parameters that can help us to gauge with the animals are stressed or ill then we're glad to help with the training routine to it's fun.

this is the 1st collect animal expert meant as well as for laboratory testing it indicates how stressed the polar bear was a day earlier. so all of just on the hind has developed a special procedure to find out how the polar bears and this is our fairing. over a period of 3 years she measured the levels of the stress hormone cortisol a metabolic product in samples of excrement from 6 polar bears. that come out and you can see very clearly. here where the red arrow is that there was a steep rise in coulter's allowed. back when the pole about was transported from one zoo to another. after his arrival the levels return to a base level relatively quickly we're going to green arrows indicate days on which the polar bear was shaved ice as of this post has been trained to have

a. come out and you can see it here that there was no steep rise in quarters in contrast to the moon much quite common in fact sometimes. for us humans as well as for the animals ok janelle stress is completely natural but chronic stress can be dangerous. the research so far indicates that none of this is polar bears are suffering from chronic stress. but how much can an animal stress profile really tell us. as a snort than also i get the data is only meaningful when it's combined with other parameters for example behavioral observation and of course the veterinary element what kind of physical shape is the animal and how fit is that for the whole picture you have to look at these factors together. because i'm the harris revealed signs of stress over longer periods than excrement does but not much is really known

about polar bear here so the researchers are currently refining the assessment procedure. dolphins the nuremberg zoo is a step further it's currently developing a procedure with more than 28 different parameters that help to measure animal wellbeing systematically the animals appearance is also taken into account. not just of that shipping behind the head. or off on it and there isn't a reamer around the years making them bend even with its inverted. 9 seats are getting really good. effect on that 100. would have to check that again we'll look in a minute. and do another way and. the experts are collecting data designed to be as objective as possible. you can send up to me followed by journeys straight

after every single animal is checked regularly and a list of measurements is carefully worked through the aim is to reflect each creature's condition as precisely as possible. the data she even turns in decent tool is this really contains every indicator every aspect that we think needs to be assessed. then we corroborate the information so that it can be objectively evaluated. the idea is that we proceed objectively step by step assessing the state of health the behavior but also the emotional status of an animal that. would see owns stop us and that's really something relatively new that we'd also like to evaluate. nuremberg is working together with 12 other european zoos that are all conducting the same tests. data is being gathered on more than 100 different dolphins. at regular check ups the animals are weighed in and their eyes are

examined. i know abnormality detected. the researchers also regularly document any new scratches and compare them with previous checkups. these rake marks as they're called reveal quite a bit about the dolphins well being your. body isn't right mark you really need to take a close look at the right box is. there quite a lot of them or not at all both can be indicators of social behavior. dolphins are highly sociable animals and interactions are natural whether they're positive or sometimes negative and he's right mach's a very telling rate if an animal never has new scratches this can show that it's not part of the group it's isolated. position in the line underneath it

and you don't have an animal has lots of new scratches week after week of a months then that shows that something isn't quite right within the group social structure or that the creature hasn't found its place in the group but on this. behavior social interactions every single piece of information is fed into the new program to help the researchers gain as clear a picture as possible about the dolphins well being. i believe that we have the responsibility to do everything possible to make sure that the animals kept in zoos brought if and if science can keep on providing us with new data this can help us improve the conditions they're being kept in but we should also use it to check whether our animals are well or not. the researchers hope to be able to assess wild animals with the same tools that would indicate for

example how well they're coping with increasing pressure on their natural habitats . i think it really is at the zoo in nuremberg says it may seem pretty content especially since the recent arrival of a new baby. the similarities between apes and humans are pretty striking. a deal in gonna sit in a question about that. how closely related are we humans and chimpanzees. very closely some 98.5 percent of our d.n.a. base pairs are identical based on average findings from a range of analytical methods. and our genetic match with gorillas

is just one quarter of a percentage point less than that. around it turns branched off from our common family tree other to earlier but they still share 1007 percent of their d.n.a. with us so how do we explain the huge difference between humans and apes. some primates can scale trees in the rainforest. while another species exploits other planets. the human genome contains some 3000000000 base pairs of which just 40000000 differ from those of chimpanzees but this vital difference means that certain proteins in apes have other structures and possibly other functions in the body. but for all the differences there are also many similarities using tools to eat food with for example. chimpanzees use twigs to provide

delicious ants from their nests. and chimps are emotional creatures researchers have even found similarities in the sound of their laughter and ours. they understand symbols and can learn for example which one beats the other in a game of rock paper scissors. but chimpanzees will probably never be able to build computers although then again neither can most of us the famous primatologist jane goodall urges us to use our supposedly. superior intelligence to start protecting the habitats of our primate cousins and the planet as a whole. do animals exercise to find out the answer scientists set up a hamster wheel in a forest. and sure enough a fair few critters chode up to enjoy a free workout. including

a smug though it's turned on the wheel may not have been intentional. we humans know it's healthy to exercise and work up a sweat less well known is that perspiring has evolutionary benefits. but the. pulls of. the sweat is flowing up to 4 leaders an hour that's a lot but it makes good sense from an evolutionary perspective the ability to sweat has been a huge advantage sick animals. many animals can out run a human but at some point they have to stop so they don't overheat that's because they can't sweat. whether hunting or fleeing homosapiens doesn't need to take a break for that reason sweating cools him while running. this is how the body's

own conditioner work. the brain constantly measures body temperature if it rises too high the brain sends a signal to the sweat glands in the floodgates. as the sweat evaporates it draws heat out of the body and its temperature goes down. the kind of sweat glands that help control temperatures are called. there are 2 to 3000000 of them all over the body what they secrete consists of water salts amino acids and but there is more to sweating than meets the eye. you mentioned. we humans have 2 different kinds of sweat gland. the other color into the upper cream glands bringing into action when we are subjected to intense mental stress is a myth and this is developed over the course of evolution as a means of normal verbal communication and it is way to exchange information

without talking. he didn't. that's why we sweat when we're under pressure it not only cools the body in preparation for maybe having to flee that a cold sweat of fear also warns those around you. developed during puberty. consists of water salts proteins and compounds with the signaling function. that's what i mean. it was a way to fall in love as of an approaching danger without having to shout or scream this evolved when we were still apes we could warn each other without making any noise is a. good one for our ancestors it was probably vital for survival nowadays our inner cave man comes out

at the most you know opportune moments. for example if you're nervous your hands and feet might get very sweaty. or perhaps it was an evolutionary advantage reading your body for flight moist hands and feet can have better traction when climbing or funny. manufacturers of body care products invest lots of money and effort in trying to keep our hands and armpits both dry and. with very. deodorant supply to their armpits sit in a sauna and sweat into absorbent pads. specially trained sniffers that determine which deodorant is most effective. sweat doesn't smell when it's fresh. armpits are home to lots of bacteria and it's the bacteria that trigger the release of odorous compounds. every person has their own special

bouquet of sense. because that's it forms they range from a new knee overpowering to sweet as this is there's a broad spectrum of aromas spectrum go which an immense way there tend to be more steroids they smell musky more like a wild boar. and women sweat is more onion or goat like that's because it contains more shortchange fatty acids. deodorants target the bacteria antibacterial substances kill them and the purser and inhibit the glance when production and perfume instead cover up any residual odor that's considered unpleasant. only sweat caused by stress is smelly. cooling sweat doesn't have any set but it does help to spread whatever sense you do in that. does he really see that and he's on that we

no longer have much use in everyday life for this evolutionary inheritance this means of non-verbal communication with it's still academic research by psychologists has determined that fear based sweat still has an impact on others to this very day and this was to essential. if we do smell bad and the deodorant fails to disguise the pungent aroma then it's time for some soap and water to dissipate the traces of a caveman fear. if al gore does right why are great but i'm moving to. see if you have a science question you'd like us to answer. if we featured on the show you'll get a little surprise from us as a thank you. come on just ask. for

more science stories check out our website d.w. dot com slash science or look for us on twitter. that's all for now thanks for joining us on tomorrow today. we'll be back next week with more fascinating stories from the world of science and technology until then but by.

life on earth was a kind and. object get a coincidence. we're going to talk about what happened. was a bit like winning the lottery. machine or unique starts feb

11th on t.w. . the fight against the corona virus pandemic. now has the rate of infection been developing. measures are being taken. what does the latest research say. information and context. the coronavirus of data the code of special monday to friday on t.w. . one continent. 700000000 people. all with their own personal stories. europe. we explored every day life for. europeans fear and what they hoped for. some good slogan europe.

on g.w. you know. all we can be the generation that ends it good malaria must die so

millions can live. this is the 1000000000 years life from a 1000000 miles military seas east power and declares a year long state of emergency civilian government officials including de facto leader saddam soon she have been detained as international leaders urge the military to restore democracy also on the program germany's leaders meet with vaccine manufacturers and make growing frustration at the slow rollout of the country's coverage 19 offensive asian programs. i'm from russian security forces crackdown on protesters demanding the release of jailed chris christie cannot say

to tens of thousands take to the streets more than 5000 arrested. i'm so gail a welcome to the program. when miles military has seized power and imposed a year long state of emergency the national leaders have also announced the purge of our own sons to cheese democratically elected government removing and replacing key ministers united nations security council is meeting to discuss the situation on tuesday amid widespread international condemnation. off to the arrests the power grab military vehicles lined up in myanmar's capital make peace how soldiers now patrolling the streets a clear sign of who's in control. this was the moment

a member of parliament was whisked away in a pre-teen raise one of many from aung san suu cheese ruling national league for democracy or n l d party the door of her home is once more looks she previously spent nearly 15 years under house arrest in opposition to an earlier period of military rule in a statement suit she denounced the coup was an attempt to quote put the country back under it to taste the ship she urged people not to accept it and to go out and protest. not easy in myanmar but here in thailand beyond mobs ex-pats made their allegiances clear on uring suchi farms burning photos of the country's most senior army chief. keef. now these are the man now in power they insist the n l d s landslide election victory was fraught with the regularities baseless claims

according to the electoral commission the cuckoo has drawn strong international condemnation. it's nothing short of. deeply disturbing this is unacceptable the international community rejects what is after. their leaders of the world are united in their. this illegal act. while curry military supporters free flags and celebration on the streets of myanmar the cue is a setback for many others as little more than a decade after the country began its transition to democracy the army is back in charge. didn't you know you know that you know that i feel the army assaulted when it states this too and when the civilian government and a government elected by our people. i'm not then you i can trace just a bird learning to fly now the army broker wings then you then get all the

leg to leg it will think i'm ok. residents have been queuing at cash machines and rushing to stock up on essential as myanmar is catapulted into an uncertain future . journalist a day growing about him is a long time in not observe and he joins us from kuala lumpur malaysia a well what do the generals want. well what they want is to stay in power and you know they really have had power throughout throughout all of this if you look at it through they drafted the current constitution of this country which gave them 20 of the military 25 percent of the seats in parliament guaranteed in addition to whatever their proxy party could win at the ballot box the military was guaranteed 3 ministries ministry of defense home affairs and border affairs so that they've really had the power and the civilian government kid could never have no

oversight of the military so they have the power so i guess getting more to your question why why this coup well 1st off if you look at the timing why did it happen now this week the 1st session of parliament since the election was due to start which would finalize the election results with the approval of the next government so they're going to move they really need to make this maneuver by today they try to legitimize it by saying that the election happened in november had widespread election fraud something that has been rejected by the elections commissions rejected by the national committees and rejected by most of them are people who believe that it was a free and fair election but the senior gentleman on long he wants to stay in power he was scheduled to retire in july when he hits the mandatory retirement age of $65.00 but he adds no it's no secret that he has an interest in staying in power whether it's in the military right or it's somehow at some point trying to become

the president and what is known if i was home whereabouts and indeed her condition . right so there's reports that she's been under house arrest at her home in naypyidaw with with security forces outside of the home but it's not clear exactly what is her condition and what sort of access she has to communications to talk to other people right now. that have been protests from some searches supporters in thailand will have an l.d. possibly able to mobilize public support and men moderate cells well that's that's a really key question here because clearly on sun suu kyi and then on the have the hearts and minds of the majority of the population m.e.m. are but will these people be willing to demonstrate will they be willing to go outside and peacefully protest and on the it says they don't want violence so with these people at some point would you see it some point mass demonstrations on the

streets of yangon the biggest city in the country and elsewhere in the country keep in mind during the days of the military who thought they would put down sometimes demonstrations not only violently but sometimes with deadly force what risk of the people willing to take also on top of that keep in mind a lot of the political activists who you would automatically organize these sorts of demonstrations many of them have been detained as well so it's not clear who would really help try to leave these types of demonstrations if they were to happen could talking to thank you for that's david greene about all of them. well take a look now at some other stories making news around the world hong kong pro-democracy advocates and media tycoon g. life has been denied bail after being charged with violating the chinese tell she's national security alone it was the 1st major legal challenge to the legislation imposed by beijing last year 2. delegates from libya are meeting today in geneva to

choose an interim government for the north african country ahead of elections scheduled for the end of december the libyan political dialogue forum is being mediated by the united nations and aims to select transitional leaders by friday. french prime minister aspects as most the public comes alteration aimed at boosting confidence in the police it comes amid widespread accusations of use of excessive force amongst police and security offices nationwide protests erupted late last year after officers were filmed beating and abusing a black music producer inside the studio. and the european union's vaccine rollout has faced criticism for its slow start but there have been some promising developments drugs money factor 5 that it's german partner violence back announced they're planning to increase production by 75000000 doses and the german government is to meet with vaccine producers to try to speed up the pace of vaccination. let's

get more from g.w. political correspondent tom aspira welcome thomas so what has gone wrong with germany's vaccination program. well the 1st thing that we have to say is that not everything has gone wrong the vaccination program is under way the government defends the vaccination program the government defends the way in which it has been managed so far obviously there have been issues but in general people still see this with hope as the way out of the pandemic but within this way out of the fund demick they have been very important issues very big problem when it has to do for example with the procurement of the vaccine something that is not entirely in the hands of the german governments and there has been done i've been to european level and we already saw some people there criticizing in part the way in which that was done whether it happened foster whether some of the nation states should have had more power at least more leeway so that's one big area failed the other big area

that explains why germany has faced problems when it comes to the vaccination program has to do with the way in which it was organized here in the country so they has been confusion there has been organized organizational issues that have clearly slowed down the process and that have created tensions between the regional governments and the federal government and that explains in part why they are meeting today regional and federal leaders to try and precisely discuss this discuss and decide on the next few moves ahead very regional national leaders meeting with representatives from the pharmaceutical industry what's likely to come out of today's so-called vaccination summit. well you mentioned one key element it's not only about this meeting between regional and federal leaders we've had many of those before to talk about the pandemic but in this particular case the exclusive focus is to talk about what has gone wrong and what will happen in the next few months some opposition politicians for example have been asking for

a national plan in which the government explains how they will get the vaccine doses how many they will get in the next few weeks what they can expect until the summer because the government has said that everyone who wants to have a vaccine will be offered one until the end of the summer so health minister here in the country and spawn has lowered those expectations a bit saying that we'll probably won't have every issue resolved after just one a summit but in general the idea is to have better communication and better cooperation between federal and regional leaders but also with the pharmaceutical industry as well and with european commission officials that will also be in attendance bill the issue of vaccines and how is germany's locked down working it is working on some of the trends very good so the 7 day incidence rates for example or the daily caseload they are showing the right direction but at the same time

there's a lot of concern about these new variants and more and more cases of being reported and that's why this is so important all these meetings are so important because they will also show the way forward whether germany will be able to leave its lockdown soon whether more restrictions will be necessary and whole how all this goes hand in hand with this very important but very controversial vaccination program thank you for us. to respond to tom's. kremlin has described many of those involved in protests against the jailing of opposition politicians alexei in the valley as hooligans and provocateurs kremlin spokesman dmitri pascoe often speaking a day after tens of thousands rallied in cities across the country to call for mr novalis release a mold 5000 arrested critics accuse police of using excessive force. they were warned but they marched anyway anti-government protesters all over russia

demanding the release of opposition leader alex a no ball me they defied a ban by the kremlin the response was brutal and a show of force many were arrested some were beaten some hit with tears alike devices. were you in moscow alone thousands marched constantly changing their route in an attempt to evade the police some gathered outside the president. is being held for many of them the protests are about more than just the opposition leaders arrest protesters also say they are marching against corruption and for more democratic freedoms in russia. in a political battle for used to being told what to do being controlled but young people used to organizing themselves that's why i came here today because i wanted to take in what is happening in my country you watch over go ready it's a disgrace. they've stolen everything from us. i live near oil and gas fields and they're just stealing is all. i mean yes i have

a 2 year old son and if putin stays in power for the next 16 years as he's climbing through then my son will grow up with him and i don't think anything will come of it before you do it. moscow was still asleep sunday when protests started in russia's far east in siberia as dawn spread across russia prone of ali rallies spanned across the country's 11 time zones but so did the forceful response by the authorities to. russia's 2nd largest city st petersburg was no exception. some call this russia's most aggressive and fear inducing nationwide operation but others say the government's attempts to overwhelm the protests might actually fuel the flames of the russian opposition and the voices calling for change. this is d.w.

news coming up next indeed w business less than a week after hyping shares of struggling for the game retailing game stop investors on reddit messenger. don't to silver its share price searched of the stock this week reaching highest levels from ain't. seen because they will have that story and more business in just a moment i'll be back at the top of a good day. to know that 77 percent. are younger than 6. that's me and me and. you know what time of voice is. the 77 percent talk about the. front part of the flash

from housing boom boom town this is where it. welcome to the 77 percent. this week v.w. . the 1st crowbars vaccines arrived in hard hit south africa by production and delivery of the jobs are still being around the world will look at the challenges faced by richer countries as well as for once. the show the game stop targets silver lining the precious metal surging oil markets we'll hear from an analyst who says this time investors might be biting off more than they can chew. and we go to ethiopia where one social enterprise is trying to connect farmer. the export markets there are challenges. flowing welcome to the show i'm seeing busy in berlin

it's good to have you with us well south africa welcomed the 1st arrival of a corona virus vaccine on monday receiving 1000000 doses of astra zeneca as job with an additional 500000 expected later this month a country one of africa's largest economies is the hardest hit from the pandemic on the continent being in both covert $900.00 case numbers and criticism is growing within south africa over delays in getting the vaccine with leaders blaming global demand for the slow roll out. the among the wealthy economies racing ahead of south africa to get the vaccine the e.u. but there things haven't gone so smoothly the slow delivery of jobs across europe has come in for a lot of anger recently both beyond tack and astra zeneca have now promised to boost supplies of their vaccines to the e.u. in coming weeks but still germany is holding a vaccine summit to address what some are calling a scandal. germany's vaccination effort is off to

a painfully slow start at this 3 some fear it will be 2 years before a majority of germans get the job it's a heavy blow for a country that one global praise for containing the virus in the 1st half of 2020 it wasn't supposed to be this way much larger quantities were ordered but vaccine manufacturers have fallen far behind on deliveries to both germany and the e.u. to supply bottlenecks after sharp criticism from leaders companies are now working to make up the shortfall germany's biotech agreed monday to provide the e.u. with up to 75000000 additional doses in the 2nd quarter a day earlier british swedish company astra zeneca agreed to provide an extra $9000000.00 doses even so the e.u. is expected to get just half of the $80000000.00 doses it was promised by the end of march. isn't good we have made good progress sure we now have

a difficult phase in february and march without a question and the 2nd quarter the johnson and johnson vaccine will also become available on d. and the pharmaceutical companies will have by then overcome the initial difficulty is that we can then expect significantly more vaccine doses can if wealthy countries like germany are having trouble securing vaccines poor countries are at an even bigger disadvantage according to public health experts they see with seated now as mass mobilization of manufacturing capacity around the world. but this should really be a global global approach many of the large scale manufacturers are actually based in developing countries the production capacity that exists should be exploited now should now be used and their remarks in capacity can be built we need to make investments to make that happen. building out new facilities will take time

patience and money a year into the coronavirus pandemic those are in short supply. over the markets now where the precious metal silver appears to be the latest target of the game stop crowd that is the coordinated groups of retail investors who push that video game chain it's new heights last week a silver prices surged at the start of this week they've been driven to 6 month highs after users on reddit message boards organize an investment pile on us like last week retail investors say they want to deal blow to big banks who they accuse of keeping silver prices artificially low but many others in the forums deny a coordinated plan for silver trading. now earlier we spoke with markets analyst michael hewson he warns that metals trading is quite different from stock trading take a listen. well judging by the narrative trying to squeeze the big banks supposedly big short positions and precious metals prices but all in all they're in danger of

parting often or who lot more than they can chew the supermarket is a completely different animal to some things. where 120 percent of the free flow is still out on love and therefore it's much easier to drop that products now prices have gone back to where i was last seen in august last year and actually constantly about that. trying to drive silver prices at the same time for i say for example a stock is a much more risky strategy and probably more likely to. markets analyst michael hughes and there over to africa and ethiopia in particular were agriculture is the largest sector of the economy employing over 80 percent of the labor force the most farmers sell to their local markets with very few of them able to export their products despite the economic extensive incentives rather that come with export and here's a look at one social enterprise trying to bridge that gap you get to could be to

used to sell matson cut on the local market in the town of. but now his lemon grass of a car goes in lavender being sold as far away as europe accessing the export market has increased his income. undamaged mother used to earn $15000.00 beer per year was cut but now thanks to god i can easily get $70.00 to $80000.00 beer per year from lemon grass an avocado now we have a bank account with the money i can educate all my children in the market but. for the past 5 years has been working with a social enterprise called green path the company sells seeds and seedlings to farmers then buys all yields that fit export standards. currently green beans make up to 70 percent of the exported produce. the size. of spake is between 7 to 9000000 it could be you may face the kind of find that size size what about but what impact these do

to the plane we have for the. rejection is. parts of the export prices can reach up to 5 times local market rates but for ethiopian smallholder farmers there are many challenges to access in the international market green path acts as an intermediary. market value is near impossible for the ever smaller and then even if they do manage. relatively small volume that they're producing. these planets are. really critical as well have a really good strong cold chain and that's. all those. products are grown organically and labelled according to their exact origin an incentive for consumers abroad who are paying increasing attention to traceability. there's a huge amount of demand and excitement for smaller product for public those aren't the only ways for small businesses are positioned to do you for many of them all

they can use. as a proxy for that but that's changing in more and more people want to sort of look beyond the certification and really understand where they're coming from despite the country's huge potential initiatives to link smallholder farmers to the export market are very limited need the opiate administrative and logistical challenges still represent major obstacles for the sector. right that piece sent to us by correspondent. and she joins me from addis ababa maria good to have you on the show as we saw the story of one farmer there really taking advantage of this program how many other farmers in ethiopia are able to take advantage of such a program. well 1st pacifically green path which is the social enterprise that's featured in the video is working with more than 220 you farmers in ethiopia which is a real impact but at the scale of the country and is still quite limited and the truth

is there are still many challenges for european farmers to accessing the export market 1st the 1st one is logistics so access to a proper cooling chain that requires 1st of all constant access to electricity and a good cooling truck and then there is also the problem of you know good paved roads that are not available in many rule ethiopian areas and if your brain does not have an direct access to the sea so companies kind of have to work with that and then another aspect is the fact that many if you can farmers are still small holders so the quantity that they will produce it will often not be interesting enough for investors and then finally the fact that the standards for export products are much stricter than through the local market so for example a green being or an avocado will have to have a specific size color or even type so this requires a proper training but also access the seeds which is often difficult for your

partners so considerable hurdles just to get access to those overseas markets but they're lucrative once you make it what does that mean for living standards for these communities. yes so the average joe if you can smallholder farmers partner will have a few hectors of land if you will grow tariff we are maybe even chaps but the income that this thread generates are still quite moderate and so being able to sell the grog also means selling at significantly higher prices and so the farmer that i interviewed in the report for example was saying that he is able to send some of his children to university this is not always necessarily the case with a lot of children having to stop their education at some point to help the family on the farm and support the family and with the additional income this also means are raising living standards so for example maybe having a bigger house access to tap water or diversifying the food that they are you doing which sounds very basic wood but were treated makes a difference and rule if you can but of course in addition to the export of

products and farmers can also continue to sell locally on the market and so employ more people and kind of create a virtuous cycle that that already to be correspondent a real good glasgow in addis ababa thank you so much thank you for the air industry 2021 was supposed to be the year that the industry began to take off again but with many vaccine campaigns lagging as we saw earlier the outlook is dimming and airlines are now changing their forecasts. the easter season is known as a time of bringing the dead back to life after a dismal 2020 for the airline industry ryanair officials have set their sights on the spring for a similar resurrection now that optimistic timeline is being extended because an investor call the c.e.o. of ryanair pointed to what he called a dramatic recovery later in the year thanks to cover $1000.00 vaccination programs

would you buy into the groups there should be. that is. the so-called use of the beach in portugal greece and italy and certainly there's a short. this reassessment comes after ryan air and now nst it's expecting its worst annual performance ever with the forecasted loss of nearly a 1000000000 euros that would be 5 times worse than its previous worst year on record in 2009. but right air maintains that it's well positioned for future recovery given its focus on shorter continental flight at a time when especially long haul business travel has collapsed. and finally are you perhaps drinking a bit more alcohol at home than before the pandemic if you are you're definitely not alone surveys show that more people are drinking but nevertheless german breweries are struggling they're not benefiting the 2020 sales dropped by 5.5 percent because of the lockdown mandated closures of bars restaurants and beer

gardens last spring and again this winter also events including germany's world famous october 4th fest rather were canceled only retail sales did well with more people having a glass of beer at home. and a reminder of the top story we're following. and that's actually that's it from me and the business team here in berlin to check. we've got some tips for your bucket list. corner. scarf for food. and some greek culture memorials to boot. t.w. triple 3 go. to use crime fighters who are back africa's most successful in radio drama series continues this season the stories

focus on hate speech prevention and sustainable truckle production. all of a sow's are available online and of course you can share and discuss on g.w. africa's facebook page and other social media for. card readers to me know. you're watching d w news asia coming up today mars democracy in peril again the military has declared and one year state of emergency citing election abnormalities the country's main political party led by alexander suchi has called for protests against the coup. plus china threatens to retaliate after britain extends residency right.