what secrets lie behind these walls. discover new adventures in 360 degree. and explore the mating world heritage sites. to double your world heritage 360 to get there no. operation vaccination a huge task unparalleled in history and challenges involved a massive. many nations of already secured millions a vaccine doses to be to live in the shia but what about the poor countries and i think this idea that you don't really get it we were protect ourselves 1st and then we worry about others because selfish but more than that it's food it doesn't but.

he's a cunning is the pandemic want to be over until it's over all around the globe biased . control of the corona virus pandemic this year with the vaccines that are available. to. the german city of minds and to the quarters of a firm that up until a year ago a few people outside the medical field had heard it all from. the start up a violent take it was known for developing innovative drugs to fight can something . in january 2021 the corona virus began spreading around the world company found in halted ongoing research and mobilized all forces to focus on a new goal to. filipina vaccine for the virus last fall we were among

a few camera teams allowed to film the company. we have must see that the right to find 3 goals firstly we needed a back scene that triggers a powerful immune response and for then we needed to conduct clinical trials that prove it's affective and safe and thirdly we knew we'd need sufficient quantities of the vaccines of the for food. with many countries now proving the vaccine production is being ramped up the demand is huge it's a new type of vaccine known as messenger r.n.a. now it contains the blueprint for a virus trust seen causes the body cells to develop a small amount of the virus so that it then produces antibodies to fight it to develop the vaccine quickly my own take introduced a 17 workweek and supplied great unitarians artie's with joshua's clinical trials progressed to speed up the approval process. or they called it our lightspeed

project life we knew we had no time to lose it this year but we were also very clear that we didn't want any short cuts that we wanted to work best not overlook anything i think on the show that the. even model vaccine was still mean developed my own take was preparing for mass scale production joining forces with american pharmaceutical giant pfizer and chinese foes and. no model buys a good amount normally you wouldn't focus on production until later in the 1st test whether you have a viable vaccine on it but we moved forward with both things at once and we built partnerships with other companies that would allow us to manufacture the back same and make it a bailable anywhere on the planet warthen planet. some 200 other research groups have also been working since january 2020 to develop a vaccine scientists in the u.s. . in europe as well as china russia and

a strata only locked in the race to fight the pandemic. normally it takes scenes to develop a new vaccine but this time she managed she couldn't quite that long wealthy governments around the world poured billions into research. we will pick up. better. and so it's our responsibility to work together globally. national pride and propaganda played an increasing role as the international race for a vaccine gathered speed that we're almost there going to be announced very soon will be ready before the end of the year. medical research became the focus of the international community as never before and the pressure on scientists grew as the political rhetoric increased there was coming concern that the rush to have

a vaccine might lead to compromises on safety and adequate trials rushing at premier approval to its vaccine before it had gone through the all important phase 3 clinical trial with the vaccine is tested to unfasten people that contravened international procedures. china also began in ministering to vaccines to members of the military and medical personnel long before clinical trials were complete. in the u.s. the trumpet ministration pumped billions into its warp speed program to produce that saints and situation us manufacturers the pole position are like anything our country has seen since the manhattan bridge. in the end it was biotech and find it was the 1st step in. vexing approved at least

in the western world. in early december after britain issued emergency approval for the vaccine 90 year old margaret jean and became the 1st to receive the bio antec jab. cooperate to help the people who. can assure in the united states also prove the biotech pfizer vaccine. companies are pledged to deliver 200 can doses to the u.s. by maine.

just before christmas the 2nd vaccine can't imagine see approval in the u.s. made by american company montana like the one from buy on take 2 ms n n r an apex st. the bio taken or dinner vaccines were shown to be 95 and 94 percent effective in clinical trials. and a fair vaccine has now been approved to a so-called viral vector produced by up speaking of a city and the british swedish company astra zeneca it's thought to be up to 70 percent effective against the virus that to a higher rate than required to be approved for usage. bought despite is encouraging development it's been clear all along that to begin with they wouldn't be enough vaccine for everyone so you should get a 1st like many countries germany is prioritizing the elderly and sick.

alina books who heads up the genetics council helped to draw up the guidelines for distribution effects saying. there haven't that's out on you didn't select the elderly for preferential treatment as if to play the different generations off against each other that's your own doing and ours. is todd says it's just the case that the data showed very clearly that old age is the greatest risk factor. on disk and there are some groups especially very elderly people in nursing homes for many 100 times more at risk than say someone like myself. but is everyone in germany willing to be inoculated. radical opponents of the vaccine have been protesting for months fearful that they could be coerced into getting inoculated it gets they will. represent soon face last change showed the number of people in germany willing to have a kind of

a 19 vaccine truck as the months passed while in april 70 percent said yes they would get an occupation by the end of november that number had dropped to just 57 percent. experts say between 60 and 70 percent of the population needs to be inoculated to achieve head immunity. and a willingness to be vaccinated dropped in many industrialized nations last year including the us. on the safety of the vaccine i am not sure i wouldn't want to be one of the volunteers to try it i wouldn't be too clear about taking a breath that's something i have to do it's something i have to do. surveys new u.s. showed 66 percent of those asked in july were willing to get vaccinated that dropped to 50 percent in september and then rose back to 63 percent.

how is it possible to protect a global population of nearly 8000000000 people. on the pickguard the pandemic that seems need to be accessible and affordable for every country yes it is this fish think it's important that we consider vaccines as a global public good bit tough that their. bio and expects in alone won't be enough to end the pandemic the funding me in and the kind of work of endemic doesn't care which countries have rolled out a bax a nation program for what's important is that we achieve blanket immunization all over the world and i name one chapter. that no one company can cover that kind of demands that i need to work together and we need to help each other so that we're all in a position to make a vaccine available as soon as possible i watched and so cut. one solution could

lie nearly 7000 kilometers away from biotechs german headquarters. tuna in india. the city is 3000000 miles southeast of moon by an indian state of maharashtra. gunas times the world's largest vaccine manufacturing serum institute of india. the pharmaceutical company says it produces of a one and a half 1000000000 doses of various vaccines every year. specialized in supply in the developing world and emerging economies who can't afford the vaccines produced in the west. discern institute says it's vaccines are used in 170 countries worldwide. off to my. seeking to contact the institute out team was finally granted permission

to film pierre last full and speak to the heads of research and development. so works here mr premier we're putting a lot of your 1st story he. helped the entire globe to supply a large volume of vaccine seagram is normal to really take care of this is we're going to mention in a low income countries world countries and making equipped able access to all the people. normally these buy reactors are used to produce vaccines to guard against his polio and other diseases now the company has reserved large part of its capacity for covert 19 vaccines. so the major challenge is over in such a pandemic comes hope everybody wants large oil you achille's 5 to 7000000000

losses are needed to be manufactured in short time. to meet the expected to match the same institutions can be can fish in one of its new factories it was built to manufacture the transport to produce coronavirus vaccines. generally a lot of people live in there is a pandemic they start from the scratch so by the time the how will facility which can be were billions of those is pandemic probably sees don't so nobody is interested in the product and it is a big plus of cinema's to india we always expanded and created large. gains in anticipation of global new several of that since as well as. we can really handle such kind of products. 5 kinds of 19 vaccines apparently being produced here in you know. one of them is the vector bags. same developed my office for university and astra zeneca in india it goes

under the name of kofi shield. the same institute has signed a contract with astra zeneca to manufacture 1000000000 ptosis of kovi schildt doses of destiny expressly for developing countries and india. right now we. are not awfully about going to fight a $30000000.00 doses a walk for a vaccine is already many of our trade biased at risk and we are continuing doing that. at least 50 to 60000000 doses someone. the oxen vaccine has now also been given emergency approval in india. but only on condition that in the initial months at least this serum is to choose only sells the vaccine to the indian government. tends to assume to st india has been able to

start large scale vaccination drivers but what about other emerging economies in the developing world. the manufacturers of astra zeneca biotech 5 2nd or turner said together they will produce 5300000000 doses of vaccine in 2021. in theory that's enough for 3000000000 people so over his shoulder the global population. but the maturity of those doses have already been preserved to 27 member states the european union and 4 other industrial countries have already precluded heart those doses. the supply and their populations will be generous canada for example has secured nearly 9 doses for every single one of its residents followed by the us with just over 7 per head of population you with nearly 5 and. you know with just under 2. the

problem is these countries who have secured hard vaccines to be produced in 2021 only account for 15 percent of the population. to poor countries that means there won't be much left at least not for the forseeable future research is that you can 1st city in the us a calculated that most people these countries will have to wait until 2023 or even 25 more to get the vaccine. business journalist reka hammond is skeptical about the behavior of wealthy nations in the current crisis. of us not to so initially of course the pharmaceutical companies needed money risk capital to push ahead with the whole production's of understand and so it's logical that governments want vaccines in return but let's be clear there's a certain amount of nationalism at play here and this will get into an economist

jayati ghosh wants of the dangerous consequences of vaccine nationalism well this is exactly why i called it a vaccine about it because it means that the countries with that are really sure that their populations have the 1st access they will be the 1st story cover not just from the pandemic but also economically and the countries that are already poor already devastated by the health conditions they will wait so they will go through another year of economic devastation and illness. but the impending lack of vaccines for the global south is not only an ethical issue. vitus is not respected in borders so the idea that you can protect your own population and not worry about the rest and that you would ever be safe very foolish and it is a consensus but more than that it's foolish doesn't it. maxime nationalism to sit

to increase the inequality of our world. but it's not even in the interest of the industrialized nations to behave this way according to german economist bank right now. as this comes it's very important to understand that in addition to the medical and moral arguments there are also strong economic arguments for not just focusing on our own market is a macho man was i'm just saying that's globalized capitalism really doesn't need a virus like 19 the help because there are global supply chains and our entire economies are based on people being able to travel eyes open on the hundreds or trade partners are economically on their knees because of the pandemic countries that supply wrong materials as well as the countries that import are manufactured goods that cannot be in our interest. to kill try to risk of poor countries not having enough vaccine to world health organization created an instrument back in

april 2020 cooled kovacs it aims to ensure equal and fair access to coverage 900 vaccines for the world participating countries pain to a joint fund which the w.h.o. uses to purchase new cars fax scenes so the wealthiest states financed the poor ones. we now have the largest most die there are courts oleo 'd a backstop. anywhere in the world we expect we have countries that cover 90 percent of the world's population that are agreeing to work together to get the best possible price is the best possible though it was the best possible timing for the rollout of these vaccines around the world. the w h o's distribution plant comprises 2 fantasists in the 1st phase one participating countries receive vaccines to inoculate to medical personnel and in the final groups. then in the 2nd phase in fact. since

a supposed to go especially to countries where the situation is most urgent it sounds cool but there are problems with 1st place simply body we need a substantial amount of money a bit over 5000000000 dollars to be able to buy the vaccines that are already been needed especially for low income countries. the 2nd challenge that we have of course is we're seeing a big 2nd waves of disease especially in the northern hemisphere it will be a huge political pressure use the vaccines there 1st and to move back from the commitments to equitable rolled out across the world. politicians could face a difficult balancing act. this way after 2000 so often in the world of politics there are different rationales that claim here to people personally politicians ask how do we fight this pandemic worldwide but then there's the more in the biju all want of what do voters want from a. fundamental problem with the kind facts initiative is becoming increasingly

obvious it depends on timidity on the goodwill of the tone in nations if domestic politics dictates they can just move the truth their pledges and that's not only. when i think they would do fatal flaws with kovacs one is that you know some important countries didn't join then the other concern with gov x. is that it didn't prohibit the country select joined from doing the side deal that should not be allowed because that goes against the whole spirit of facts. but there are alternatives to the model of free will to nations. on october 15th the w.h.o. discuss a proposal put forward by india and south africa. again was to achieve a temporary one thought of the so-called tripp's agreement which also protects the paint and some pharmaceutical firms the agreement contains clauses that can be invoked in a medical emergency the way it was to ply only to convert 19 healthy. products

a similar move in 2001 relating to hiv treatment for example in millions access to cheap lifesaving drugs. we learned from the hiv aids pandemic that where there are patents protecting drugs there is always the danger that hundreds of thousands will die. simply because they just can't afford the necessary drugs and need a comment or so south africa and india wanted to have covert 19 painted suspended for the generation of the pandemic so that cheap generic vaccines could be produced for poorer countries but the motion was overruled by wealthy nations unfortunately what we find is that multinational drug companies are able to lobby their governments very effectively it's very strong in the united states government they really respond to the drug lobby but it's also unfortunately strong in europe. patents huge huge profits for the pharmaceutical companies and learn to control

prices at the vaccine companies have received billions in public subsidies. just a 10th of who had to protect companies to protect innovations and so forth. but the fact is that a large percentage of the funds that went into developing these vaccines came from public coffers by us efficacious. there are legal alternatives such as compulsory licensing with commission is given for patients to be used without the consent of the patient hold up all a patient pooled could be set up for corona virus vaccine some drugs to be shared but this doesn't support either option right now. biotech confounder isn't keen on additional state intervention. is this is a saw this as a pharmaceutical company is simply an organization that is involved for for. only

and making safe drugs it's not that it's of and that can only works when you have the companies get to the point where they're able to make a profit that they can reinvest and new research projects and developing new drugs when they are found that center. the buy on to spec scene is in any case not suitable for use in poor countries of the global south. by on taking the beyond tuck approach is extremely intelligent but it's also extremely complicated i'ma lend more countries don't have the infrastructure to be able to store and transport a complex drug so you need a very robust vaccine that will also work in the heat. and the. hope for poor regions could come from the very country with the pandemic 1st started china. while questions remain over the efficacy of china soon of a vaccine what's clear is that chinese companies have developed a number of facts scenes that are easy to stall. if you mean for the chinese

are developing vaccines that are suitable for the global south because they're not dependent on a cold chain they're also building up a kind of silk road for health products right off the ball on for months now chinese companies and politicians who've been active in africa latin america and the middle east. that is that is another prospect that's a little uncomfortable for the west that in the not too distant future we're going to start seeing international diplomacy. and china's effect scenes of being welcomed with open arms at the end of december the 1st in every sense of fact since you know farm arrived in morocco in egypt a gift from the united arab emirates vaccine has since been approved for use in china but so far. the distribution of vaccines is at face value. a medical issue but it's also an ethical

one. before long dusty that aspect of some wealthy countries inoculating their populations a whole year earlier than poor ones violates principles of global solidarity and justice so i think it's only right that germany and europe are supporting and initiatives that aim to ensure vaccines are distributed worldwide as fast as possible. as this may sound cynical but because the virus is a threat to us the poor countries do indeed have some leverage in persuading the north to show solidarity norden. by the end of 2021 it's highly likely that a whole range of other vaccines will also be available. to help us get the pandemic under control. and will continue to control us. confidence i hope the vaccine will mean we can get back to normal cancun.

the maxine's will definitely help us they will help us to produce antibodies that job and the level of fear will go down we'll. see a big this this pandemic will probably. around never in one year the pandemic will look very different and still be a new normal because covert will still exist but we should be able to resume much more silent isn't even much for an economic activity as that order requires everybody doing their courage their single biggest barriers of that today a little choice about whether the finances work which we have got to. get is if we didn't do that without blue cooperation you're never going to get to this problem and ok to do. that is. belong to me will be some of them it

may be a man is it maybe some others or not in disease it may be some other. hazard to the beyond even thought about it. scientists have managed to produce vaccines in record time and now it's up to the politicians 'd and to a certain extent all of this to me flies on how we. keeping in mind to be could be challenged.

to call. normal living a trio. they were defeated in front of. their competitors reaping the benefits of. the fight for the top spot is in full. 30 minutes to double. my father. john john.

this is the news live from berlin police as tens of thousands define a protest but a 4th straight day of determined mass street protests after a military coup that overthrew aung san suu kyi she's elected government protesters are demanding the restoration of democracy also coming up. second impeached.