it is a bit like winning the lottery. what is more unique. in 45 minutes. the world live. to us. trying to reach reporters every weekend on. the final preparations ahead of last year's launch the hope probe is now over to mass the aim of the united arab emirates mission is to examine the planet's atmosphere and climate. the chinese t. and when one mission has the same goal the unmanned spacecraft has also reached the orbit of mars in a few weeks it is set to deploy

a rover to investigate its surface. the u.s. is also up there with nasa is perseverance rover. the red planet has been a goal of space programs for decades. the race to mars and more coming up on this edition of tomorrow today the science show on g.w. . almost 60 years ago mariner full was the 1st space probe to perform a successful flyby of mars it sent back images that showed a crater popped moon like planets later viking probe sent the 1st detailed pictures of its surface including one that showed something that resembled a human face. in the late 1990 s. pathfinder mission brought the 1st robotic rover to mars. the europeans are also drawn to my. the european space agency suffered

a setback with the loss of the mars lander skep at airlie in 2016 but the mars express remains in orbit 17 years later. our intriguing neighbor is bleak barren and inhospitable but a long time ago it may have supported life it's seen dramatic changes in climate evidence of that can be found on its surface since 2004 mars express has been studying the red planet with a range of complex instruments it was the european space agency's 1st planetary mission. it's an unbelievable technological achievement are. 2 born to build a spacecraft that can keep working for nearly 20 years in a very tough environment or with high levels of radiation without maintenance or anything else. to feel effect it's worked faultlessly to this day that's very very

good. this special camera is the most important instrument on mars express it was developed by a man. the camera produces detailed images it has mapped the entire surface of the planet for the 1st time in 3 dimensional color images. the models of the terrain provide new insights into the geological development of mars and the history of its climate. shortly after entering mars his orbit the probe found frozen water on the planet a sensational discovery as the presence of water indicates the possibility of life and it provided evidence that huge amounts of water once flowed on must. be hawk to go because you know how high the mountains are goes and how deep the valley or sick come in from then we can work out how. which water was in which location

and how long it was there let's keep trying to establish where there was ron's life on mars and also in determining whether we might be able to do something there in the future. who can connect us to the gun from. the river that once meandered along comparable to the river rhine in germany it would have transported the same amount of water through the valley 30025000 cubic metres a 2nd. and on the planet's largest volcano mars express discovered signs of fresh lava some 2000000 years old that means there could still be warm areas on the ground where microbe might be able to live. that's it shoots near the equator the orbiter found evidence of past places another spectacular discovery. for some stage

ice float into an impact crater there's a 2nd impact crater beneath the 1st one of the 1st overflowed and the ice split into the 2nd grader i was totally amazed i have to say i grew up in the mountains i almost felt at home looking at the images and it. was a. the ice shows that the tilt of mars is axis has changed substantially over time causing the equator to move toward the poles and vice versa so i say this now near the equator was once at the poles the change occurred over millions of years during that time rivers came and went but evidence of their existence can still be seen today. mars express is also equipped with radar that penetrates the surface of the planet to a depth of 5 kilometers. that's allows it to see what happens to the huge amount of liquid water that was once on mars.

radar measurements show the southern polar icecap is the size of europe the ice here would be sufficient to cover the entire planet with a layer of water 11 meters deep. and in 2018 the orbit is radar found the most important prerequisite for life liquid water located in underground lakes. it's the white lebanese the strait reflection line on this radar image. on mars expressed spectrometer also made an exciting discovery it found me thing in masses atmosphere. now says mars rover also detected the gas on the ground at the same time and in the same region. this is current is not really sure methane is a crazy kind of molecule it disintegrates with ultraviolet radiation so that means

if it really is in the atmosphere and it can't be more than a 1000 years old. it's very likely that the me thing came from below the surface but how did it get there could it come from microbes living in underground knishes that produce methane like on earth in the permafrost. or was it released through geological processes caused by the weathering of volcanic rock these are questions mars express can't answer. as though the trace gas orbiter was launched it reached mars in october 26th. then spent a year and a half orbiting the red planet drawing increasingly closer until it was ready to begin taking readings. the orbiter is designed to detect me thing and other trace gases in the martian atmosphere twice per orbit at local sunrise and

sunset it can also study the different layers of the atmosphere its instruments are so sensitive that it can pick up just 50 me saying molecules out of a trillion molecules in the atmosphere. a camera on board the orbiter is designed to show where the me thank would have come from. it's already sent back some amazing images but so far the trace gas orbiter has not found anything. miss your the mission needs to continue for quite a long time to get meaningful reading when it comes to make everything we're talking about global so though they may only just be detectible that all one's going to hark to fix your wants current. next year should see the launch of a european russian mars rover the rosalind franklin it will be able to drill 2 meters into the ground to search for complex organic molecules traces of microbes might have survived in the ground protected from the space radiation that bears

down constantly on mars that radiation would quickly annihilate any signs of life on the surface. you can feel. more on mars on our website d.w. dot com slash science and on twitter. humans have long dreamt about colonizing mars. we asked you whether you can imagine humans settling on mars in the future. that is fun lay in drug gun rights yes we should and it would be a great relieve for our planet. have added publicity disagree no he writes it's enough that we're destroying our own planet we

don't have to destroy mars as well. giuditta has he raises a few issues to consider writing i think that the mass of the extreme heart and cold temperatures will have to be taken into account and who will be president or king there. montoya's are we asking what mistakes we should avoid if we settle man's. everything that is causing us trouble here on earth rights allies approve. she fears however that won't work long term as soon as the pioneering spirit evaporates groups will form that will try to do their own thing. i do i.t.t. tweets that we should avoid dividing mars up into areas of national interest as we've done in the antarctic. thanks for all your comments speaking of the antarctic . it is a bit like muhsin that it attracts

a lot of researches though with the boom in tourism it's not something of its mystery. but the 1st researches there were breaking new ground on the terra nova expedition the british saw to be the 1st to reach the south pole but that on the way to no return roald amundsen with his famous from expedition. today's scientists still have their sights set on the continent alveolar reema say disgusting and as molina had a question about that. why is the antarctic so important for research more than a century after the race to the south pole researchers are still passionate about this remote desert of ice scientists from around the world are still trying to uncover the secrets of the continental ice cap they live and work in some 80 research stations in some cases all year round. far away from human

influence antarctica its proper name offers a unique laboratory to investigate the earth's history preserved deep in its layers of untouched ice. and because the ecosystem here is so sensitive climate changes and environmental impacts leave a precise record besides i samples from deep below the surface scientists also collect data high in the sky where radio transmitters on weather balloons record temperature humidity and wind. and what about them penguins are a living barometer of how changing food resources and global warming affect the ecosystem. scientists are worried the emperor penguins will suffer enormously under global warming they need the ice as a platform from which to dive and hunt for food. and they also need the coastal ice shelf to stay frozen until january for nesting bats when their fledglings lose their down coats and can begin to go hunting in the icy waters themselves. if the

ice keeps on melting their outlook is graham. no other place on earth is warming as fast as the emperor penguins home the peninsula on the continents west coast so researching and understanding climate change impacts on and arctica is of critical importance for the continent and the world. because what is. right on it do you have a science question you'd like us to answer send it in as a video text or voice mail if we featured on the show you'll get a little surprise from us as a thank you will find the address at the end of the show come on just last. south american monk parakeets in the spanish capital madrid. red swamp crayfish in central but then invasive species are threatening native

ecosystems under the top 10 is the european style name which has spread to north america parts of africa and new zealand where it's in danger in native birdlife. the asian cup has spread to europe and north america due to the live fish trade and sport fishing. the cane toad that has made the leap to australia it was introduced to fight pests but now it's in danger native species. the water hyacinth is spreading worldwide the problem is that it deprives other underwater vallance of sunlight and oxygen. and the several muscle is also on the move the next report is about a question in vegas and. access to north in germany. the sun sets on the north sea island observed setting the scene for an intriguing

nighttime spectacle a scoop neck trail through the water captures some interesting creatures rapacious little things that aren't native to the region the sparkling blue luminescence is the calling card of nemi abscess the warty comb jellyfish they probably arrived in ships' ballast tanks. the geo more research vessel aims to find out just how far they've spread in the baltic sea how rapidly they're reproducing and their effect on marine ecology. expedition leader cornelia yon spurs is a jellyfish expert the data that's been collected still has to be evaluated but the initial impression his worry. coward the entire german politics ecosystem taking samples from a variety of which show that the already coming jellyfish can be found everywhere. and differing sizes and density matter if you notice it isn't clear that we have

a big problem with them the op says especially here in kiel in the southwestern baltic. the warty comb jellyfish is native to the east coast of the us ships presumably carry them as stowaways to the black sea in the 1980s from there they've spread to the caspian sea the mediterranean and or northern europe. the creatures also called sea wall not due to their shape may look in conspicuous but they pose a huge challenge oh yeah spurs wants to know if the ecosystem here is holding up limits nish time is not the problem with non-native species is that they don't belong. there only labeled invasive if they start to change the ecosystem. because of stanford and the problem with the walnuts is that they're extremely efficient credit. i don't know how much they generate a mucous that's invisible to most other organisms. they only notice the danger when it's too late and they're caught up in

a sea wall that sticky fell. i mean ups us and get bigger jellyfish can filter 450 liters of water a day. and they consume 80 to 90 percent of the living creatures the plankton increase in that water. and planktonic 61 years of. marine biologist coston rise is looking into the impact of non-native species on the water in sea mudflats of the north sea. he immediately sponsor if you like the soft shell clams which disappeared here back in the ice age apparently the vikings then carried them back from north america as a fresh food supply. other species from even further away are also trying to establish themselves here. on this muscle you can see and they'd have barnacle and this little volcano here susie pocket deceased but

next to it are 2 tiny stars it's those are australian barnacles dismiss the pocket if they even manage to come this far. match because the hypothesis is that they arrived in plymouth on british seaplanes dolls and they've spread throughout the north sea in only a few decades could cry did a very special recent arrival is the pacific oyster native oysters became extinct on the soap but flats here due to overfishing last century in the 1980 s. there asian relative proved a robust replacement for cultivation now it's pre-literate ing wild across the flats thanks in part to ocean warming. to find me a home for reading this oyster prefers 1000 degrees celsius or warmer than average summer temperature here and that's a temp outwell does it back in the 1990 s. that wasn't as common it only happened once every few years here i'm fine to begin

with they bred relatively slowly but with global warming since 2000 every summer has been warm enough for them to breed. it became a kind of power a device for the oyster and it bred fast so you see it's more common here now than in its native yellow sea or in japanese waters. to finish. rises says the system adapts crabs have a stablished themselves here now a threat mostly to young oysters but the warty come jellyfish still has no enemies cornelia ya suppose wants to see if some types of fish might take a liking to it or perhaps the parasitic amphipod the high period galba which nibbles away other species reproductive organs the traditional kind of feel they have no natural predators in the central baltic at the edge of where the name yachts with of expanded ice and how we have seen that caught fish to eat them.

researchers have no real idea what species might prey on these jellyfish and control their population that's a new field of research and what i'll be investigating in the coming years. at least research is also yielding some new insights confidence larvae for example seem to be able to escape the warty comb jellyfish just clutches but many open questions remain what is the purpose of the jellyfish is fascinating light show and what impact with their presence have on the ecosystems of the north and baltic sea . and that has been revealed in the water. a home for plants and animals. in the past a lot of mud and was drained to extract. or to create the land but that also released gases that are harmful to the environment. many moons are now being restored so they can once again act as

a carbon sinks but what about the impact on phony. eggs small ponies and water buffalo graze peacefully in an area of south east germany known as the swabian door now morse. for decades this moisture friend was drained and used for farming during that time the pizza oil gave off huge amounts of greenhouse gases since it's been reflooded the levels of carbon escaping from here have dropped significantly but can a farmer still make a profit from this fan and agricultural engineer i need a shoe man works for a foundation committed to preserving and developing the habitat she's working with farmers to test out new ways of using the land. of farmers were initially opposed to the reflooding 50 years ago they had to drain it all so they didn't see why that should be reversed. but it's to reduce carbon emissions. by giving it farmers the chance to keep livestock on the land were

offering them alternative sources of income and. for my christan my agreed to work with the foundation in 2015 he builds up a herd of water buffalo for the risk paid off the marshland is ideal terrain for the animals with their why. cattle probably wouldn't cope with the story of the water buffalo have no problem at all they're happy in their meat shells well there is no comparison with cattle i think . my i get subsidies for his life start from the local. money by cutting the grass on land not used for grazing as another nearby fan scientists are overseeing the reflooding they're testing how different grasses affect carbon levels. we're looking at greenhouse gases it's an automated system that measures

trace gas for us you can see the frames around with plants inside. comes over the top measure with the gas we're interested in. inside the frame it's made. up so we can measure the emissions for a specific plant at a specific water level. just the water level mustn't be too high $10.00 to $15.00 centimeters below the surface seems to be ideal for the least amount of carbon escape into the atmosphere. the scientists are also testing to see which marsh and wetland plants could be most profitable for the farm. is experimenting with growing grass edges on his farm he packages normally he feeds them hay but he's going to try them on freshly cut edges.

i'm intrigued to know whether they'll lead. it and how well we'll take to it we'll see. it's the 1st time this said field is being caught yukking houses colleague christiane maya has also saying said they've been very well on the damn ground on the mowing is going smoothly. next to it conventional summer crops grow on drained family and this land emits 20 tons more c o 2 packed taf the. aim is to see the difference what we can do with the soldiers and how much profit we will use to see what the future could look like. as yet the farmers don't know what they can earn from the sedges. but the reeds have many potential uses. causes so some for the grass is the basic fodder for our

livestock so of course we'll try that it could be fodder for the bio gas plants to generate energy would have been or we could create pellets for thermal worms or insulation blocks like this one which is made of gold rush which has excellent thermal properties. hot. but all these options 1st have to be tested. and culls is intrigued to know whether his alpacas will eat the fresh said which is quite tough. but. that's why so that was clear 0 interest. in one more try. then decided if they don't want to be fresh i assume know it it once it's dried as of the mole in one it well this stuff dries well to top it off i'm optimistic about the whole project to miss this

from positive in. the trials are due to end in 2022 they stand to benefit both the farmers and the land as well as the climate. that's all for now thanks for joining us on tomorrow today. will be back next week with more fascinating stories from the world of science and technology until then but by.

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sustainable is this culture. that means over. starts more changes on t.w. . cut. this is news live from berlin guilty twice kremlin critic alex a novelli will stay behind bars. a court upholds the russian opposition leader sentence for violating his parole and finds him guilty of defamation in a 2nd trial also coming up.

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