use safe water and safe all materials to avoid kentucky. food producers are the ones primarily responsible for the safety of the food you buy but you can protect yourself and your family from diseases in the home by plying the 5 keys to sea for food use them and you also have a role to play here. news and these are our top stories a united airlines jet with 231 passengers on board has dropped a bridge airing an emergency landing after its engine caught fire the incident happened shortly after takeoff from denver airport the debris was scattered across a large residential area in the suburb of broomfield

a boeing triple 7 jet landed safely. and u.s. president joe biden has declared a state of major disaster in texas following a crippling winter storm. dozen people have died in the unusually cold weather but also just power supplies 7000000 people are also under orders to boil tap water before drinking or cooking. in moscow has found russian opposition leader alex guilty of defamation a few hours earlier another court rejected the felonies appeal against a jail sentence in a separate case but it did reduce his sentence slightly. now must spend around 2 and a half years in a penal colony for violating parole. this is news live from berlin you can follow us on twitter and instagram at g.w. news or you can visit our web site.

this week old world stories the fringe group against loneliness chinese officials forcing people into. but we begin with the elderly and their kin to give this. receiving the 2nd dose of the coronavirus vaccine but many belgians are afraid of side effects and fake news is making the rounds. this is a moment to remember. colleague photographs care home barkha christina retreats as she receives her 2nd dose of the biotech pfizer vaccine. 4 months is rarely i really hope to encourage my colleagues but also my family and even the country to come and get vaccinated. and like. as vaccination drives the

nursing homes like this one in the french speaking part of belgium draw to a close many stuff still opting out. almost half of all care workers and private institutions alone in the region are hesitating even the director of this home is among the. kids give of one of the side effects let's say in 20 years nobody knows today so it's a bit like buying a car you feel like you could be safe but i want to see the crash test results so personally i am a bit skeptical but for the older people clearly it's a good thing it was kind of excess well put it to some. this caregiver is also one sure he prefers to wait because he's heard some rumors get. ahead yes some production in it that could be used. you can be orbs

of from this done because of those production them like if you're not kind of a stock you know and this is just the tip of the ice book false claims that the vaccine causes infertility or even death are spreading like wildfire across social media. the french speaking part of belgium appears particularly receptive to these ideas. the head of most in home federation firm a bell things making vaccinations mandatory maybe the only options i do not understand i do not understand that it was asked for them this so a lot of rate of elderly people would die. there so the loss of life and it's unbelievable or those people do not understand that they can protect themself it's

a big question i think we have to move. back at the nursing home this local doctor is trying his utmost to demonstrate that vaccines are safe is this and that's why child the staff here you need to get vaccinated not 70 percent of you but 100 percent of you all of you in order to win this fight. many of christina rodrigo's colleagues are also taking to social media to encourage others . she hopes each photo will make a difference. in france as in other european countries universities are closed because of coronavirus students are suffering from mounting loneliness and one young woman from struggle can't take it anymore. since the beginning of the pandemic this room has become the center of heidi's

supposed life it's where she studies attends online lectures and spends her free time watching movies a daily routine that has taken its toll on the 1000 year old. i lack any kind of enthusiasm i just feel hollow and i don't see any sense in life anymore i mean you credibly nervous and cry for the slightest reason i am a lot more short term pert and have become a control freak regarding anything that i can actually still control i don't feel like going for walks anymore it just costs too much energy with it although i'm normally quite a lively person and listen to those most heroes and you know me now i want to live . in her despair she published a letter to president on social media asking him to read open the universities she signed the letter heidi support zombie. i had been talking to

a few friends about this how sick i was of the situation i had the impression that people had forgotten about us young no one understood what it's like for us even among students it was too boot to talk about it so i wanted to get through to the government but also to other students people in general. and she succeeded hundreds of other students contacted her to share their own similar stories across the country thousands of students took to the streets. president personally wrote back to heidi asking her to hold out then he announced new measures of support and the 2 young. students have the same needs as workers so they will also be allowed to come back to university for one day per week women are inevitable for the present here heidi is glad that her cry for help was heard but she remains realistic visuals that it's a start at least certain student s.

stations can offer activities again as some students will come back in the long run though living a one day per week won't be enough and i know that the months to come will be very tough although at least we now feel a bit less invisible. the prospect of the past reopening has given her the energy to go for keisha walks again and help her see the future in a brighter light. minority groups in china like the week is the being of princeton and the chinese secret service is apparently forcing week is living in exile to spy on their behalf as well by threatening their families back home. they say meanwhile the shop owner selling imported foods including a lot of products in his hometown of course. in 2015 when he returned to see john

from a business trip to malaysia he was stopped at the airport and brought to a detention center. they brought me into a room they sat me down at a metal table and they tied my legs and my arms to it. by stating this position for 2 days. we meet a say in an apartment in munich germany he says he was never told what he was accused of his papers say that he was suspected of endangering state security a suspension month in detention then suddenly he was released but under one condition he had to agree that he would work for chinese state security. i thought i would just stay in touch with them i didn't have the intention but the term really worked for their work again. that was an illusion after his release a so you mean regularly met with an agent who introduced himself as a bot. he was able to continue traveling abroad he says in the beginning nothing

specific had been asked of him and he maintains he never reviewed information on anyone but it's impossible to verify these claims about one year later ayso was detained again this time he was freed with a specific request he was told to spy on a young man in turkey he said left for istanbul then he decided not to return to china and went on a web cost with a story. corps bon called after the show. he told me you decided to appear on this show and talk about you know that your family is here in china or a lot of that stuff. since then many of his relatives have disappeared 5 siblings have been arrested ace's oldest brother was sentenced to 25 years in jail other week has gave him the news since he cannot reach any of his relatives by phone. and i tried to see the place where he used to live

an american colleague and i are followed around closely constantly harassed. and you can't just walk around here and interview people there when many negative reports. on. the other this is one day i ask you about. so many people have been detained and many disappear every day . so the question is going to end. he answered america did not become america without shedding a lot of blood hublot a lot more is going to happen here. and going on the stuff. i say is waiting for his refugee status to be approved he thinks that he is relatively safe here but he also knows that he could be talked to and.

britain is famous for its beautifully manicured gardens but that's about to change the fluid someone like him has anything to say about it his mission is a near return to unchanged nature and he has some special helpings. they call it large blocks and they're allowed to roam almost anywhere to take up the ground at summer late in the state in the east of england. they are land owner last summer latents secret weapon. their very 1st and you can afford to have quite a pigs. for quite a short time to go to censored to the ground to a lot of open space for new seeds and look at some of the agents the state covers over 20 square kilometers he himself lives in the manor house but in the adjacent park all the animals are allowed to roam free the lord of the manor has set apart a 5th of his property and left it completely to nature. summer late and does

eventually slaughter the pigs but it's also their job to ensure greater biodiversity there has been an overgrowth of a specific fern species and the pigs help contain it. in the in order to. host the soil and to cement the to see brother thrall seabird on the new. we need to disrupt brucker. as soon as they have completed their task the bigs have to get out of the forest. not some latent does not accept the argument that only rich landowners can afford to protect the environment he believes people need to change their mindset being in touch with nature not similate and believes that as many people as possible should experience this he'd like to turn the adjacent marshland into nature park for equal. but i'm watching kind of pins and stuart's and white tailed eagles kind of walking up and down this river valley but still with

cattle and with. farming systems but that have to be gentle. but to do that yes to convince its neighbors fest because free roaming pigs on the property that just do what they want for most famous that is simply a step too far. and you hear me now yes yes we can hear you and how last year's german chancellor when you bring your uncle our mascot as you've never cards have surprise yourself with what is possible who is magical really what moves her and want all some who talk to people who followed her along the way admirers and critics alike how is the world's

most powerful woman shaping huddle if you join us from eccles last stop. forced into a nameless mass. their bodies your jewels. the history of the slave trade is africa's history. been destroyed before our entry profit plummeted and entire continent into chaos and violence. this is the journey back into the history of slavery and i think will truly be making progress when we all accept the history of slavery as all of our history. our documentary series slavery routes starts march 10th on t w. plus

. if we just take the time to observe that nature provides us with a fascinating spectacle. earth is the planet of life running crawling all flying life abounds everywhere. but for all this beautiful diversity to have proliferated earth has had to provide a favorable environment for around 4000000000 years. but it. was then with the conditions which enabled the blooming of life on earth and could these conditions be present elsewhere resulting in alternative ecosystems.

and in an attempt to answer these questions scientists scour the cosmos for signs of life. they've built giant telescopes with which to probe the universe and listen to the whispering of the stars but space has remained resolutely silent. but scientists have sent probes to the very edges of our solar system but all they've sent back has been images of planets inimical to life over the last 25 years however astronomers have discovered thousands of incredibly diverse planets in our galaxy alone and. so many strange worlds with no sign of life not one of the planets similar to our own so could it be that earth really is unique.

all living things on earth are made of the same building blocks long carbon based molecules scientists now think that a large proportion of these molecules came from outside planet earth. comets and asteroids could be the missing links of a lone chain the chain began with the simple molecules found in the early cloud dusts and culminated with the building blocks of life from which life on earth 1st sprang the chain leading to life. may lead to when it all but this carbonaceous material ended up going to earth oceans that adventure all whole series of changes that particular temperatures particular events a particular star very particular radiation they are all cutting here.

this organic matter was constantly altered on its long journey towards our planet its final composition the product of a singular history which scientists are now attempting to reconstruct. to understand what happened to these comments during their transformation and journey through the solar system louis don't the core and clay core don't have

taken an original approach which. doesn't require a long and costly interplanetary travel more a trip in a test tube. because if you go in the day there's the idea of a journey which is quite poetic but it's framed in a very scientific context show on parole structure 50. here in the libertarian must say the scientists simulate the formation of a comet and its journey to earth i don't know how do we do this it's comets are made of ice and we make some ice so we're going to last the rush was equally chose 3 molecules likely to be in such eyes water methanol and ammonia the water 1st yeah tell me when i have the methanol. we're ok. piece i see material is similar to that of which the newly formed comets were composed next beyond official comments

a long journey he simulated in fast forward. also we know that a week in the lab represents a 1000000 unit was already. going to do our job to tell me when you switch it on then i'll do the compressed air in the experiment begins in the chemical reactor there's a vacuum very close to that of interstellar space and the temperature is minus 200 degrees celsius. or not for me we made the ice we can see a bit here but we're sort of growth on the edge of the window. the i.c. is bathed in ultraviolet light simulating solar radiation which breaks up the molecules. on these 1st stage produces a simple molecules which can then recombine to make more complex molecules if this astonishing experiment is successful. in the class warfare what we're going to do now is it warm the system a little dizzy with the ice. event begins the 2nd part of the

experiment the comet leaves the outer region of the solar system and approaches the warmest zones with earth it's. no what if you like to ask if you see the ice disappearing after a moment you can see bubbles forming itself so we're approaching a phase where the water is close to leaving ice is good i guess once we lose the water we see a widest film on the surface of the few that's new molecules that are form a class of it's not just at the end because we have tiny droplets on the surface of the window which are quite visible to the eye and they constitute the organic matter that's been formed from the initial ice it was a radiator and then on the armed. the temperature in the reactor is now around 20 degrees celsius the artificial comet has finished its transformative journey. there are 5

and. at the end we get thousands of different kinds of molecules if we start with just remark your water methanol and ammonia or if we apply energy to the earth and we form thousands of other molecules on. the experiment was a success. in the small chemical reactor there announced simple organic molecules similar to the building blocks from which life sprang for. among these molecules of life there are amino acids the base of all proteins found in every living creature . also in these droplets there are sugars essential for the construction of d.n.a. . to see what each lot of coal molecules like there's ended up on earth in fact what we call meteorites are pieces broken away from comets and asteroids that came in our atmosphere and left their extra terrestrial organic material on the surface of primitive earth as that's true for us out there and.

having traveled from the outer reaches of our solar system this whole gamut matter ended its journey in the oceans of primitive earth. now we need to know what the environmental parameters were which allowed this matter to keep reassembling until it formed living organisms. this is the next step of these groundbreaking experiment. the organic matter produced by the artificial comet is placed in an environment close to that of primitive earth. get a bit of all a push room with this experimental approach we can change the environmental conditions like job we can change for example the water. pressure of what we can change the wavelength of the imaginary some that were years ago when going into music a sussex home of a dying yelp what's very important for determining the various parameters of this or that other limited or not are they unique to earth look at their other

environments elsewhere in our solar system or os x. of planets for example or things of that dies of. gannett molecules are present throughout the universe but the presence of the basic ingredients of life may not in itself be enough for life to exist. to go from the inert to the living may require a very specific combination of environmental conditions that we're only just starting to piece together.

was higher than. our planet clearly provided the conditions necessary for life to arise very early on liquid water has been present on earth for 4400000000 years and the most ancient traces of life date from frequent a 1000000000 years ago. on a geological time scale life appeared very quickly. what then was this particular medium which allowed the 1st living organisms to appear so quickly biologist put it on lopez garcia here in mexico is studying the amazing adaptability of life in environments very similar to those of primitive earth. while she wound. it's crazy to play if i think i'm like would be smaller but it's a pretty big if and deep it's going to be hard to get out with not kill any monthly . says and it smells of sulfur so i love it shall we go event oh yes.

i. could if you cast your own and stuff it moreira are exploring the crater of the volcano as children in mexico. fumaroles boiling cauldron it's hot mud and springs the geothermal activity is evident everywhere here. gas rising from the bowels of the earth bubbles up through the acid lake. the too violent just 1st time is to measure the parameters of this extreme environment before looking for signs of life. to see is it hot really hot yes. that's why there were up to 9092 that's still going

up and i for 5000 or 6.7 degrees says before it comes out again it must be seriously hot inside i must so i'm telling you. sit on the on if you ignore the plants at the edge of the craters this is like some environments of primitive earth with lots of volcanic activity and hydrothermal activity what is lost hydrothermal activity was a constant ancram an ever. sit by. same yes 96.6 shall we take a sample moment they're going to show do you think we have their cell phone on. these hydrothermal environment is very similar to that in which life 1st appeared

and it doesn't take the 2 biologists long to find organisms which appear to thrive here. all out of view full crazy or take a sample here chose the exhibit the way. it. was. despite these conditions which to us seem extreme there's abundant microbial life here the 2 scientists find and observe many varieties of bacteria organized into communities. believes are getting as much as these organisms aren't primitive organisms yet from the microbial diversity we find here and in other ecosystems we can deduce the characteristics of the 1st living organisms.

studying environments like these folks can a crater scientists can easily imagine the types of environments which were favorable to the formation of life on earth. yet there's a lot of hot water vapor or no doubt no more you hear the water but we can't see a lot of other shall we go to them like look at down over there. 4000000000 years ago the chemistry of life may well have begun in small puddles swept by a backwash book with people. as many hypotheses about the origins of life suggests that there were tides leaving little lakes small ponds which let the organic molecules come together to maybe kick start life so maybe we needed both land and

sea but the key for the continuity i don't want. to call the scope of the big danger would have been too much water or do with just a little bit more water we'd have had deeper oceans maybe tens of thousands of meters deeper and we'd have had no land just one big ocean when it was no surface no interaction and no possibility of environments favorable to life if we can wonder if the fact that earth had just the right amount of water to have 70 percent oceans continents and then interaction was what made life possible for. the ponds of hydrothermal springs provide an ideal environment in which the chemistry of life can get started water heat and chemical elements rising from under the surface that tear up the need to primitive earth was definitely a chemistry and land level a dirty chemistry lab where you have a ball with lots of components all mixed up with

a lot of changing of parameters and condition it's a mental block will take on the show. for several hundreds of millions of years the molecules mixed together rearranging themselves in all possible combinations becoming ever more complex could this chemistry to finally produce life the chemical elements needed to be able to assemble in isolation from the outside environment. the cell membrane needed inventing. the c.e.o. within this one voice a bubble of greece and ireland these elements on the plane that was the 1st individual and if it's split into 2 that was the 1st population has life the most it. having only just. come into existence the 1st life forms were still fragile their only protection from the outside environment a thin membrane. yet they succeeded in developing their metabolism and specializing

life could now diversify trying out multiple forms. of love you save us a fly has diversified an armistice but from a single common ancestor maybe early on there were several has a ton of life but only one survived media not a moment by the end of this year we know this because despite the incredible diversity of living i think animals and plants and the enormous variety and diversity of microorganisms and we all have characteristics that we share act i stick to some. one of us is just saying biochemical base that the same d.n.a. as genetic material and we're all based on the same protein man's pain. to ski so everything that's in bacteria fungus birds whales or plants is the same stuff as us we're all related from bacteria to the most beautiful dresses debate

daily and activity off. all inhabitants of earth carry within the traces of these shared ancient history for we all constructed from a limited number of identical basic ingredients and yet 4000000000 years ago of the building blocks were available on primitive earth. on it it is the only. new co-leader rides came from bodies which broke up the ends of years ago and it is a meteorite there were from 60 to 80 amino acids we only use 24 g.'s good though. yes the 1st lifeform chose these 20 amino acids for why those so it's probably just a question of chance. if the retired marine vision you can very well imagine

a world in which living creatures are made up of 28 amino acids it of it's not the same ones as us it wouldn't produce all the same lifeforms harbored they would be very different movie so how can you feel. scientists come up against a serious problem when trying to work out how life 1st came into being. 4000000000 years of plate tectonics have obliterated any trace of the 1st organisms. so they have to look elsewhere on a planet where conditions favorable to life did once exist and where traces of this distant past may still remain. said they can either plankton exist there's no plate tectonics on the surface of mars or at least a start very early there which means that certain sides its entire history has been

preserved going back a very long time after 4000000000 years old and. there was certainly time for life to occur on months before the planet lost its happiness fear and any record of these beginnings could very well have been preserved under the surface. now safely to mars had to use a very similar to earth which liquid water comets raining down organic matter and so on just like on earth and they all got me. going to the ends i had your feeling that this was the same ingredients from space there might have been the same beginnings of difficult changes which on earth produced life also. maybe on mars there were these 1st these are dangerous to like making membranes i was struck just like that the strict orders had to.

definitely didn't leave studied the planet alive and we realized that 3 and a half to 4000000000 years ago mars had the conditions that it could have supported the beginning of life without the he's short directions. and that's where i think we've found that the curiosity rover which has been on mars for 7 years now since the end is still investigating itself that a crater it touched down at which is 160 kilometers across used to be a lake of fresh water filled with fresh water this water was present for hundreds of millions of years old so it's possible that my wife appeared in that crater levee a plant that it would also cut to. exploring the former lakes of months these scientists were hoping to on so one of the major questions of astronomy and biology is life a pretty ordinary phenomenon in the universe popping up wherever conditions are

favorable or is it really a one off phenomenon that we have practically no hope of finding anywhere else but on the surface so this is the crucial question which the next missions to explore the red planet's arid surface will attempt to answer even though for the last 40 years the history of the search for life on mars has been one long series of disappointments almost every 2 years we hear we found evidence of life but we haven't on mars is on us. least disappointments began with mariner 4 in 1965 as the probe got close to mass it sent back the 1st photographs of the surface to the consternation of the scientific community. the. photos showed a dry and desert like planet. then it was the viking missions the 1st time scientific probes actually touched down on martian soil menas since 1976 the viking

which looked on life with maya logical experiments looking for life on the surface of mars the results are negative gets if. she was exposed to the viking experiments were actually looking for life on mars that would be the same as all nervous idea that's a total illusion and it didn't work it got nowhere but it needed to it was a huge disappointment as the 980 s. doomed not just the general public but scientists too were in through to the then dominant idea in both cinema and literature that life the bounded beyond our planet said that upon the echo that was the 1st big shock shaking the dominant paradigm of that time which said that there was life everywhere including on mars. the failure of the viking missions cooled for a total rethink of how we should tackle the question of extraterrestrial life bhaskar lhermitte take care if you can just yet sense mankind had been convinced for several centuries that there was life all over the universe and the solar

system people seriously thought that mars was the most likely to be favorable to life on you know a definite pre-sales issue took several setbacks in those experiments and for people realized that this idea that there was life everywhere and run its course of us if you did a few no food is only recently that space mission has shown that we should have a different approach in our missions of the planet mars because you know i think up on that mass. the next exploratory missions to mars won't be looking for life now but rather the trace of life in the past. this is the objective of the ambitious european exo in. mission with its mobile laboratory. name and we know mars well enough now to look specifically for things that have been preserved in the right context in zone so

favorable to life. it's here ensuring that the gigantic 3 d. jigsaw puzzle of the european x. is being assembled it's a worthy challenge for the scientific community. from the control center ensure in caroling frisbie name will monitor the analyses of the martian soil carried out by the automatic laura tree in the rover it's the 1st time a mission will be capable of analyzing samples from the neat the surface of mars. all 6 or less just surfaces bombarded by radiation which destroys the material they're looking for such as organic matter which would be the possible residue of a life or can fall under the. masses atmosphere

became too feeble to filter the solar radiation that so from full to life. all close off by drilling down to meters we can get a much better preserved environment just clear it is more likely that the moment use we're looking for would be preserved preserve us all the more nature could all the chefs. looking for life on mars is in effect looking for our own challenges on earth that we don't know how it went from chemistry to biology it's the missing link exobiology that passage from chemistry to bio at your new shifts. so push on must cause as if on mars through these experiments we find organic matter we can say that we're attracting the 1st stages of how life emerged on earth jeff in

a very short good ideas of the. earth fortunately underwent a very different history from that of monster our planet was able to hold on to its atmosphere and liquid water life continue to evolve inventing new forms. and this white rock is testimony to an op he believed that occurred 2500000000 years ago in the oceans the development which changed the entire history of life on earth a planet scale revolution brought about by microorganisms. we

had beautiful to me this rock has the history of art a history of biology it's evolution it's the amazing ability to transform matter and energy and it's fantastic and where the children of this type of microorganism this is our parent and i hate a soft. these are just any rocks that biologist put it because your lopez garcia and her team a here to study. these count carry a structure's the result of what was a brand new process using solar radiation as a source of energy astra matter lights constructed by complex microbial communities . in particular cyanobacteria. skin onto i'm surrounded by fossils from our lives if this is a piece of living history man and i've just charmed you can see the colonies of

green messiah and i bacteria that is still a typical color of chlorophyll the pigment essential for photosynthesis and the photo scientists. this great innovation by cyanobacteria with their ability to manufacture their own food sugars from the 3 most abundant elements on primitive earth water carbon dioxide and sunlight this process photosynthesis also produces a cow carious deposit which surrounds and protects the cyanobacteria allowing them to form colonies. no gun. but a lovely piece is growing real in the great gravy really fast as. we have at least at least a 100 micrometers of growth per year maybe even $200.00 to $250.00 or so. down the past wonderful while. so much on like that we were happy this morning because

we found a columnist sation systems we had placed here 5 years ago yes now colonized by microbial commute.