slavery. i think we're truly be making progress when we all accept the history of slavery as all of our history. our documentary series slavery routs starts march 10th on w. hello and welcome to this week's edition of focus on europe thanks for joining us today we wanted to start the show by looking at the plight of refugees were trying to reach the european union thousands are currently stuck in bosnia many are living in makeshift camps on mud racing the winter cold from here they regularly try to cross the border to the country croatia many live in the woods next to the small town of

very cut. it's just the stone's throw away from their final destination the european union those who have taken on the tough and dangerous journey to bosnia don't want to give up when they had this close but crossing the border to neighboring croatia is not easy some refugees report how they have pushed back across the borders sometimes quite violently so some bosnians like yes nina who she did share trying to help refugees with the one little they have and they're even willing to take some risks. an eagle refugee camp near the town of very quickly in northern boss nia adela a palestinian is back after being forcibly deported from croatia by the border patrol. officer. last voluntary aid worker 49 year old yes mina her she did she came across

a dollar during her evening rounds now she's trying to supply him with bare essentials i have him here. but. i don't. just mean a says she sometimes feels bad that she can't do more for them. during the day she works in a boston government office but after leaving her office she heads out as a volunteer to help the refugees. for the past year yes mina has gone shopping for them every day paying with donations or out of her own pocket buying rice oil and sometimes meat then she packs donated choose jackets and pants in bags and labels them with a mobile phone numbers of refugees she's in contact with that way she can be sure each one has received what they need most and my daughter's study in.

germany so if they can help. chairs for but there is life why other people can't soon afterwards yes media is on her way to the 1st stop of the evening this is sydney today. but 1st got there. can you help me please. hello. hello how are you. and here is a 23 group. about a dozen young men most of them algerians the found shelter here. is you what is. sometimes very hard but it's all. i can do what i can do maybe it's not enough but just

a little like they were all of hundreds of migrants are living in conditions like this in bosnia without the help of people like this nina life would be impossible but for the volunteers themselves the situation in boston is becoming increasingly risky we're doing everything we require it. not to challenge any for they have. in this efficient i think that is a better frame because some think here people a lot of things happen yes we know who she did other bosnians are organizing a volunteer aid group and hope to get it registered without official permission says the cantons interior minister. it's actually illegal to render any assistance to refugees bus units who do so can be charged foreigners deported. if we discover foreign citizens working without permits in bosnia and herzegovina they would be deported and banned from entering bosnia for

a certain period in accordance with our laws so could. the notions of. foreign aid workers have complained about the difficulties of getting officially registered and even then the work of refugee aid organizations is here in lipa is strictly regulated the bosnian authorities also want to see all the migrants housed in camps like the one to leave this is one reason for the hardline taken against volunteers like use nina who visit illegal camps like this one in the forest but for the refugees here she's often the last hope for. someone to get bored so i want to give rolled through everything there so something feel good but our men want to go forward with their lives but their chances of getting there are slim they will probably have to hold out here for months i want that they feel that roll call here probably they not. they don't tell place for the

place for. washing for cooking for as long as they remain here yes mina who she ditched intends to keep coming by every evening to help as best as she can spain is one of several monarchies in europe but recently the image of the royal family has taken a hit last year former king juan carlos left the country after a corruption scandal his son philippe who was the reigning king has also faced a lot of criticism and now the situation is escalating. young demonstrators are taking to the streets of large city each day some are even rioting protesting the i rest of a rapper was found guilty of insulting the monarchy and his lyrics and his tweet. it was like a scene from an action movie heavily armed riot police stormed the university of

later and students tried to stop them. they had such a barricades to protect rapper pablo herself who hoped to avoid arrest. but it was all in vain you know their own never stop us with their crush a cell shouted before being taken to jail. he was sentenced for his tweets and lyrics which insult the monarchy and glorify violence against politicians and the police. had conducted a telephone interview with us so the day before his texts are full of tasteless to violent fantasies he even speaks of shooting politicians in the neck. this is artistic freedom he said. she i read a sentence because i sing about reality i mean they cannot stop me from criticizing the monarchy even if it's banned and they lock me up for a year younger than a telephone call you know probably get me in one of his raps songs or sell refers

to former king juan carlos undersold philippe as corrupt parasites you know we're going to fold for this relentless event calls for the guillotine for the royal family one of your. sucking up to you if you go for enough to destroy the gus searcy veto cells lawyer outside the university of later. she pointed out that even the spanish media had reported about corruption in the monarchy. on carlos allegedly received 100000000 euros in bribes from saudi arabia. ethic and that of course my client insulted the royal family the house of bourbon. that but this is allowed thanks to freedom of speech when people hold positions of great responsibility they have to face criticism and mother what can i add. insult in the

monarchy and draw a fine violence are not crimes as such in other european countries ablow hersel is the 1st the spanish rapper to be jailed for these offenses. however here's the 1st case in spain. dozens of artists have been taken to court in recent years. the rapper says are montagnier also known as strawberry was 1st sentenced to one years' imprisonment after tweeting about an attack on a general of the franco regime. but the constitutional court acquitted him after 5 years. for people who don't know you you remain a terrorist because of these. accusations someone who glorifies terrorism someone who should be excluded from society. we do nothing. for your can rapper vile tonic was also sentenced to 3 and a half years imprisonment for insulting the monarchy and glorifying violence. and

asked him if he was the man at the effect of belgium and now lives in brussels. the belgian authorities have so far refused to extradite him. they say the offense is for which he is wanted in spain and are not crimes in belgium that the money used by the will not be for. many spanish bands are seen to be hable they'd love to sing a song against the king or but they're afraid some of you see 18 singers have been found guilty so far the same goes for a controversy over tweets that many say that spain's restrictive laws are connected to the terrorist attacks committed by the basque separatist organization which killed over 800 people. but the laws have become even more restrictive since announced its dissolution. unless the international is calling on the government to

stick to european norms. the european court of human rights has twice condemned spain for citing the crime of insulting the monarchy but this criminal offense continues to exist and people are still prosecuted that. spain is currently run by a left wing coalition but it is struggling to change the law. however the ministry of justice announced this week that it was working just after the june of pablo herself that's a massive protests. told t w it had no time for an interview. however the prime minister did comment i mean our democracy will always guarantee demonstrations and freedom of speech and even outrageous absurd statements but our democracy will never tolerate violence. these are just so. controversial raps by public herself

actually that the demonstrations for many his arrest has turned him into a martyr. spain is coming across as an unjust state because of its restrictive interpretation of freedom of speech. at some point the demonstrations become violent which is part of the ritual of these protests many young people are seeking confrontation right now. the imprisoned tropper has become a symbolic figure for them. this year germany is celebrating 1700 years of jewish life in the country exhibitions and events both online and on the ground are showing what it's like to be a jew in germany for some it means living in fear of a possible anti-semitic at tech in 2019 and the east and german town of halabja

a right wing extremist shot dead 2 people after his plan of gunning down worshipers at a nearby synagogue failed one of the crime scenes was a nearby turkish bistro the attack has affected the business now the jewish community and is joining forces to show support for the owner. today isn't tech and space travel is also in the morial site to a customer of his kevin shots who bled to death here. or matter how hard you try you can't forget it. outside to do a plaque commemorates the 2 people who died in the terrorist attack in halla. on october 9th 2019 in downtown holland a heavily armed right wing extremist went on a shooting spree his real target was the town synagogue he was out to kill jews

but he failed to break through the door he shot down a woman passing by and then attacked the turkish be strapped izmit tech in was lucky he'd gone shopping his brother was able to flee the attacker but there was no escape for kevin. but once the official commemoration was over its matecumbe felt left alone with his own memories of that day. which came after was disappointing. nobody came by and nobody showed any interest. we felt abandoned. and then came the covert 1000 pandemic the few customers who still came were only allowed to order takeaways tekken who came to germany from turkey 12 years ago faced financial ruin but then help came from an unexpected quarter eager matley its from the jewish community the intended target of the attack and others called on people to buy vouchers for 1000 combat and the

jewish student union collected another 30000 euros they are there to support fellow members of how a society with their kids do it i know your fans to the solidarity of the neighborhood kabob shop will stay on as a place where we can pick up something to eat. anything else would only serve the aims of the attacker unversed person doesn't deserve and he just missed. it i just got rid of his i just missed my tekken his been gaining confidence again for himself and the fight against hatred. methadone but we all stick together more. as immigrants and journalists. no matter what or nationality or faith but all or. only a few 100 meters away hell a synagogue has been under constant police guard since the attack matchett says now

the house of worship is well protected but as a jew in germany he no longer feels quite a safe so he would like to see that as many people as possible become aware that this danger is real not just because of october the 9th 2019 and hala but also because of many other horrifying events the majority of society has to be aware that minorities don't feel safe in germany and which bore us to be don't. those who feel threatened plan to take action for themselves jews like matt fitz and muslim immigrants like izmit tekken. the attacker nearly destroyed his livelihood but now at the age of $36.00 he's setting out to remodel his bistro set up tables in the rear room and make it an inviting place to eat once again. and. will offer different meal combinations every day. so people can get another

perspective coma many of its meticulous customers have already gained another perspective on this life the people of hala are showing solidarity with the be strong. we were going as much as 28 in the long run that's not good for your waistline but we still try to come here as often as possible and it's matecumbe knows he can continue to count on the help of. the jewish community every. gesture of defiance against hatred and violence and. for years the hunger and prime minister viktor orban has been criticized by the e.u. for dismantling his country's independent judiciary and for stifling press freedom in his quest for taking even more control or ben is now giving his country's capital budapest a make over a number of ministries are being moved to the popular castle district that has led

to protests from historians architects and presidents. budapest's castle district is undergoing major building work soon hungary's ministries are to be relocated to the palaces built according to historical models prime minister organ wants council district to become hungary's new power center he's already moved his official residence here the district mayor martin a sally is appalled the opposition politician is forced to look on as the government expropriate slammed by the city. as not your this sends a dangerous social message that you're on that night when it mattered i don't want us reverting back to how things were in 1944 including architecturally this was an arbitrary dictatorial decision by the government that runs counter to society's interests. a very. many share her concerns residents like to mushtaq now

hardly recognise the city anymore. hello mayor what brings you here i wanted to see the new buildings around the castle. i fear there is nothing we can do to stop this. madness has lived here for 26 years he's worried that he and his neighbors will soon no longer be able to live in the cost of district thomas says the government's plans come at a high cost to hungry in more ways than one. first they said it would cost $75000000.00 euro or would now they've spent $155000000.00 . of it because if you aren't even halfway finished and. hungary's parliament building is located on the other side of the danube river today square looks exactly the same as it did in march 944 repeat once again with statues and

monuments from the era of miklos shorty who served this region through most of world war 2 opens government even reinstalled the monument of national martyrs which was removed after world war 2. historian christian valley reviews archive material of its original unveiling. and footage from 2019 when the reconstructed monument was in or grated to fieri rhetorical by parliamentary speaker last look who fell. ma not serious damage or police tanach it will we are branded and to european descent a phobic of islamophobia and homophobic just for cherishing our traditions. as the rhythm of what it was like the russian record yet at the mag under a can only win this fight for enemies understand that their foreign money gutlessness and treasonous ways will never really hungry again of course i was

short of the number of cigarettes that isn't the whole truth on all songs it were the more you know they are equating the current political opposition to a band of terrorists and traitors. to the more you that's puzzling because such parties are governing all over europe today. michael. sparer why should hungry be a member of the european union if its government advocates values at odds with the woman as the unit represents some of it here but. the historian cannot understand all the instance down to the 1940 s. . he says nicholas hoult he oversaw a dark chapter in the country's history. as hundreds of thousands with a portrait from hungary and sent to the jets 944 was about that happy if. thomas matty agrees he meets with his neighbor

a youngish martin herder moving why. these days you just don't know what's going to happen the country is being fleeced you know my wife is jewish is back then the jews had no why they were born in trains they would have refused my wife does not want to see anything like that happen ever again. janish marty has decided to leave budapest and possibly hungry altogether just like hundreds of thousands of in gary and citizens who could no longer bear to watch their country's political transformation in recent years. we now take you to the scottish highlands to the small town of dull we need to be precise the vast green landscape is a great title way for animals and people alike for example darwinii is home to a large population of red deer and it's also sophie gold off his of sorts she's

a hunter a profession that encompasses so much more than one might think and it's a job that hasn't been affected by the kobe 1000 pandemic. so if you don't need to work from home the workplace is isolated and well cared for that's at the heart of the scottish highlands. the foot of been out. a deer hunter you know the basics they go by the deer and day and not but i truly know it's working with everything from the tiniest blade of grass right up to the clouds in the sky for job also involves feeding the ponies in summer they help to bring deer carcasses down the mountain. to winter they need to move to eat the highlands can offer them. some feel good things start becoming a hunter was the best decision of their life. it makes me appreciate scotland even

more there's always that sense of community in the cheeky ness that you get from scottish people and i praise myself for not have it all in moscow humor. so if he works on a private estate they're done with me in the highlands who work involves reforesting and restoring people she sees herself as a paid environmentalist hunting is also about protecting the environment in winter only females are cold. therefore if you all the heinz a few older ladies that i would have preferred to take out they lose a lot more condition over the winter than a younger hind would and so being proactive where thought and shit in them before they get to that stage scotland is home to europe's largest reduce population. left unchecked the animals would destroy scotland's vegetation and succumb to diseases. but today the deer are simply too far away to get

a clear shot they managed to just get out but are when they're a little bit of a fright but they know there's no threat so if we start walking towards them they would be hopping away these animals weird so lucky. later that evening it's time to feed the animals getting their attention is simple enough. the hair does load as usual by sophie's favorite star comma should i know in 10 years the things i'm doing in the job will affect everything from on the state to the whiter of scotland and not some object thing and that's i suppose it's a bit of a legacy. so while her workplace may seem isolated so if you lose just how book. reviews. it surely is a great place to work well that's all we have time for today do join us again next week for more stories and reports from europe and in the meantime you can reach us

via email or on twitter my name is liz show take care and goodbye.

it was trying to sit facing us like a bunch of the queen because i wanted to see if germany was the maybe the last few years have been quite o'brian berlijn put up an arm or a little more harm when it comes to german because on the whole so would look right in the arse for a chance to have the biggest guns a new hobby of mine i'm going all the work for it i love to be in the news there are pros and there are homes but when you feel i'm all for giving your realize it's called just another way of living are you ready to meet the devil then joining me right just do it. what is different

on the islands of. here women are in charge. archipelago has had a matriarchal system for centuries the rare form of society do they live differently then. what do they do with their power. full screens of the rainbow starts marching on t.w. oh. yes our favorite choir. angus ok.d. when i heard about the movement of. the usa i have a hand out on the 1st part as i am open to go up from us. on

our own unless there has family and where. i laugh i walk away. i will follow. that metaphor. there my i was. well i were arming again i will only get galloway i don't want. what i meant was i there's no doubt. that. any.

i am. i am. and this is what we do is live from berlin on a knife's edge fears of violence in our media as thousands gather in rival rallies in the center of the capital supporters and opponents of the country's embattled prime minister take to the streets after he was born so they could attempt all that says military commanders call for his resignation also coming up under pressure deal leaders feeling the heat from restriction for citizens or virtual talks today on the pandemic could vaccine passports pay for way to recovery.

my. own little rock thank you so much for your company everyone always start off in armenia where months of political tensions have reached a boiling point sparking concerns of violence while today there were mass rallies in armenia's capital yar of at with both opponents and supporters of the battle prime minister mukul pasha on taking to the streets on mr aposhian has himself let thousands of his supporters to the streets denouncing what he called an attempted military coup after armenia's armed forces demanded his resignation question has faced months of protests since armenians defeat by azerbaijan and the conflict over nagorno cut about last year. let's get an update now from our correspondent on the shore and she is monitoring the situation from moscow emily what can you tell us

about the situation right now in armenia. well today saw 2 power rallies in the center of the error of on in the armenian capital with opponents of new cold calling for him to resign those opponents today were joined by the military and also thousands of supporters of nicole also gathered in the center of yerevan now has now called on all sides to go home to leave the streets and to instead hold talks the opposition however is holding fast they have said that they will only talk about. resignation and it seems that they are setting up tents in the center of the city they say they're prepared to stay all night until resigns this is part of an ongoing political

crisis as you say which erupted after the war in nagorno-karabakh after all armenia was forced to sign a cease fire which many see as a humiliation for the country it had to give up several territories within. which is an ethnically armenian majority on clays inside john and which has always been recognized by the international community as being part of azerbaijan but for many armenians that cease fire was certainly a defeat and one that is represented by russian young himself emily how much popular support is there for the prime minister. well when i was there a few months ago people were already calling for. resignation after that cease fire agreement many people really see it as a humiliation they were saying to me he sold off part of armenia part of our

territory. so it's really a huge national defeat however to day thousands of people heeded. calls to take to the streets thousands of people gathered after he called on them on facebook and it does seem that he has more support a few months later now let's talk about the army is the army prepared to resort to more violence or violence i should say and forcibly remove the prime minister. well it's certainly unusual in armenia for the army to call on the prime minister to resign to get involved in politics i think it's unlikely that there will be force from the side of the army the ministry of defense has also called for calm and for the army not to meddle in politics it does seem likely however

that the pressure will continue on the call. to resign in this ongoing political crisis emily sherrilyn reporting on the situation in armenia thank you very much. let's turn our attention now to european union leaders meeting to look at ways that they can improve their pandemic response that you has been slow off the mark and its vaccination drive a new infection numbers are still stubbornly high in many countries while this map right behind me will give an overview of the infections for 100000 inhabitants over 7 days in yellow are countries that with the fewer than 58 like finland for example that you see here right behind me the darker the orange the higher the infection rate germany currently has an incidence rate of 61 while sweden and the czech republic have more than 200 so they're in deep trouble at of the e.u. meeting no we want to take a look now at the challenges that the bloc faces here's brussels correspondent back

center that scenes variance and freedom of movement about a year into the pen demick the block is struggling to keep up with recent developments as e.u. council presidential michel made clear in his invitation letter to this 2 day leaders conference it remains challenging due to the emergence of new variants and the need to strike the right balance between restrictions and the smooth flow of goods and services in the single market. the block has failed to coordinate its anti coronavirus measures with traffic piling up at some of its internal borders like here between germany and the czech republic joins us not to these guns and chided us but for us it is essential to make sure keeping the safety of her citizens in mind that the variants of the virus do not make it's to germany. nafta which aren't. with member states acting on their own brussels has reacted with a slap on the wrist. the commission sent specific letters raising our concerns to

6 member states which are belgium denmark finland germany hungary and sweden who are currently applying stricter measures and what is provided for in the recommendation in particular bans on entering or leaving the country while targeted restrictive measures on non-essential travel are necessary in the eyes of the e.u. commission blanket bans like those applied here in belgium do not serve this purpose the virus taught us that closing the borders does not stop it but we see the disruptions with spring on its way another fight among european leaders is waiting to break out greece in an attempt to save its holiday season had suggested an e.u. wide vaccination certificate other member states like denmark and sweden have already begun developing their own passports with a bloc as a whole risking fragmentation on the matter but the biggest challenge of all is the

rather slow rollout of the e.u. wide vaccination program production shortfalls and other stumbling blocks have left the e.u. trailing behind countries like the united kingdom and lead to growing impatience among its leaders. couple of enough because the european commission should exploit economic power of the e.u. to put pressure on the west a huge cooperation is poured out here from ramping up vaccine production to close recording nation a lot is on the table. and we're joined now by correspondent garrick motus in brussels geyer good to see you are e.u. leaders in damage control mode where you are because a lot of people have lost their cool about the sluggish vaccination well out. without a doubt later that is the case you have to understand that the crisis is still very much here and the e.u. member states have come with a lot of questions to this virtual summit here in brussels there's

a number of questions about border closures that have been bilaterally as we just heard in the report been taken by some member states so there is a lot of work that. the council president john michel and the commission president was about someone will have to do to bring everybody on the same page particularly also there's those questions on how much pressure can the commission and can the council put on to companies to fulfill their promises you have to understand that for a population of 450000000 the e.u. has ordered some 2000000000 vaccination doses but they have to be delivered of course and so a number of leaders have in advance of the summit said increase the pressure we just con talk only about export controls we have to talk about it more about export bounds even to do make the pharmaceutical companies which are being grilled as we speak by the european parliament to fulfill their promises another contentious issue gay or is the e.u.

behind the curve when it be when it comes to vaccine passports well again some member states say yes they are and these are particularly the member states who want to profit from the tourism industry particularly greece for instance but also austria has come forward and said look we need a common approach all 27 needs a digital at for instance to speak to show who has been vaccinated and to give privileges not the privileges necessarily but to give civil rights back to those people so that they can travel again however some member states particularly in the north among them germany are more hesitant about this approach and say look we're very early on in the vaccination process if we split the population into 2 groups that will just be unfair to be continued care quantas reporting from brussels thank you. now scientists are warning that the gulf stream current in the atlantic ocean which brings a warmth to europe and north america is under threat it's weaker than at any time

in the last 1000 years a consequence of global warming and in a new study researchers say that could bring about an increase in disasters occur case in a moment we'll speak with one of the study's authors but 1st a look at what's happening. it's long been known that the gulf stream is changing but scientists are still examining how that affects the world's climate the atlantic convection current also known as the gulf stream that says a giant teaching system water from the gulf of mexico flows north where it loses heat and sinks to the seabed flowing back south again the circular flown shows generally mild weather in north america and northern europe. but research is a concern that the gulf stream is slowing down and moving less heat northwards that's a result of manmade climate change. global warming and melting sea ice a changing the salt content and density of the oceans and interfering with these

killer flows that can lead to more and more destructive extreme weather events and rising sea levels but the lack of reliable data means the long term consequences of this are still not clear i'd like to welcome now dr left to caesar from the pos them institute for climate impact research he is one of the authors of that new study on the gulfstream dr a very warm welcome can you share some of the most salient findings of your study. thank you i'm sure so what we did this we compared a large number of different data that are all somehow linked to the ghost of a system we found that all these different data actually provide a consistent picture of the ghost in the system showing that over the last decade it has been weaker than ever before in the last 1600 years and we have the quite different data for example as the size or the mean type of terrain and ocean

settlements because this gives us an indicator of the currents the lost cities because a lot of fast the current can carry a lot of grain size is all we looked at because species because different species of coeds prefer different water temperatures and the ghost in system has such a large effect on water temperature and together all these different data show this consistent picture of the evolution of the a most of the coastal system showing that it slows down and what could the consequences be a dr of a weakening go through for all of us. that's a really good question so we know that the ghost in system carries large amounts of heat northward in the atlantic and that due to the prevailing best of the winds part of this heat is normally transported towards europe for example this is one of the reasons why winter temperatures in cities like doppler in austin pollen are in average about 10 degrees warmer as compared to cities like montreal or could they

can canada even though the light further to the south and we are stopping this mechanism we are expecting huge changes so far climate models suggest that such a weakening could also change the winter storm track over the north atlantic and actually cause more severe winter storms in the northwestern part of europe is there anything that we can do very briefly if you can. yes we can refuse to emissions because we know that there is a direct link between increased u. 2 emissions global warming and how global warming through increased freshwater fluxes into the top with enough up then take actually inhibit the drive off the gulf from system which if the sinking of water met. dr that these are from the pa stem institute for climate impact research thank you very much for sharing your findings with us. at that. all right next to business news which

nell do allow and there's more on the news app and on to get your comp and you can follow us on instagram and twitter and to get you something of a rock n roll and i'll have your thank you his fans for getting us. up to date don't miss our highlights. program. w dot com highlights. sleep. really. don't seem. to be a good. actually.