you can always check us out online at www dot com or follow us on social media is of course instagram and twitter at news and notes and in berlin for me in the entire news team thanks so much for joining us. to. the fight against the corona virus pandemic. has the rate of infection been developing what does the latest research say. information and context the coronavirus update 19 special. on t w. i was issued when i arrived here i slept with 6 people in a room. it was hard it was for. i even got white hair. learning

the german language help me a lot this gives me a little but you need to interact with the slave that you want to do their story. it's worth fighting and reliable information for margaret. patients on ventilators. overwhelmed doctors. face masks knockdowns. army trucks taking away the bodies of coded 9000 victims and new infections and deaths reported to every day. until march 2020 these were images on. the scene in

china where the virus felt far away but in the blink of an eye it had hit northern italy and spread to the whole of europe. in a matter of weeks a worldwide pandemic would be declared and our lives would never be the same. welcome to our coverage not in special and e.w. i'm going to get jones in berlin and i vividly remember sitting here in the studio last year reporting on the horus in the italian region of lombardy little did we know that 19 would soon dominate all our lives and still does. may once again look like a quiet northern italian city. but it was here that the pandemic gained its foothold in europe. it was the 1st place where the horrors of covert 19 were felt outside of china emergency stations were transformed into intensive care units and

not all patients could be treated cemeteries were overflowing and military trucks had to transport coffins out of the city the pope john the 23rd hospital was at the center of the outbreak. today the number of coronavirus patients is a small fraction of a year ago. the director of the emergency station suspects that barrack a most residents have developed a form of herd immunity to the virus. many of the people who had antibodies in their blood last march were tested again in december and they still had antibodies in their blood 8 months later of those people hardly anyone was infected again. after the 1st wave the city's health officials ordered extensive blood tests showed who had already been infected more than 40 percent of those tested had antibodies against kovac 19 perhaps explaining why significantly fewer people were infected during the 2nd wave in late 2020 but

now another problem has officials concerned. i think we may have survived the worst of it but it's far from over we have to look carefully at the mutations that are spreading because they could completely change the virus and the situation here. the outbreak left even survivors traumatized and it wiped out nearly an entire generation of seniors among them stefano fusco grandfather. there's a saying that fits this tragedy very well every time an old man dies it's like a library was burned down we saw a lot of libraries burned here it's a huge wound that will never heal. he said to look down and bury them ok much too late to save those like his grandfather. he founded an organization to seek justice

and take legal action against the public officials he said let it happen 5000 people joined up. but for now fusco says he wants to transform anger into something constructive and one year after the coronavirus catastrophe to make sure that something like that never happens again. and i'm joined now on the line by and because starting the head of the critical care department and i see you at strain on our hospital and it's a criminal of course also being a beautiful town and along the region that was hit by the pandemic last spring and dr stuart you were right in the thick of it how did you experience that terrible 1st wife last spring. the year i perfectly can recall exactly the time when we knew that we were feet being called the main team. because we have been the very 1st one to diagnose with these infection in europe and at that

time it was clear that we were forced to face our feeing which was totally unexpected then and nobody d.d.t. in the last. one 'd 100 here here in europe so it was the idea that we have to find the way to to fly again the funding meek problem which was really astonishing in there and you had to make hard choices also something that you probably don't have to do every day. yeah i think that what should be clear that the. decision now your we were forced to to face was it sorta war scenario always sort of mass casualty problem where the diffusion on my schedule of the year when there's a huge disproportion between the number of the sion you have to take care to care

and a researcher sees that you have to be a little sure that the 1000 was a very difficult very important to. me he shows which means the later is which means. how to really. range and leave. the hospital organizational to meet the think it which was top of the different from the routine that. must have been very tough for me not all your colleagues still on board did some say this is too much so i quit. yeah i promise you that as i mentioned. to cool the situation with a sort of for worst scenario worst situation. what was the shoot what was the you didn't see the peacetime organization was that thoughtfully. so.

that the defining. many many hours to be cool and so she's an old school let me say that. call the main theme for a tense east means. senior aristocles class which means a huge need of ice you care so the physician where guided. prayer. bishan with their e critical condition and so nobody nobody see no nobody surrender to the situation if you are asking me walk as being the cause of these choices for sure has been extremely hard so what is the situation now compared to years ago. let me say that from the organization of prostate the of course now we are well

prepared and we. we know better disc angle to pull off but all of these guys on fixing the very beginning these was totally unknown and so that was a nice sure the time now we are more ready and we have a more deeper knowledge about what we have to do and about the walk to call the mentee. motto for chellaney meantime we have became the core section corben the it between your logic perspective. barry close to the 1st wasteful. unfortunate the thing that you have to fight so we could be. the longer waiting for the vaccines clock a g. 25 and just very briefly if you could utter a wish to politicians what do they need to do now. i think that we have to

talk there and we have to balance again the actual. research the walkies the now is variable and forecasting very wisely what to do in the next 2 or 3 months in order to address our export all right doctor and request r.t. from criminal hospital in italy thank you so much. thank you now one positive side effect of the pandemic more people have been getting a flu jab but there are still reservations towards 90 maxine's and they justified time to ask eric. my elderly and eyes have already survived the infection and vaccination recommended for them. i'm not a doctor and your in-laws need to talk to one about what's recommended for their specific unique medical situation but they can't go into that discussion informed

so let's go back over a few fundamentals of this pandemic that are important to keep in mind 1st and foremost the elderly are the group most at risk when they get this disease in some places 4 in 5 of the people who died from cope at 19 have been over 65 that's why in fact seem rollouts nearly everywhere the elderly are at the top of the distribution list because evidence is now really piling up that back seems really do reduce severe disease hospitalization and death in that group 2nd in trials older people generally responded very well to approved vaccines and going on 300000000 shots worldwide they're still doing so so the chances that a vaccine will present some kind of danger to their health are vanishingly small

and there's a reason why which is that seems don't make you sick many people still have to be reminded of that approved vaccines don't contain sars kovi 2 they contain things that fake an infection with it and that can cause side effects as your immune system reacts sometimes even. fairly powerful side effects but but those are signs the vaccine is working and are almost always quite short term the 3rd point i want to make is that health authorities pretty much all recommend everyone get backs unaided when they have the chance even if they have the disease and have recovered because then the vaccine adds as a booster and can help shore up the immune response even more there might be some instances for example where someone is extremely frail or where there are serious

underlying conditions where doctors might recommend postponing back summation but if they were recommending that for my in-laws i'd certainly make them explain why because vaccines saved lives. derek williams will be back next week as will call it $900.00 special thanks for watching. researchers say that it's just the beginning of. sars because the 2 unbiased that could trigger a pandemic could be to. be the last most. up to 60 percent of all diseases already originate from animal how does this happen and what she really do to prevent it to morrow to the. next d.w.i. . lab od art that

advocates for more freedom. for greater self-determination and for more rights. special portraits for international women's day. are 21. 30 minutes long t w. what is different the islands of. here women are in charge. archipelago has had a patriarchal system for centuries and. the rare form of society.

women differently than men. what do they do with their power. and how sustainable is this culture. of the leaders of the rango starts march 8th on t w. planet earth will soon be home to $8000000000.00 people and the only room to live that will come at a cost to nature and with as many wild animals. how is the coronavirus pandemic related to the way we live and how might we avoid pandemics in the future. that and more coming up on today's program. well come to you tomorrow today the science show on g.w.

. in january 2021 an international team from the w.h.o. went to china to investigate the origins of the sas kovi to pathogen. but their mission did not uncover anything new. the prevailing theory is still that the virus most likely jumped from animals to humans at some point but how do animals pass diseases to people. this sounds coast to virus emerged seemingly out of the blue and up ended the whole world it was a huge shock to most people but scientists and politicians knew it was probably just a matter of time before the next pandemic emerged the news about on monday if we carry on like this we'll probably careen from one crisis to the next in the coming decades. we can't rule out that we want our town to pathogens another much more

very learned and will kill many more people for the current coronavirus. as humankind grapples with this pandemic further threats looming. last june. researches in china discovered a new strain of swine flu with pandemic potential the g. 4 strain resembles the variant that killed almost 20000 in 2009 and 10. can also be transmitted from animals to humans from person to person and then there's severe fever with from both side to piña syndrome s f t s discovered in china in 2009 it's carried by ticks and is considered an emerging infectious disease with a high mortality rate it's also viral and there's no vaccine transcona that says an epidemiologist at germany's federal research institute for animal health. human

female some of the responsibility because we're going deeper and deeper into the preserves of wild animals. that were before now reserved for animals on their natural habitats. but now agriculture is encroaching because more and more animal protein is needed to feed more and more people. and this means more opportunities for contact with wildlife or. the transmission of pathogens can occur directly from animal to human or via intermediate species known as vectors in epidemiology it's estimated that 60 percent of diseases in humans are not sick have jumped to us from animals including ebola sols mers 2 that causes 19. viruses invade cells in their hosts whether animals or humans and then replicate producing lots more virus particles. the cells often

die as a result the virus spreads in the host body and hosts can infect up as many viruses don't actually make you sick others of course do cases can range from miles to severe and even faithful as with 19 viruses also mutate and adapt. all the time and at high speed. a study from 2012 found that just 130 an arctic diseases kill 2200000 people a year and that has to do with human actions the way we live. as humans invade animal habitat such as virgin forests they wreak havoc clearing the lands to make way for fields and settlements. one study estimates this raises the risk of 0 in arctic diseases by more than 70 percent that's because such interventions tend to displace species that can carry pathogens dangerous to humans

passed away in birds rodents and bats. as their traditional habitats are destroyed many animals show up where people live and if they are indeed carrying pathogens they can pass them on to humans as we've seen with the novel coronavirus bats a believed to have been a victim of the disease but with at least one other species as it to me jerry. where markets where wild animals are kept slaughtered sold and eaten are considered a key site of transmission of pathogens to humans the conditions are often on hygienic many zoë in arctic diseases have emerged in asia. new strains of influenza viruses emerge the. g 4 is one example of the original bird flu virus h 5 n one is another it's always got sars cough too and before it was the earlier sars

virus and but so are not it pathogens also emerge in other regions. and. it's often areas where many people live close together. at germany's federal research institute for animal health the free trish lovely institute scientists. studying the transmission paths of zone an arctic diseases as well as such diseases themselves including ebola and covert 19 global travel plays a major role in spreading pathogens to the current pandemic holidaymakers became super spreaders last march after they got infected at the austrian ski resort of. consumer society has created conditions that ease the transmission of so not take diseases. i can reach just about any place on earth without a means of transport within the incubation period of certain pathogens. that means we can get there without noticing anything we're not already infected and can carry

disease vast distances and spread them from continent to continent. continent what can be done to curtail the geographical spreading of disease thing embolden hi my research a sustained ability at the phone who for institute for systems and innovation research a list of. everything nowadays is focused on maximizing efficiency and profit that's not sustainable in our systems are not at all resilient a disruption in one area can cause the entire system to fail to prevent a pandemic as a major undertaking of so many factors are involved. we make less likely if we use fewer resources and curtail the destruction of ecosystems. she recommends working at home and video calls rather than business trips and commuting and if one has to travel using public transport ride sharing more cycling rather than driving

alone in one's own car and electric power is better than combustion engines is to conserve resources and slow climate change that plays a role in this thread of diseases. came up under common argument change can have an influence especially. vector borne diseases diseases transmitted by insects or takes the cold blooded in 1st subject to environmental conditions that are leading the climate gets warmer they can move to new regions any pathogens they're carrying there as well. as sustainable relationship with the environment would involve changing our consumption habits trying to source food in closing locally boden hi miss says we should conserve resources. consuming less doesn't mean they simply making do with less it also means finding creative approaches to consumption. for example sharing lending repairing

things like buying 2nd hand. in many areas there are viable alternatives to buying everything new children's clothing bicycles your own clothing phone. call from. everybody has a part to play in this. a comprehensive common strategy is crucial in trying to prevent pandemics in the future. i want to see a one health approach to zoners it diseases. health means looking at the health of humans and the environment as a whole and. they all affect each other. we need to view it holistically we want to come up with meaningful solutions. so there are things humankind can do to prepare for possible future crises and

perhaps prevent them experts say if we carry on as usual things can only get worse . in the oceans to human behavior interferes with sea life ports off shore drilling rigs when fire . they alter the currents and disrupt marine ecosystems overfishing is another problem breeding fish and i could farm seems like a good alternative but the food used in most commercial fish farms also comes from the sea immunex does have one is to replace this conventional fish meal with one made of insect larvae. this insect could be the solution to a common problem in a fish farming or aquaculture originally from south america the black soldier fly is now at home all over the world. when mature the flies don't have a mouth or a stinger so they can't spread diseases they also reproduce very quickly if

conditions are right a female lays around a 1000 eggs. the resulting larvae can become an excellent substitute for fish meal . first the eggs have to be harvested before being left to grow on a nutritious substrate last i looked on 300 grams of eggs can yield one ton of larvae is they're extremely resource efficient use of grow very quickly they can introduce regionally so they're very economical source of protein. a lot of the protein and fishmonger is currently sourced in the sea every 30000000 tons of fish are taken from the oceans just to make animals mean it's an ecological disaster such overfishing is causing widespread devastation to marine habitats. farm insect is a start up spinoff of munich's technological university that aims to produce

regionally sourced fish feed its 3 founders have set up their pilot project on a trout farm. feed for the larvae is waste from a nearby flour mill. the young larvae are sprinkled on it and the trays are then stored in a warm and humid climate controlled unit as the larvae grow they turn everything into compost they're not picky don't eat anything. and he joins the black soldier flight because it's large they are able to process the broadest range of food on this mission particular important for our aim of creating a regional nutrient cyclist. she gave it practically anything makes in a perfect if you go. after a week the larvae are one and a half 7 metres long and ready to be harvested just 1.2 kilos of feed 100 kilo of larvae. it's inefficient and decentralized way to produce protein.

tomo skin and both canvassed and i have spent over a year on their mission to make fish water on a regional and resource efficient basis but they do have $100.00. fish have an excellent sense of smell and can be rather choosing and their kaleri tastes. good when the descendants of fish might refuse to eat the lava which would be awful after all that hard work oh no it will so far do. predatory fish like these trout need plenty of protein which is why fish beef contains up to 20 percent milk from deep sea fishing. held not to be taken hence the various institute of fisheries he would welcome the prospect of a less fish meal in the feed and not just for ecological reasons. india where the feed is the largest cost factor in modern agriculture in coolers up

to 70 percent was the piece you were so interested not only in the quality of the g.d.p. to switch but also its cost effectiveness of. these into the monster into small. vilhelm bendish is also keen to see the results of the pilot project he's an expert in animal nutrition and has been advising the black soldier fly farmers from the outset. even doing sick on fish you're here a lot about feeding live insects to fish so let's see if it actually works that's the acid test you. know here goes it's feeding time and the 1st group of larvae the served. but the fish just ignore them no response. perhaps the larvae aren't to their liking. then suddenly there's a feeding frenzy. that's something that is referred to by

a disability that is a good place that needs to. be because because i see it as a lot you don't impressed course the fish are hungry and we've given them a longer so they're getting full. but it clearly worked i don't. think. over the next few weeks hellmuth vedic and we'll be checking to see how well the fish thrive on this new feat that means measuring their weight and assessing their state of health. if. that's important information because the larvae is nutritional value changes shortly before they reach the people stage. it's crucial to harvest the love of just the right moment to make them especially appealing to the fish. if all goes well and the project is a success larvae could end up replacing fish meal and saving fish farmers up to 40

percent of their feed costs. sustainable fish food is a good stylist. but agriculture which is becoming more popular around the world also pollutes the sea. elko blooms triggered by chemicals and livestock manure on hold for for the earth's water cycle. but even everyday products we use on a regular basis poison our water. dishwasher tabs are small convenient and bad news for our water supply most brands contain benzo trials of a corrosion inhibitor added to protect silverware from rust and losing. but try as all doesn't degrade easily and accumulates in the environment suspected

of causing hormonal imbalances and reducing fertility and. fish and other aquatic life. the german environment agency has been sounding the alarm since 2. 160. we talked to various manufacturers about removing it from their products they said it was very important they retain the silver protection because consumers watch silver in the dishwasher which i don't actually because there's not that much silver country on the market these days because guns are marked modern apostate free products the silver protection doesn't work properly anyway. just as they were which comes british rule. meaning the benzo try as all is of 0 use and the nightmare for sewage some dishwasher discharge seeps into the groundwater via a leaky sewer pipes and while the rest does make it to the treatment plant but even that benzo try as all can sneak past a vase the mechanical and biological processing stages the chemical that makes its

way into rivers and streams some 20000000 people get their drinking water from the river rhine and then so try as a levels go up the further downstream you go and this is how an ineffective yet hazardous chemical makes its way from dishwasher taps into our drinking water. for pace with the amounts of benzo trials all aren't that big but as accumulation in the environment can lead to problematic threshold values that's why we want our european regulations banning those chemicals from detergents and cleaning products . there are other household products posing a threat to our water supply everything from water proofing spray and carpet fibers to outdoor clothing and teflon frying pans. per floor and aged compounds or p.f.c.

comprise around $800.00 chemicals for a carbon compounds are extremely stable as well as grease and water repellent and they're virtually non biodegradable after we wash and clean. items coated with p.f.c. s. they end up in all sewage and likewise accumulate while their levels remain within acceptable limits p.f.c. has it been found in our bloodstream as well as in mother's milk to particular compounds p.f. o. s. and p f o a have been banned in europe animal research has shown that they can cause liver damage and cancer. since the banned toxicologist marie cocco last has observed a decrease in both p.f.c. in the blood for the concentrations found still dangerously high. there are several studies showing a negative impact on vaccination and immunological responses and with children over

the age of one the body's response to influenza if the area and tetanus vaccines was reduced to. manufacturers immediately started marketing their products as p.f.c. free instead using other fluorocarbons that could be just as dangerous. this is what they do is replace substances with others we know far less about it we don't know enough about the toxicology of these short chain substances to be able to make an assessment about the health impact but from initial studies that looks like they have a fairly similar effect. in the. something else that should cause and industrial fragrances that can increasingly be found in fish they end up in the water supply don't biodegrade easily and they can be found everywhere from food to detergents and cosmetics every year gem and manufacturers alone add around $10000.00 tons of

the stuff to their products to give them a pleasant smell even glasses cleaning wipes. there are around 2000 different fragrances currently in use and only a fraction of them require labeling as hazardous. that's for some fragrances are suspected of affecting our hormones and reproductive system some affect various organs and are suspected of causing cancer and there are fragrances that are believed or proven to lead to contact allergies. to contact. and that's why we have $26.00 fragrances that have to be declared on products because they've been shown to be allergenic it doesn't mean that other fragrances are not allergenic just that there's been less research going to use it. industrial fragrances p.f.c. and ben's a triangle would it be technically possible to filter out these hard to degrade

pollutants from our waste water some sewage plants are already testing an additional treatment stage. carbon active filters for example can bind some of the chemicals. and other option currently being examined is only gas these are all costly procedures that could make waste water up to 20 percent more expensive while still treating the symptoms rather than the cause of this and get a few agree on favor of sticking to the polluter pays principle meaning these chemicals should not be in use or the cost to be borne by the polluter or the purification state would necessarily help and it would just result in costs for the public good my life in fear. unnecessary water pollution 3 redundant additives with consumers left to pick up the tab perhaps it's better to think twice about the genuine benefits. if our plan is read write are great

but only very few pages. do you have a science question you'd like us to answer. send it in as a video text ovoid smell if we featured on the show you'll get a little surprise from us as a thank you. can just ask. for more science stories check out our website d.w. dot com slash science or look for us on twitter. this week's question comes from a new flocking to me from el salvador. what causes ocean currents they flow like vast rivers within the water driven near the shore by the rise and fall of tides at high tide water flows towards the coast at low tide it flows away from its. surface currents. in the ocean are propelled by strong persistent winds.

while further down variations in temperature and salinity drive deep ocean currents . cold salty water is denser than warmer water with a low salt content so it sinks towards the bottom of the ocean. the speed of the water flow depends on the topography of the seabed. the variations in temperature and salt content also cause a phenomenon known as the global conveyor belt it's a system of currents that transports water around the world. ocean currents crucially affect climate for example the humboldt current brings cold water teeming with nutrients from the antarctic to the galapagos islands for 6 months of the year . they feed the tiny plankton on and out but form the base of the food chain providing sustenance for swarms of fish and also for the marine in quanah the only

lizard that lives and forage is in the sea. farmland meanwhile life in these months is hard there's hardly any rainfall wildlife including the galapagos giant tortoises have to embark on perilous journeys in search of food but in the other half of the year food is available in abundance that's when the wet season comes with the panama current bringing warmer waters. this current isn't nearly as rich in nutrients so much of the island's marine life heads off to colder climes aquatic animals that remain have to make do that finally climate change is taking a toll on ocean currents exactly how is the subject of intense research. that's it for this edition of tomorrow today d.w.

science show but put it back again next week until then take care and by.

the. last part that advocates for more freedom. for greater self-determination and for more rights. special portraits for international women's day. are 21. coming up w. a travel in packs.

immerse yourself in complete tranquility experience home water am busy body it feels. how it cannot. while. during a delicious romance. 30 minutes w. . and you hear me no my dear sweet girl you can hide all tears demonspawn flower whimpering i'm glad i'm out cause you never could have. surprise to so with what is possible who is medical really what moves them all summed up who talk to people who follow along the way maurice and critics alike join us for metals lock stock.

international women's day leader meeting women visible around the world there are ways to protest especially now because the time to make is exacerbating inequality musume teasing women more fighting for themselves determine life and demanding change. africa will get developed when a girl is given the rights and chances like the boys. women who fight. not just on international women. on indeed w.-o. . frankfurt. international gateway to the best connection self in road and rail. located in the heart of europe you are connected to the whole world. experienced

outstanding shopping and dining offers triallists services. biala gassed at frankfurt airport city managed by from. this is news and these are our top stories at the start of a 4 day visit to iraq pope francis has appealed for an end to sectarian violence and religious divisions his trip marks the 1st ever papal visit to iraq it's meant to rally the country's dwindling christian community many of whom have fled abroad to escape persecution so meet with political and religious the.