we've got some tips for your bucket list. corner. spot fossils. and some great cultural memorials to. the double trouble. planet earth will soon be home to a 1000000000 people and they'll all need room to live that will come at a cost to nature and with as many wild animals. how is the coronavirus pandemic related to the way we live and how might we avoid pandemics in the future. and more coming up on today's program. well up to you tomorrow today this ellen show on t

w. in january 2021 an international team from the w.h.o. went to china to investigate the origins of the sas kovi to pathogen. but their mission did not uncover anything new. the prevailing theory is still that the virus most likely jumped from animals to humans at some point but how do animals pass diseases to people. on. the sands coast to virus emerged seemingly out of the blue and up ended the whole world it was a huge shock to most people but scientists and politicians knew it was probably just a matter of time before the next pandemic emerged and really about on monday if we carry on like this we'll probably careen from one crisis to the next in the coming . decades. we can't rule out that we will encounter pathogens that are much more

very real and and will kill many more people for even the current coronavirus. as humankind grapples with this pandemic further threats looming. last june researches in china discovered a new strain of swine flu with pandemic potential the g 4 strain resembles the variants that killed almost 20000 in 2009 and 10 g. 4 can also be transmitted from animals to humans from person to person and then there's severe fever with from both side to piña syndrome or less f.t.'s discovered in china in 2009 it's carried by takes and is considered an emerging infectious disease with a high mortality rate it's also viral and there's no vaccine transcona that says an epidemiologist at germany's federal research institute for animal health dimensions

much fun for humans because some of the responsibility is because we're going to deep into the preserves of wild animals. that were before now reserved for animals on their natural habitats. but now agriculture is encroaching because more and more animal protein is needed to feed more and more people. and this means more opportunities for contact with wildlife or. the transmission of pathogens can occur directly from animal to human or via intermediate species known as vectors in epidemiology it's estimated that 60 percent of diseases in humans have a gnostic that is have jumped to us from animals including ebola sars mers and 2 that causes 19. viruses invade cells in their hosts whether animals or humans and then replicate producing lots more virus particles.

the cells often die as a result the virus spreads in the host body and hosts can infect others many viruses don't actually make you sick others of course do cases can range from mild to severe and even fatal as with covert 19 viruses also mutate and adapt all the time and at high speed. a study from 2012 found that just 130 in arctic diseases kill 2200000 people a year and that has to do with human actions the way we live. as humans invade animal habitat such as virgin forests they wreak havoc clearing the land to make way for fields and settlements. one study estimates this raises the risk of 0 in arctic diseases by more than 70 percent that's because such interventions tend to displace species that can carry pathogens dangerous to humans

past the rain birds rodents and baths. as their traditional habitats are destroyed many animals shop where people live and if they are indeed carrying pathogens they can pass them on to humans as we've seen with the novel coronavirus bats a believed to have been a victim of the disease but with at least one other species as it to me jerry. where markets where wild animals are kept slaughtered sold and eaten a considered a key site of transmission of pathogens to humans the conditions are often under hygiene eg many zoë in arctic diseases have emerged in asia. for strains of influenza viruses emerge the. g 4 is one example of the regional bird flu virus h 5 n one is another it's always got sars cover to it and before it was. earlier sars

virus. but so a lot of pathogens also emerge in other regions. it's often areas where many people live close together. at germany's federal research institute for animal health the free trade to cheat scientists is studying the transmission paths observing arctic diseases as well as such diseases themselves including ebola and covert 19 global travel plays a major role in spreading pathogens masta the current pandemic holidaymakers became super spreaders last march after they got infected at the austrian ski resort of. consumer society has created conditions that ease the transmission of so why not take diseases. can reach just about any place on earth without a means of transport within the incubation period of certain pathogens. that means we can get there without noticing anything we're not sick we're already infected

and can carry disease vast distances and spread them from continent to continent. continent to what can be done to curtail the geographical spreading of disease yelling emboldened hi my research is sustained ability at the phone who for institute for systems and innovation research a list of. everything nowadays is focused on maximizing efficiency and profit that's not sustainable in our systems are not at all resilient a disruption in one area can cause the entire system to fail to prevent a pandemic as a major undertaking of so many factors are involved warranted i find we make less likely if we use fewer resources and curtail the destruction of ecosystems. she recommends working at home and video calls rather than business trips and commuting and if one has to travel using public transport ride sharing. cycling rather than

driving alone in one's own calm and electric power is better than combustion engines a means to conserve resources and slow climate change that plays a role in the spread of diseases. came up under common i mean change can have an influence especially on vector borne diseases diseases transmitted by insects or takes the cold blooded in 1st subject to environmental conditions interleaving of the climate gets warmer they can move to new regions and spread any pathogens they are carrying there as well. as sustainable relationship with the environment would involve changing our consumption habits trying to source food and clothing locally boden i'm a says we should conserve resources. consuming less doesn't mean they simply making do with less it also means finding creative approaches to consumption. for

example sharing lending repairing things you find 2nd hand. in many areas there are viable alternatives to buying everything new children's clothing bicycles your own clothing phone. call from. everybody has a part to play in this. says a comprehensive common strategy is crucial in trying to prevent pandemics in the future. i want to see a one health approach to zonal 6 diseases. and one health means looking at the health of humans and animals and the environment as a whole and. they all affect each other. and we need to view it holistically if we want to come up with meaningful solutions. so there are things humankind can do to prepare for possible future crises. perhaps

prevent them experts say if we carry on as usual things can only get worse. in the oceans to human behavior interferes with sea life course offshore drilling rigs wind farms they alter the currents and disrupt marine ecosystems overfishing is another problem breeding fish and i could farm seems like a good alternative but the food used in most commercial fish farms also comes from the sea i mean externship once to replace this conventional fish meal with one made of insect larvae. this insect could be the solution to a common problem and fish farming or aquaculture originally from south america the black soldier fly is now at home all over the world. when mature the flies don't have a mouth or

a stinger so they can't spread diseases they also reproduce very quickly if conditions are right a female lays around a 1000 eggs. the resulting larvae could become an excellent substitute for fish meal. first the eggs have to be harvested before being left to grow on a nutritious substrate last i looked on 300 grams of eggs can yield one ton of larvae is their extremely resource efficient use of grow very quickly they can produce regionally so they're very economical source of protein. a lot of the protein and fishmonger is currently sourced in the sea every year and $30000000.00 tons of fish are taken from the oceans just to make animal meat it's an ecological disaster such overfishing is causing widespread devastation to marine habitats. farm insect is a start up spinoff of munich's technological university that aims to produce

regionally sourced fish feed its 3 founders have set up their pilot project on a trout farm. feed for the larvae is waste from a nearby flour mill. the young larvae are sprinkled on it and the trays are then stored in a warm and humid climate controlled unit as the larvae grow they turn everything into compost they're now picking don't eat anything. and he joins the black soldier fly by his larvae are able to process the broadest range of food on this particular important for our aim of creating a regional nutrient cycles. able to eat practically anything makes it perfect is a go if it guy. after a week the larvae are one and a half 7 metres long and ready to be harvested just 1.2 kilos of feed 100 kilo of larvae. it's an efficient and decentralized way to produce protein.

thomas kuhn and both gone best m i have spent over a year on their mission to make fish water on a regional and resource efficient basis but they do have one concern. fish have an excellent sense of smell and can be rather choosing and their kaleri tastes. it's going to do some of the fish might refuse to eat the larvae which would be awful after all that hard work you know it will look forward to. predatory fish like these trout need plenty of protein which is why fish beef attains up to 20 percent meal from deep sea fishing. held what data can hence the various institute of fisheries he would welcome the prospect of a less fish meal in the feed and not just for ecological reasons. india where the feed is the largest cost factor in modern agriculture up to 70

percent was the use you were so interested not only in the quality of the d.d.p. to switch but also its cost effectiveness of the music as a monster and to some. vilhelm bendish is also keen to see the results of the pilot project he's an expert in animal nutrition and has been advising the black soldier fly farmers from the outset. didn't do in sick and fish if you're here a lot about feeding live insects to fish is almost see if it actually works that's the acid test. here goes it's feeding time and the 1st group of larvae has served. but the fish just ignore them no response. perhaps the larvae aren't to their liking. then suddenly there's a feeding frenzy. and there's

a move by a visitor to this is a good place to be. if you've got speak i said as a next year i'm impressed course the fish are hungry and we've given them a lot so they're getting full of lungs. but it clearly worked i don't. think. over the next few weeks hellmuth vidic and will be checking to see how well the fish thrive on this new feat that means measuring their weight and assessing their state of health. if. that's important information because the larvae is nutritional value changes shortly before they reach the pupil stage. it's crucial to harvest the love of just the right moment just to make them especially appealing to the fish. if all goes well and the project is a success larvae could end up replacing fish meal and saving fish farmers up to 40

percent of their feed costs. sustainable fish food is a good stylist. but agriculture which is becoming more popular around the world also pollutes the sea. algal blooms triggered by chemicals and livestock manure on hold for for the earth's water cycle. but even everyday products we use on a regular basis poison our water. dishwasher tabs are small convenient and bad news for our water supply most brands contain benzo trials old corrosion inhibitor added to protect silverware from rust and losing. but try as all doesn't degrade easily and accumulates in the

environment is suspected of causing hormonal imbalances 100 using fertility and. fish and other aquatic life. the german environment agency has been sounding the alarm since 26. you haven't been here for that we talked to various manufacturers about removing it from their products they said it was very important they retain the silver protection because consumers watch silver in the dishwasher which i don't actually because there's not that much silver country on the market these days because going to market modern you're phosphate free products the silver protection doesn't work properly anyway. just observe what's going to british rule . meaning the benzo try as all is of 0 use and the nightmare for sewage some dishwasher discharge seeps into the groundwater via leaky sewer pipes while the rest does make it to the treatment plant but even that bends a try as all can sneak past a base of the mechanical and biological processing stages the chemical that makes

its way into rivers and streams some 20000000 people get their drinking water from the river rhine and spencer triazolam levels go up the further downstream you go. and this is how an ineffective yet hazardous chemical makes its way from dishwasher taps into our drinking water. but that's what the amounts of benzo try is all aren't that big but it's accumulation in the environment can lead to problematic threshold values that's why we want pan-european regulations banning those chemicals from detergents and cleaning products. and there are other household products posing a threat to our water supply everything from water proofing spray and carpet fibers to outdoor clothing and teflon frying pans. per floor night it compounds all p.f.c.

comprise around $800.00 chemicals for carbon compounds are extremely stable as well as grease and water repellent and they're virtually non biodegradable after we wash and clean items. is coated with p f c's they end up in all sewage and likewise accumulate while their levels remain within acceptable limits p f c's of being found in our bloodstream as well as in mother's milk to particular compounds p.f. o. s. and p. a fairway have been banned in europe animal research has shown that they can cause liver damage and cancer. since the ban toxicologist marie cocco last has observed a decrease in both p.f.c. in the blood but the concentrations found still dangerously high could militia there are several studies showing a negative impact on vaccination and immunological responses and with children over

the age of one the body's response to influenza if the area and tetanus vaccines was reduced to. manufacturers immediately started marketing their products as p.f.c. free instead using other fluorocarbons that could be just as dangerous. this is what they do is replacing substances with others we know far less about it we don't know enough about the toxicology of these short chain substances to be able to make an assessment about the health impact but from initial studies it looks like they have a fairly similar effect. in the throat. something else that should cause alarm industrial fragrances that can increasingly be found in fish they end up in the water supply don't biodegrade easily and they can be found everywhere from food to detergents and cosmetics every year gem and manufacturers alone add around $10000.00 tons of

the stuff to their products to give them a pleasant smell even glasses cleaning wipes. there are around 2000 different fragrances currently in use and i hear fraction of them require labeling as hazardous. that's for some fragrances are suspected of affecting our hormones and reproductive system some affect various organs and are suspected of causing cancer and there are fragrances that are believed or proven to lead to contact allergies. to contact. and that's why we have $26.00 fragrances that have to be declared on products because they've been shown to be allergenic it doesn't mean that other fragrances are not allergenic just that there's been less research going to use it goes into. industrial fragrances p.f.c. and benza try as old would it be technically possible to filter out these hard to

degrade pollutants from all waste water some sewage plants are already testing an additional treatment stage. carbon active filters for example combine some of the chemicals. another option currently being examined is. gas these are all costly procedures that could make waste water up to 20 percent more expensive while still treating the symptoms rather than the cause of this and get a few agree on favor of sticking to the polluter pays principle meaning these chemicals should not be in use or the cost should be borne by the polluter. purification stage wouldn't necessarily help and it would just result in costs for the public good my life in fear. unnecessary water pollution 3 redundant additives with consumers left to pick up the tab perhaps it's better to think twice about the genuine benefits. if outlook is read right

but only thing you need to. do you have a science question you'd like us to answer. senate in as a video text own voice mail if we featured on the show you look at a little surprise from us as a thank you. can just ask. for more science stories check out our website d.w. dot com slash science or look for us on twitter. this week's question comes from a new fucking tonia from el salvador. what causes ocean currents they flow like vast rivers with no water driven near the shore by the rise and fall of tides at high tide water flows towards the coast at low tide it flows away from it . surface currents of the ocean are propelled by strong persistent winds.

while further down variations in temperature and salinity drive deep ocean currents . cold salty water is denser than warmer water with a low salt content so it sinks towards the bottom of the ocean. the speed of the water flow depends on the topography. of the seabed. the variations in temperature and salt content also cause a phenomenon known as the global conveyor belt it's a system of currents that transports water around the world. ocean currents crucially affect climate for example the humboldt current brings cold water teeming with nutrients from the antarctic to the collapse because islands for 6 months of the year. they feed the tiny plankton and alkie that form the base of the food chain providing sustenance for swarms of fish and also for the marine in quanah the

only lizard that lives and forage is in the sea. on land meanwhile life in these months is hard there's hardly any rainfall wildlife including the galapagos giant tortoises have to embark on perilous journeys in search of food but in the other half of the year food is available in abundance that's when the wet season comes with the panama current bringing warmer waters. this current isn't nearly as rich in nutrients so much of the island's marine life heads off to colder climes aquatic animals that remain have to make do that finally climate change is taking a toll on ocean currents exactly how is the subject of intense research. that's it for this edition of tomorrow today d.w.

science show but put it back again next week until then take care and by.

once reviewing the weapon now it gets guys to beg. the guy malt i think god no longer. bound by an ancient owes me rome the countryside. by other. bandits by the government but still proud of their history. that nomads. get 15 minutes on teetotal.

different. islands of. here women are in charge. of the archipelago has had a patriarchal system for centuries. the rare form of society. women move differently than men. what do they do with their power. and how sustainable is this culture. to the clintons of the rango starts march 8th on t.w. . they were forced into a nameless mass of. their bodies and they are tools of. the

history of the slave trade isn't africa's history. it describes how the greed for power and profit plummeted and entire continent into chaos and violence the slave system created the greatest player and accumulation of wealth a world had ever seen up to that moment in time. from its very beginnings until this very day human trafficking has shaped the business is the journey back into the history of slavery i think will truly be making progress when we all accept the history of slavery as all of our history. our documentary series slavery routes starts march 10th on t w. cut

. plague. the studio we news life for lent pope francis delivers a message of unity on the 2nd day of his historic visit to iraq he met with the country's top shiite cleric grand ayatollah ali al sistani and toasted an interface meeting where you condemned religious extremism the pontiff hopes to encourage iraq's muslim and christian communities to work together.