discovered. subscribe to the documentary to. planet earth will soon be home to 8000000000 people and they all need room to live that will come at a cost to nature and with as many wild animals. how is the coronavirus pandemic related to the way we live and how might we avoid pandemics in the future. and more coming up on today's program. well come to you tomorrow today the science show on g.w.

. in january 2021 an international team from the w.h.o. went to china to investigate the origins of the sauce kovi to pathogen. but their mission did not uncover anything new. the prevailing theory is still that the virus most likely jumped from animals to humans at some point but how do animals pass diseases to people. over. the songs coast to virus emerged seemingly out of the blue and up ended the whole world it was a huge shock to most people but scientists and politicians knew it was probably just a matter of time before the next pandemic emerged the news about how mamby if we carry on like this we'll probably careen from one crisis to the next in the coming decades. we can't rule out that we will encounter pathogens that are much more

very learned and will kill many more people for even the current coronavirus. as humankind grapples with this pandemic further threats looming. last june researches in china have discovered a new strain of swine flu with pandemic potential the g. 4 strain resembles the variants that killed almost 20000 in 2009 and 10 g. 4 can also be transmitted from animals to humans from person to person and then there's severe fever with from both side to piña syndrome or less f.t.'s discovered in china in 2009 it's carried by ticks and is considered an emerging infectious disease with a high mortality rate it's also viral and there's no vaccine. is an epidemiologist at germany's federal research institute for animal health there mentions much fun

for humans because some of the responsibility because we're going to deep into the preserves of wild animals. that were before now reserved for animals on their natural habitats tradition. but now agriculture is encroaching because more and more animal protein is needed to treat more and more people. and this means more opportunities for contact with wildlife or. the transmission of pathogens can occur directly from animal to human or via intermediate species known as vectors in epidemiology it's estimated that 60 percent of diseases in humans are not sick that is have jumped to us from animals including ebola. 2 that causes kovac 19. viruses invade cells in their hosts whether animals or humans and then replicate producing lots more virus particles. the cells often

die as a result the virus spreads in the hosts body and hosts can infect others many viruses don't actually make you sick others of course do cases can range from mild to severe and even faithful as with covert 19 viruses also mutate and adapt all the time and at high speed. a study from 2012 found that just 13 zone or not it diseases kill 2200000 people a year and that has to do with human actions the way we live. as humans invade animal habitat such as virgin forests they wreak havoc clearing the lands to make way for fields and settlements. one study estimates this raises the risk of 0 in arctic diseases by more than 70 percent that's because such interventions tend to displace species that can carry pathogens dangerous to humans

past the rain birds rodents and bats. as their traditional habitats are destroyed many animals show up where people live and if they are indeed carrying pathogens they can pass them on to humans as we've seen with the novel coronavirus bats a believed to have been a victim of the disease but with at least one other species as it to me jerry. where markets where wild animals are kept slaughtered sold and eaten are considered a key site of transmission of pathogens to humans the conditions are often on hygiene eg many zoë in arctic diseases have emerged in asia. for strains of influenza viruses emerged. as one example of the original bird flu virus h 5 n one is another. example we've got sars cough too and before it was the earlier some. virus. but so are not that pathogens also emerge in other regions.

and. it's often areas where many people live close together. at germany's federal research institute for animal health the free trade institute scientists are studying the transmission paths of the zone arctic diseases as well as such diseases themselves including ebola and covert 19 global travel plays a major role in spreading pathogens to the current pandemic holidaymakers became super spreaders last march after they got infected at the austrian ski resort of. consumer society has created conditions that ease the transmission of 7 arctic diseases. i can reach just about any place on earth without a means of transport within the incubation period of certain pathogens. that means we can get there without noticing anything we're not sick we're already infected

and can carry disease vast distances and spread them from continent to continent. what can be done to curtail the geographical spreading of disease really embolden hi my research is sustainability at the phone who for institute for systems and innovation research a list of. everything nowadays is focused on maximizing efficiency and profit that's not sustainable in our systems are not at all resilient a disruption in one area can cause the entire system to fail to prevent a pandemic as a major undertaking of so many factors are involved or good of life that we make less likely if we use fewer resources and curtail the destruction of ecosystems. she recommends working at home and video calls rather than business trips and commuting and if one has to travel using public transport ride sharing site.

playing rather than driving alone in one's own calm and electric power is better than combustion engines aim is to conserve resources and slow climate change that plays a role in the spread of diseases. came up under common i mean change can have an influence especially on vector borne diseases diseases transmitted by insects or takes the cold blooded of the subject to environmental conditions. if the climate gets warmer they can move to new regions and spread any pathogens they're carrying there as well. a sustainable relationship with the environment would involve changing our consumption habits trying to source food and clothing locally boden i'm a says we should conserve resources. consuming less doesn't mean they simply making do with less it also means finding creative approaches to consumption. for

example sharing lending repairing things you find 2nd hand. in many areas there are viable alternatives to buying everything new children's clothing bicycles your own clothing phone. call for. everybody has a part to play in this. says a comprehensive common strategy is crucial in trying to prevent pandemics in the future. i want to see a one health approach to zone out 6 diseases. and one elf means looking at the health of humans and animals and the environment as a whole. they all affect each other. as artists but we need to view it holistically if we want to come up with meaningful solutions. so there are things humankind can do to prepare for possible future crises. prevent

them experts say if we carry on as usual things can only get worse. in the oceans to human behavior interferes with sea life ports off shore drilling rigs wind farms they alter the currents and disrupt marine ecosystems overfishing is another problem breeding fish and i could farm seems like a good alternative but the food used in most commercial fish farms also comes from the sea i mean external step one is to replace this conventional fish meal with one made of insect larvae. this insect could be the solution to a common problem in fish farming or aquaculture originally from south america the black soldier fly is now at home all over the world. when mature the flies don't have a mouth or a stinger so they can't spread diseases they also reproduce very quickly if

conditions are right a female lays around a 1000 eggs. the resulting larvae can become an excellent substitute for fish meal . first the eggs have to be harvested before being left to grow on a nutritious substrate last i looked on 300 grams of eggs can yield one ton of larvae is there are extremely resource efficient use of grow very quickly and they can be produced regionally so they're very economical source of protein. a lot of the protein and fish water is currently sourced in the sea every year and $30000000.00 tons of fish are taken from the oceans just to make animal meat it's an ecological disaster such overfishing is causing widespread devastation to marine habitats. farm insect is a start up spinoff of munich's technological university that aims to produce

regionally sourced fish feed its 3 founders have set up their pilot project on a trout farm. feed for the larvae is waste from a nearby flour mill. the young larvae are sprinkled on it and the trays are then stored in a warm and humid climate controlled unit 'd as the larvae grow they turn everything into compost they're not picky don't eat anything. and he joins the black soldier fly his larvae are able to process the broadest range of food on this mission particular important for our aim of creating a regional nutrient cycles. able to eat practically anything makes an imperfect is a go if it guy. after a week the larvae are one and a half 7 metres long and ready to be harvested just $1.00 kilos of feed one whole kilo of larvae. it's inefficient and decentralized way to produce protein.

tomo skewing and both gone vesta maya have spent over a year on their mission to make fish water on a regional and resource efficient basis but they do have $100.00. fish have an excellent sense of smell and can be rather choosing and their kaleri tastes. is one of the scent of the fish mind refused to eat the lobby which would be awful after all that hard work oh no it will afford to. predatory fish like these trout need plenty of protein which is why fish beef contains up to 20 percent meal from deep sea fishing. kill more to be taken hence the various institute of fisheries he would welcome the prospect of a less fish meal on the feed and not just for ecological reasons. you should or must india were to feed is the largest cost factor in modern agriculture in coolers up to 70 percent was the use you were so interested not only

in the quality of the d.d.p. to switch but also its cost effectiveness of these into the monster into some. vilhelm bendish is also keen to see the results of the pilot project he's an expert in animal nutrition and has been advising the black soldier fly farmers from the outset. we can do the same on fish you're here a lot about feeding live insects to fish so let's see if it actually works that's the acid test body probe it dr here goes it's speeding time and the 1st scoop of larvae gets served. but the fish just ignore them no response. perhaps the larvae aren't to their liking. then suddenly there's a feeding frenzy. that if you're

a boy there's a certain way that they said over you basically. if you got speak i said as if not you don't impressed course the fish are hungry and we've given them a longer so they're getting full. but it clearly worked i don't. think. over the next few weeks hellmuth vidic and will be checking to see how well the fish thrive on this new feat that means measuring their weight and assessing their state of health. and that's important information because the larvae nutritional value changes shortly before they reach the pupil stage. it's crucial to harvest the love of just the right moment to make them especially appealing to the fish. if all goes well and the project is a success larvae could end up replacing fish meal and saving fish farmers up to 40

percent of their feed costs. sustainable fish food is a good stylist. but agriculture which is becoming more popular around the world also pollutes the sea. algal blooms triggered by chemicals and livestock manure are harmful for the earth's water cycle. but even everyday products we use on a regular basis poison our water. dishwasher taps a small convenient and bad news for all water supply most brands contain benzo trials all corrosion inhibitor added to protect silverware from rust ready and getting. but try as all doesn't degrade easily and accumulates in the environment it

suspected of causing hormonal imbalances 100 using fertility and. fish and other aquatic life. the german environment agency has been sounding the alarm since 2. 960. we talked to various manufacturers about removing it from their products they said it was very important they retained the silver protection because consumers washed silver in the dishwasher which i doubt actually because there's not that much silver kultury on the market these days because going to market modern phosphate free products the silver protection doesn't work properly anyway. and just observe what's going to british rule. meaning the benzo try as all is of use and the nightmare for sewage some dishwasher discharge seeps into the groundwater via leaky sewer pipes and all the rest does make it to the treatment plant but even that bends are trying as ole can sneak past a base of the mechanical and biological processing stages the chemical that makes

its way into rivers and streams some 20000000 people get their drinking water from the river rhine and spencer triazolam levels go up the further downstream you go. and this is how an ineffective yet hazardous chemical makes its way from dishwasher taps into our drinking water. but basically it's was the amounts of benzo trials all aren't that big but it's accumulation in the environment can lead to problematic threshold values that's why we want our european regulations banning those chemicals from detergents and cleaning products. and there are other household products posing a threat to our water supply everything from water proofing spray and carpet fibers to outdoor closing and teflon frying pans. per floor in $88.00 compounds or p.f.c.

comprise around $800.00 chemicals for carbon compounds are extremely stable as well as grease and water repellent and they're virtually non biodegradable after we wash and clean. items coated with p.f.c. s. they end up in all sewage and likewise accumulate while their levels remain within acceptable limits p.f.c. has it been found in our blood stream as well as in mother's milk to particular compounds p.f. o. s. and p f o a have been banned in europe animal research has shown that they can cause liver damage and cancer. since the ban toxicologist marie cocco last has observed a decrease in both p.f.c. in the blood but the concentrations found still dangerously high could merely wished there are several studies showing a negative impact on vaccination and immunological responses and with children over the age of one the body's response to influenza if the area and tetanus vaccines

was reduced to. see if. manufacturers immediately started marketing their products as p.f.c. free instead using other fora carbons that could be just as dangerous. as the idea of such what they do is replace substances with others we know far less about it we don't know enough about the toxicology of these short chain substances to be able to make an assessment about the health impact but from initial studies it looks like they have a fairly similar effect of. something else that should cause alarm industrial fragrances that can increasingly be found in fish they end up in the water supply don't biodegrade easily and they can be found everywhere from food to detergents and cosmetics every year gem and manufacturers alone add around $10000.00 tonnes of the stuff to their products to give them

a pleasant smell even glasses cleaning wipes. there are around 2000 different fragrances currently in use and. a fraction of the required labeling as hazardous. for some fragrances are suspected of affecting our hormones and reproductive system some affect various organs and are suspected of causing cancer and there are fragrances that are believed or proven to lead to contact allergies. to. that's why we have $26.00 fragrances that have to be declared on products because they've been shown to be allergenic it doesn't mean that other fragrances are not allergenic just that there's been less research and so on and he's an. industrial fragrances p.f.c. and ben's a try as all would it be technically possible to filter out these hard to degrade

pollutants from our waste water some sewage plants are already testing an additional treatment stage. carbon active filters for example combine some of the chemicals. and the other option currently being examined is gas these are all costly procedures that could make waste water up to 20 percent more expensive while still treating the symptoms rather than the cause that they said because of who we are in favor of sticking to the loser pays principle meaning these chemicals should not be in use or the cost should be borne by the polluter was over the top for purification stage wouldn't necessarily help and it would just result in costs for the public good my life in fear. unnecessary water pollution 3 redundant additives with consumers left to pick up the tab perhaps it's better to think twice about the genuine benefits. if output is right why

aren't the only things you pay to. do you have a science question you'd like us to answer. send it in as a video text own voice mail if we. each it on the show you get a little surprise from us as a thank you. can on just ask. for more science stories check out our website d.w. dot com slash science or look for us on twitter. this week's question comes from a new fucking tonia from el salvador. what causes ocean currents they flow like vast rivers with no water driven near the shore by the rise and fall of tides at high tide water flows towards the coast at low tide it flows away from its . surface currents in the ocean are propelled by strong persistent winds.

while further down variations in temperature and salinity drive deep ocean currents . cold salty water is denser than warmer water with a low salt content so it sinks towards the bottom of the ocean. the speed of the water flow depends on the topography of the seabed. the variations in temperature and salt content also cause a phenomenon known as the global conveyor belt it's a system of currents that transports water around the world. ocean currents crucially affect climate for example the humboldt current brings cold water teeming with nutrients from the antarctic to the collapse because islands for 6 months of the year. they feed the tiny plankton and alvey that form the base of the food chain providing sustenance for swarms of fish and also for the marine equine are the only lizard that lives and forage is in the sea. on land to me

while life in these months is hard there's hardly any rainfall wildlife including the galapagos giant tortoises have to embark on perilous journeys in search of food but in the other half of the year food is available in abundance that's when the wet season comes with the panama current bringing warmer waters. this current isn't nearly as rich in nutrients so much of the island's marine life heads off to colder climes aquatic animals that remain have to make do that finally climate change is taking a toll on ocean currents exactly how is the subject of intense research. that's it for this edition of tamara today d.w. science show but we do that again next week until then take care and by.

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this is due to be good news live from berlin many people lafayette did off the huge explosions in equitorial guinea the blast told through military bands and flooded neighborhoods in the country's largest city people are digging to free victims from the rubble at least a dozen were killed and hundreds more were injured also coming up the sounds.