this is your news a live from berlin britain's royal family breaks at silence on accusations of racism buckingham palace says the queen is saddened by the challenges faced by prince harry and his wife meghan and that their claims of racism will be addressed in private and also coming up on the show defiance in the face of myanmar's a deadly crackdown footage of this extraordinary moment goes viral a catholic nun thanks police to shoot her and spare peaceful protesters. and how she lay combined flexibility and foresight to create one of the most

successful covert vaccination programs in the world so far. so i'm claire richardson welcome to the show the british royal family has responded to the bombshell interview given by prince harry and his wife making a markle and a statement to the queen said she takes their allegations of racism seriously millions of people have now watched the couple explained their reasons for stepping back from their royal duties last year they say they were left with little choice because of the behavior of the british media and the royal family. in buckingham palace broke it silence on the tell all interview a statement issued on behalf of the queen reads the whole family is saddened to learn the full extent of her challenging the last few years have been for her in

macon the issues raised particularly that of race are concerning while some recollections may very very taken very seriously and will be addressed by the family privately. the accusations that make and marco experienced racism after she joined the royal family have set off a heated debate in britain. it's a disgrace to be. militia the cittie differently because of the color of their skin aren't being. cheered such or on it if they are and. can truthfully know how true friends are for anyone on the set apart by. pop and i often write each with bullied. it was someone different in the royal family being makes race heritage myself. and all along. of our community black and indifferent so i'm not actually surprised about

the interview on how the the truth was told and i think it was a long time coming allegations of racism towards macon are not new prince harry said in the interview that racist coverage from the tabloid press was a large part of why he in macon left the u.k. and moved to the us. the interview has ensured the couple are back on all the front pages but they say they wanted to share their side of the story. earlier i spoke to did up in charlotte charles and phil in london and i asked her whether all of this is going to do serious damage to support for the monarchy among the british public. yeah well you have to bear in mind that public opinion in the u.k. is split about the royal family and that is very clear from the polling that you've seen that's come out since that interview add in fact the majority of the general

public feel more sympathetic with the royal family than they do for obama than they do for meg and harry which is it extremely interesting given the nature of that interview i think there are some people who really found it left a fan taste in their mouths not only the way that the megan and harry the sussex is left the world family but the nature of this interview the way it was conducted the fact that it was done while grandfather was in hospital for example is something that a lot of people have talked about what is interesting though is that young people seem to have more sympathy in the u.k. for macon harry than older people this is that 1st taste of a drama family drama old this nature i mean a lot of the older generation myself i would include in this remember what happened with princess diana with with harry's mother and the scandal that then on sold it in the way that the world family had to really look at the way that it managed conducts itself remains to be seen now whether the reverberations like that will be

felt for years to come off of this and and awakening for the younger generation charlotte tells them fill in a london thank you very much for that update. well the united states has stepped up its condemnation of the situation in man maher saying it's quote repulsed by the ongoing use of lethal force against protesters 2 officials from the overthrown and l d party have died in police custody since monday there are also been new raids targeting independent journalists but each day the protesters to show the sacrifices they are prepared to make for a return to democracy. a moment of peaceful defiance sister and rosa new tongue knelt in front of riot police in her hometown in myanmar's north saying she was prepared to die to save protesters. but minutes later protests turned violent as police attempted to disperse crowds protesting has become increasingly dangerous

as police and soldiers have used tear gas rubber bullets and live rounds on crowds . last night in yangon residents to fight an 8 pm curfew taking to the streets to show solidarity with hundreds of protesters trapped by authorities police fired stun grenades at the gathering supporters finally the trapped protesters were allowed to lave. when the sun rose protesters marched once again in mandalay they carried makeshift shields but stayed for only a few minutes a change in tactics to avoid another violent reaction from the other she's. more of the way they are but at night we couldn't sleep actually we don't want to go out but we're going out anyway. so we've been going out for 22 days and we haven't arrested yet we're going out every day we keep fighting for the fallen heroes

we will fight until we win. the military also attempted to suppress the spread of information revoking licenses for media outlets and detaining journalists from that there were military. targets year progresses to out but we managed to report back on satellite and on social media. about that we already got 2 journalists arrested at you know one in may 1 in just now you know that. has got arrested again most recently. protesters say they will continue to gather across the country daily acts of defiance in the face of mounting risks to their lives and freedom and for more i am joined now by an activist in myanmar 2nd biggest city mandalay we will refer to just as david for security reasons so dave that since the coup over a month ago security forces have become increasingly violent in their response to

demonstrations is that affecting the way that you and others are protesting. i cannot say but it doesn't affect us but it affects us in a way not to back off but to change tactics and switch how we express ourselves right now we are exercising you know avoid and recount their tactic work which is basically when the come to practice we would. disperse a little bit and reconsider at a different place at the city and especially in mendeley we have a lot of bikes so we can do that quite easily and it's been 2 days that there hasn't been any you know major crackdown happened. so it's quite obvious that our tech to so far is working because we mobilize our protest pretty

quickly and we have our own people looking out for their police vehicles which we girls are heading all if we and we communicate with each other to disperse quite quickly now aside from the protesting what other kinds of resistance are you putting up as activists against the military junta. i think the protesting is basically or mainly made to raise awareness on international platform but the main thing that the military or states are sponsored terrorists are afraid of is their civil disobedience movement which is which can potentially shut down the whole mechanism off the government so that's one way which is we are urging the government stop going to work we are arranging different places for them to stay we are raising funds to support their

living and so far we can you know confidently say that it is working and that's why we see their frustrations on protestors and the other ways that we can we are doing now to repel the military government is how we stop paying taxes and many shops and restaurants also agree not to pay taxes and we also are you know gathering information as we are we are collecting photographic evidence to send them to international platforms and we also have various teams who . you know strategically tackle social media channels of the military government so those are the a few things that we have been working on david an activist in mandalay thank you so much for coming on the show. let's get you up to speed now on some other stories

making headlines at this hour greece's prime minister has condemned the protesters who attacked a police station with petrol bombs in the capital athens the violence erupted after thousands of people turned out to demonstrate against a video of a police officer beating a man over the weekend authorities are investigating the use of force in the video . sudan has started rolling out vaccinations against covert 19 health staff in the capital khartoum received the 1st shots today and received its 1st batch of the astra zeneca vaccine last week through the world health organizations a vaccine sharing program kovacs. but she lay was hit badly by the pandemic last year with infection rates counting among the highest in the world and the president's popularity plummeting fast forward to 2021 and now she is bearing the fruits of a well planned vaccination strategy that's down to the government's efforts to

secure doses long before any vaccine is approved shots are also easy to access with many different public spaces being used for the roll out. a quick. temperature check and a hand disinfection then into the vaccination center in this school and some tiago know in person classes are taking place so 50 to 60 year olds are getting their 1st vaccinations i was here a few of the sixty's also wander in the last ones receiving their followup doses good to see soon the whole process is working really well. gillian efficiency could be the reason we have x. 1000 people foster than in other countries. and if you. kill a house of vaccinated a great percentage of its population then most of the countries in the world the government made vaccine deals with a number of different. drug firms early last year here the beyond tech pfizer

vaccine developed in germany and china a sign of that fact seen are available the under the government didn't just buy enough vaccine doses early on but it also involved the health sector early to even before the vaccines arrived we have received detailed inoculation plans and information i'm going to assume that if you it's not just schools that are serving as vaccination centers but parks too there's very little red tape and that's another reason for the vaccination success more than one in 5 have received at least their 1st. 2028 was the year of fear 2021 will be the year of. when the pandemic began the government's response was chaotic strict lockdowns came too late and when they did many people were forced to rely on food donations from charities. coronavirus cases sold among poor children.

and in some neighborhoods residents protested against quarantine orders now chile's vaccination campaign is going so well it has given away tens of thousands of doses to poor of neighboring countries. that we are among the world leaders in terms of vaccinations at least that some good news after all the bad were that there were no group worker program we were the 80 percent of the population and should be vaccinated by june. and before we go and an authorized art exhibition is opening and you know featuring works of the most an authorized artist of all banksy more than a 100 reproductions of the street artists works and some originals are on display in munich a base curator gathered what he calls the most extensive collection of the artist's works in one place they cleared some of banksy the most recognizable creations such

as girl with but then. that's all for me for now terry martin will be back with you with more news headlines in just 45 minutes time until then as always more of our website at the dot com and kyra should send him by lynn for me in the whole team extracting. more than half the world will be living with limited water resources we haven't had to think about our war i think that your is over it's a financial product like any other financial the world is changing the most important commodity today is called the free trade. or necessity or commodity starts march 22nd on d w. 'd

this is the story of a world whose borders and territories were drawn by the slave trade where violence subjugation and profit imposed their own roots slavery did not begin in the cotton fields of the u.s. it is a far more ancient tragedy that has been going on since the dawn of humanity from the 8th century onwards for over 1000 years africa was the epicenter of a global form of human trafficking. my parents were abused by those with a threat complection. songhai for lani. bantu iqbal. over 20000000 africans were deported traded and reduced to slavery this criminal system shaped our history and our world so expansive was its reach that for a long time it seemed impossible to fully explain its mechanisms. in this series we

will journey back along the roots of the slave trade. the thing about the slave trade a key thing about the slave trade and i always would have to explain a store merican students who immediately would want to put it into a kind of an ethical human rights card of a contract you have to look at in economic terms and so if you have if you're talking about a slave trade if so where is the demand where is there a demand for labor and what is the nature of that demand for money for. 2000 years ago slavery became an integral feature of the roman empire eventually in 476 rome collapsed under the pressure of invasions by so-called barbarians.

scattered territories a range of peoples and powers fought over the empires remains this a gough's and ostrogoths in the west slavs in the north east berbers in the south the byzantine empire the kingdom of new bia and arab tribes in the east just like rome before them these societies also practiced slavery. in every society we see slavery and it doesn't matter where they come from but come from everywhere from the steps. to to russia to a ball of eastern europe all through the slavic countries which is where of course the word for soya them and most of the european languages comes from a comes from the words of. those were people that. concept from 0 were rediscovered this for a long time most of slaves were white the majority of slaves being black is

a relatively recent phenomenon in history. so how did a widespread practice evolve into an enormous trade which progressively focused its sights on the african continent. one of the starting points of this story is cairo on the river nile a 23000000 strong megalopolis born from the network of trade routes between the middle east and africa. today it's the continent's most important crossroads for people and goods. south of the modern city are the ruins of tot the 1st arab city in egypt. these remains are a neglected site and yet this is where the destinies of africa the middle east and the mediterranean converged some 1400 years ago.

in $641.00 a game changing event would occur with their vast conquest campaign underway the arab armies established a junction between africa and the middle east their expansion into egypt would change the continent's entire economy and intensify the demand for slaves. was crucial to the concourses self and it was crucial to d. systems of these empire and its expansion from the concourses self captives where turned into slaves and those slaves were recruited in da to me that conquered basically the world at that time. it was 1st and foremost a trade with economic and political stakes. were the essential source of energy.

back then there was no oil. they were in effect the driving force behind these emerging empires. arab troops pressed ahead as far as. the christian lands of. their arabs found provisions. they would enlist in their armies to pursue their expansion in $769.00 they signed a pact with the. change for 300. year. through it. was related to.

which was. in the beginning it wasn't a trade. it was spoils of war. the conquest was swift in less than a century the arabs had occupied the mediterranean southern. border was taking shape separating the muslim world from the land. in libya and the desert region the arabs imposed the same conditions they had established in. these agreements to organize the 1st deportations from africa the middle east tired. their way towards new center baghdad. the illustrated my come on manuscripts short tales taken from arabic literature

show how these 1st african slaves intermingled with muslim society. after 2 centuries of military conquest the demand for slaves evolved in the 9th century the embassy dynasty embarked on a monumental project to transform the swamps around basra into lush more churchs instead of soldiers baghdad now needed workers to cultivate the iraqi soil to do so the empire brought in thousands of slaves. on some sides there were between 505000 workers. and there was considerable turnover because in such conditions their working life barely went beyond 10 to 15 years. it required a lot of hard labor to remove the salt in order to get to. as well as the gate

for this one they needed lots. and they began to import. slaves for the from all over. where do the muslim arabs go to get slaves out of principle they pick non muslim slaves from another culture and outside the empire. color wasn't the basis for slavery culture was the slaves weren't part of the dominant culture. in the 9th century the arabs extended their trade networks from the entire mediterranean to the caucasus turkey the balkans and russia. from the horn of africa entire boat loads of ethiopian and new 1000000000 captives were sailed up the nile. even further out from the high plateaus of somalia and tanzania successive waves of

slaves referred to as sons streamed into mesopotamia via the indian ocean appears to be apportioned ward. meant bleck and when slaves began to be brought in large numbers. of what is now your rock. there were proportionately so many. of course that the lines you began to be used as a name to mean slaves in general. little by little the number of slaves grew and became so high that rebellions broke out among the banks of the euphrates and the tigris in 1969 the senate took up arms and raised an army numbering tens of thousands of men. heading the insurrection was. a former high dignitary of the of a seat caliphate. what we know about that revolt is that

many of the protests about perhaps most of them were not actually african or weren't there were some newbie ins the most important leader of the revolt was. someone who is an arab whose mother had been an indian concubine so it's gives you a sense of how complicated the the demography was. was quite a learned man but he began to be dissatisfied with the regime and when he went to basra he found that there were a lot of slaves there walking on these front began to actually do investigation and found that their life conditions of the slaves were very very bad there was so much this that section among them that they have the most rebellious group the ones who could. have revolution there's kind of

a subtle because it was that slavery which lasted for about over a decade it was so disruptive it seems to have been one of the contributing factors to a kind of a shrinking of trading in the india western indian ocean. the regimes armies were deployed to brutally put down the rebellion between 500001 1000000 slaves were massacred in mesopotamia this sense revolt ended in a bloodbath. despite its failure the uprising precipitated the decline of baghdad in favor of another city cairo the empire's new capital. in the 10th century cairo was the mediterranean greatest trading hub far ahead of venice and constantinople the empires center of gravity had shifted towards africa. this new geopolitical situation had far reaching consequences from then on this slavery routes turned toward africa. the customs changed as did the slaves position in society.

slaves and egypt were reflected the wealth of cairo and so we find slaves in all levels of society to find slaves as as concubines to the caleb's as elite corners ins and entertainers but probably the largest number of slaves were in the domestic sphere so these were household slaves. and people were purchased slaves of course to perform labor but also because those slaves had a had a symbolic value and those slaves reflected an owner's social status and increased their own prestige in their various communities. for a long time historians had no information on the slaves who were taken to cairo but

the discovery of some extraordinary documents which had been hidden for a 1000 years in the city's oldest synagogue has enabled them to find out more about the captives identities and places of origin. for almost a millennium the jews of this son of god deposited documents manuscripts into a large chamber. authentically with the ultimate intention to bury these documents and in a ritual way because those documents might have the name of god written on them and so they weren't to be disposed of casually. but the community never buried these documents and amongst these documents are hundreds of documents or relate to slavery there are dozens and dozens of bills of sale for slaves. preserved at the university of cambridge the guineas that documents reveal how moving the empire's capital to cairo altered trade routes this life from antiquity

the slav the caucasian was replaced by the african. i found roughly 52 percent of slaves especially domestic slaves in egypt or from black africa but between the late 10 and the 13th century. africa was exposed and vulnerable new billions ethiopians and sudanese would now make up the majority of slave contingents sold in cairo. here at the i'm always street market most were women black women who were exhibited as trophies. destined to satisfy all of their master's requirements their prices were determined by their age and beauty . slave women have a variety of names they translate into english as things like success prosperity

prodigality these are all names which reflect the way that slavery function as a kind of form of consumption and then we also have have slaves would names like. wild rose musk. names that reflect luxury items very often when you have domestic slaves a possible relationship begins to develop between the slave on us and the slaves and it can become quite intimate for example when a child is born a girl she would be given a slave servant. who would grow up with her but almost like the french although the state does it's quite different. with. them discovered we're often told that in islam but slavery was very paternalistic with a tight relationship between slave and master and that the slave was always sure

they would have benchley be freed and sit and integrated into the master's amalie and if you met last quick on them i believe it's misleading to consider slavery this way as something that had a soft side. you can't understand slavery if you don't relate it to the violence at its heart so soft slavery or domestic slavery you know that's nonsense slavery is the negation of being human through the use of violence. of your laws to. fit the just. as the empire expanded more and more slaves adopted their masters religion. since islam for bade the enslavement of muslims the newly converted thought they could now escape the violence of these domineer automations these conversions posed a contradiction for the arabs on the one hand they had to enfranchise these new

muslims on the other hand they would not give up their slaves. thinking from the islamic perspective it's only true and belief that you get slaves that's the legal you know principle basically in the frontiers of islam is considering the people they are and believers that's the legitimate area where slaves can be produced. as the number of converts grew the arabs had to find new sources of slaves conversion in turn create a demand having become muslims certain groups such as the berbers sided with the arabs and help them find captives beyond the empires borders. beggars themselves where in slave to buy dollars although the convert to islam they were to the does inferior and vassals. the whole of the

better verse and it tends to harangue trade and serve fundamental the 1st knowledge we have it's phony chaotic sources that talk about to members having. established. the sahar network with sub-saharan africans. what we know is that the use of the camel helped basically in queens the trait. and that knowledge was transmitted to the arabs. the better support was of crucial value. they were masters of desert survival techniques beginning with the use of camels the only rideable animals capable of doing without water for weeks. thanks to this means of transportation the arabs were able to cross the daunting sahara barrier.

so here or in some ways was a barrier but so are the oceans and in some ways are you after developer technology your own ability to cross it was always a barrier. a political issues of movement of people. trade routes formed between the north and south of the sahara to connect both ends of the desert merchants had to follow the caravan route right along babbar territory and pass through the sea. dahmus on. massa before arriving in timbuktu the deserts last stop and the gateway to the mali empire. heading this immense empire west in john takeda king of kings and its founding fathers. victory in the great battle of kareena in 1235 enabled him to unite

all of the regions peoples and form a massive commercial network along the banks of the niger. martin. arabs and barrows established a trading post in timbuktu from where they maintain trade relations with this centralized empire. they bartered salt fabric jewelry and mediterranean dates in return for ivory copper slaves and most importantly gold. reorganize trade tried to build up into. regional relations in order to protect his empires interests of. so organizing regional an interagency trade was one of his greatest accomplishment as a result and may even have provided the foundations for the mali empire fall because of. the number for them out of the 51.

timbuktu's importance stems from its geographical location. on the banks of the niger river its port became a center for transferring luggage and goods to and from the north. this natural crossroads occupied a strategic position in the transept herron trade. the mali empire which the babbar has traded with enjoyed abundant wealth thanks to the bamboo and bray mines it possessed the world's largest gold reserves more than half of the precious metal circulating in the mediterranean originated from these deposits. throughout the history of the trade between

north and south for the. slaves. and gold was always in the soft one feeds the other made with love i do know of no necessity of the good gold mining in african societies was mainly done by captives don't because the gold trade and slavery were closely linked. while i believe that gold may have predated slavery up with the chronology is unclear it's usually said that both grew in significance of the same time don't they don't know that slavery was in fact hidden behind the gold trade. with d.c. merely by theek that. some of sunday at arcades as generals never gave up this lucrative business and you felt that by the fact is did make a number of efforts to intervene with them. he reminded his fellow countrymen of the threat that slavery posed to the survival of the malenka country will pull us

through the better the money. is going to buy the comparisons are questionable but i do remember that charlemagne himself prohibited slavery but that didn't stop it you know that men will be men the. oral tradition credits and john as the founder of mali an identity and the symbol of the country's prosperity for a century the mali empire reigned over all of western africa leaving behind the deserts greatest library. in timbuktu history inhabits the homes where over 360000 medieval manuscripts are preserved. these treasures are owned by wealthy local families they pass them down

from generation to generation often hiding them from view in secret places. threatened with destruction tens of thousands of manuscripts are now being restored . this 11th century qur'an reveals how islam spread throughout western africa. thanks to merchant contacts between arab areas and african elites muslim culture gradually spread among inhabitants of the sahara region south of the sahara to the point where syngenta kater declared islam to be the official religion of the mali empire.

they're now part of the slimy. nation and they can benefit from the slum a compiler which is access to that big market that was controlled by the islamic empire and so best business connection benefited both the millions as well as the people in the islamic community at large. the conversion of people in the silent region prompted merchants and chieftains to seize slaves even further away. the slave trade expanded south of the mali empire to animist populations to the arab geographer. relegated to the fringes of humanity .

almost all arab writers and korean you see and the others because. it's often dumbed down sometimes. they don't really see them as humans they consider them to be cannibals outside of the civilised world. are the lowest black man and practically not human. if this is the. these descriptions show that reducing them to slavery was not really a problem from a theological or moral point of view. as the need to turn an individual into a slave an important element esper trade them as an other to construct an otherness . and human societies have a broad range of criteria for doing it to remember this. and

you can use the difference in skin complection difference in religion. in the transparent trade both were combined. me do. the history of timbuktu is intertwined without a slavery. according to legend the city took its name from an old female slave who would wash over the well where the herds drank. timbuktu supposedly comes from the word to him which means well into iraq and this woman's 1st name book to. today northern mali remains a caste based society in timbuktu ancestry determines rank whether somebody is free or captive depends on their name and lineage. at the top of the social ladder

of the light skinned to our eggs former warriors who have always owned land and weapons at the very bottom of the balance descendants of slaves who have nothing apart from their capacity for physical work to rely on for survival many still cultivate their former masters fields aware of their family's slave origins. who never let me through the art of good will my name is i had a motto that the rigid only that i belong to the emir did out and. my parents were abused by those with a fact complection of the feeling about it but i think the body in my father worked for them but not today while he was there herdsman but those with a fair complection abused them up in the coffin for more than a bigamous on. a .

limb to make. the land owners have an interest in communicating to the workers that they are slaves not because of an old. it's a power that can be turned around because it's nature but it's a good part of suddenly they are destined to be slaves. in this and they start to lose it but. it's a very powerful ideology of what that if your blood is considered to be servile you pass this nature on to your descendants good luck plus maybe and it becomes impossible to escape slavery. the fundamental risk of agents the. other. as the slave trade expanded certain peoples were forever reduced to slave status many internalized their condition and ended up

viewing their situation as inevitable by creating entire lineages of slaves the transparent trade continually produced workers without resorting to physical violence. throughout the 13th century more than a 1000 slaves left the mali empire every year. they were joined by contingents from kind in born new ethiopia and knew beyond. all of the routes from your mouth period to really are focusing on the islamic world and saw the roots come from or from the periphery and they go into the center of and very often or along these routes that that brought slaves and of the islamic world you sleep slaves going on actually in both directions as well they tend to

bowl in greater numbers toward the center of the islamic world but people are bought and sold everywhere along the way sold or play. itself is everywhere. on the. bus can get but we don't have precise figures there are no statistics and no systematic studies but it seems that many more people died and disappeared during the crossing of the desert than of the sea. according to some hypotheses and some contingents it was 30 percent so one in 3 of those slaves being transported never made it to the other side. the atar on abbey market in cairo. it was at this fruit and vegetable market on the

banks of the nile that ships used to unload their goods. today no one remembers that thousands of captives arrived in egypt at this location after a 4500 kilometer trek through the desert. meanwhile this long period of slavery and its memory are a problem today because they've yet to be addressed by historians so there's widespread misunderstanding and ignorance of history and it seems this black presence is considered awkward. for example the magreb region is called the northern africa but not africa. only because we're told it's a white africa totally white. and that black tunisians algerians and moroccans are

strangers men although they've been here for centuries with the. internet they have dreadful sayings like make god not black and our woman whose. piece. in high school i was taught this horrible poem in which black slaves are described as people born from the most appalling of all races and while. on the face the days that they have us live please. let the study lab 11. in the lab be the edge nessun many men are limitless with. and who. does he then hit. this left a lifelong mark on me. in the years

1324 months and moosa the new mommy an emperor and son john tukey test grandnephew undertook a pilgrimage to mecca via egypt. the fall of the caravan routes all the way up to cairo. this journey marked the completion of a long process the establishment of a massive commercial trading zone between timbuktu and cairo. for the 1st time a leader from the south met those in power in the north. the egyptian historian and their crazy reported a spectacular arrival in cairo on the night of sunday 50 instrument of the moon rose completely eclipse. then came and some. king of to cool to make the pilgrimage. he. stayed for 3 days at the feet of the pyramids as a guest. he entered cairo on thursday 26 runs around ascended the citadel but that

line to kiss the ground and wasn't forced to do so. however he was not allowed to sit in the presence of the sultan. the sultan commanded that he be equipped for the pilgrimage. commands and news there was accommodated and spend so much gold for what he designed slave girls garments that the range of the dean out fell by 60 rounds. and nobody has actually before or after done any trip like that on that scale and this and with that kind of visibility and that amount of gold and wealth document that they say that he took with him about 12000 slaves just for his personal service and 80 loads of gold in a very load ways like freakin tops which is was a lot of coffee. munson says voyage marked a turning point in history word of the mercantile power of the mali empire traveled

back to the europeans through the mediterranean the catalan atlas from 1375 is the 1st representation of the known world in its entirety it shows the seas the rivers and the deserts of africa. we see accountable written by a barber and another one being driven on by a black man following him on foot. in the east near the nile and the red sea is the sultan of cairo at the bottom of the parchment sits. holding all of the gold in the world in his hands. so that's like one text miss outlets brings us back to the great african empires of the medieval era we tend to forget the riches that were produced back then in africa so the council on atlas maps this commercial power of which had also become known to the europeans which is the department was always open.

ringback ringback ringback ringback ringback ringback towards the end of the middle ages 6 great slave trade routes crossed the sub-saharan african desert all the way up to the mediterranean each was connected to a major port algiers tunis tripoli cairo all were departure points for shipments to the markets of southern europe venice gena want more say and granada. some captives were even deported as far as china and japan in all. 3 and a half 1000000 african captives were traded on the slavery routes between the 7th

and the 14th century. the impact of the transparency late trade has left a deeply rooted legacy molly moore tanya niger and libya are today home to $2000000.00 of slave descent. the war raging ilesa held region has enabled the light skin to our ranks to reassert their authority over the valance. many had to flee to the capital of mali bamako among them in time out and his wife a shuttle who have tried to free themselves from slavery today they hide in the suburbs. her father told us his children had been abducted by name sardou don't. know i've been through terrible things i had to leave because i couldn't bear it

anymore my younger brothers and a few relatives are still there. i lived there as a servant that was my job. i couldn't live with my family. i did everything they wanted. and you got money or animals in return. i didn't get anything only suffering. nothing but suffering. their freedom remains fragile without the protection of their former masters they often live an absolute poverty even living in anonymity in the large southern cities a mere surname can betray an individual's ancestry. this difficulty to free

themselves from their caste perpetuates a 1000 year old social order. and there's a good limit and even if you are a member of government you'd still be a captive even if you're a fast skinned minister and they'll still call you a slave. that's what you offer to go. to why your dignity you have no dignity. in the. illinois my. time has redrawn the frontiers of states yet thousands of mali and eritreans sudanese and libyans continue to crisscross the great transfer heron roots every year flame poverty persecution or armed conflict

nearly 200000 sub-saharan head towards the mediterranean. and once in cairo these people become easy prey for traffickers. the war in the sun hell region has reawakened the slave trade legacy and with it practices that ought to have been banished to the past. but it happens that. i've. never. said. that. the history of slavery is a tragedy that keeps on repeating itself in the 14th century a new perpetrator entered the stage europe's thirst for conquest would plunge

africa into a new era the slave trade would now assume unprecedented dimensions. come . heartbeats for animals on jollies go on she's provided a home to more than $500.00 creature is. but her dedication actually goes much further and it always has for her entire life. in the visit by john to go beyond that inspirational woman. 3000. and 30 minutes into. their fleeing poverty only

to end up in german brothels and women from eastern europe forced into sexual slavery. for them help is hard to come by. but in the southern german city of mannheim there is support from a committed women's rights activist exploiting the poor. d.w. . the fight against the corona virus pandemic. has the rate of infection been developing. measures are being. worked as the latest research says. information context. the coronavirus update the code of special monday to friday on.

this is coming to you live from berlin concerning but no apology from britain's royal family buckingham palace breaks its silence over claims of racism by prince harry and his wife megan the queen vows to address their grievances but in private also coming up pleas for peace go unanswered in myanmar the crackdown continues despite acts of bravery like this. brought the police to their knees. in chile overtakes israel as the fastest.