lent it is meant to defend. the land owners have an interest in communicating to the workers that they are slaves not because of an old balance of power that can be turned around but because it's nature but it's a good but suddenly they are destined to be slaves. in this and it's got to lose. it's a very powerful ideology see if your blood is considered to be served you pass this nature on to your descendants. and this on down it becomes impossible to escape slavery. abuse and i remember this guy was used to cut. out of it over but. as the slave trade expanded certain peoples were forever reduced to slave status many internalized their condition and

ended up viewing their situation as inevitable. by creating entire lineages of slaves the transparent trade continually produced workers without resorting to physical violence. throughout the 13th century more than a 1000 slaves left the mali empire every year. they were joined by contingents from kind. of. all of the routes from him out period to really are focusing on the islamic world and so the roots come from from the periphery and they go into the center and very often or along the routes that they're brought slaves into the islamic world you sleep

slaves going on actually in both directions as well they tend to bowl in greater numbers toward the center of the islamic world but people are bought and sold everywhere along the way sold up slavery itself was everywhere. can get we don't have precise figures there are no statistics and no systematic studies but it seems that many more people died and disappeared during the crossing of the desert than of the sea. that. according to some i prophecies and some contingents it was 30 percent so one in 3 of those slaves being transported never made it to the other side. the atar on at the market in cairo. it was at this fruit and vegetable market on

the banks of the nile that ships used to unload their goods. today no one remembers that thousands of captives arrived in egypt at this location after a 4500 kilometer trek through the desert. i mean while this long period of slavery and it's memory are a problem today because they've yet to be addressed by historians so there's widespread misunderstanding and ignorance of history and it seems this black presence is considered awkward. for example the magreb region is called the northern africa but not africa. we're told it's a white africa totally white. and that black tunisians algerians and moroccans are

strangers men although they've been here for centuries. antony they have dreadful sayings like make god not black and our woman whose. piece. work best with a lawyer in high school i was taught this horrible poem in which black slaves are described as people born from the most appalling of all races and while. on the face the issues they have us live please. let us study lab 11. in the lab be the engineers one minute man i limitless with the mafia. and who. was he then. this left a lifelong mark on me. in the year

1324 months and moosa the new molly and emperor and son john key test grandnephew undertook a pilgrimage to mecca via egypt. he followed the caravan routes all the way up to cairo. this journey marked the completion of a long process the establishment of a massive commercial trading zone between timbuktu and cairo. for the 1st time a leader from the south met those in power in the north. the egyptian historian usman crazy reported a man some who says spectacular arrival in cairo on the night of sunday 50 instrument 1st the moon rose completely eclipsed. and then came man's a new set. of to cool to make the pilgrimage. he . they need for 3 days at the feet of the pyramids as a guest. he entered cairo on thursday 26 russia ascended the citadel but the

climb to kiss the ground and wasn't forced to do so. however he was not allowed as in the presence of the sultan. the sultan commanded that he be equipped for the pilgrimage. demands a moose i was accommodated and spend so much gold for watching inside slave girls garments that the reins of the dean out fell by 60 rounds. and nobody has actually before or after done any trip like that on that scale and this and with that kind of visibility and that amount of gold and wealth document that they say that he took with him about $12000.00 slaves just for his personal service and 80 loads of gold and every load ways like freakin tops which is was a lot of. voyage marked a turning point in history word of the mercantile power of the mali empire traveled

back to the europeans through the mediterranean the council an atlas from 1375 is the 1st representation of the known world in its entirety it shows the seas the rivers and the deserts of africa. we see a camel written by a barber and another one being driven on by a black man following him on foot. in the east near the nile and the red sea is the sultan of cairo at the bottom of the parchment sits. holding all of the gold in the world in his hands. so that. miss outlets brings us back to the great african empires of the medieval era we tend to forget the riches that were produced back then in africa so the council on atlas maps this commercial power of which i had also become known to the europeans shifts it to fall the new is always up.

ringback ringback ringback ringback ringback ringback towards the end of the middle ages 6 great slave trade routes crossed the sub-saharan african desert all the way up to the mediterranean each was connected to a major port algiers tunis tripoli cairo all were departure points for shipments to the markets of southern europe venice general marsay and granada. some captives were even deported as far as china and japan in all. 3 and a half 1000000 african captives were traded on the slavery routes between the 7th

and the 14th century. the impact of the transfer her and slave trade has left a deeply rooted legacy mali more autonomy niger and libya are today home to $2000000.00 of slave descent. the war raging ilesa held region has enabled the light skin to our ranks to reassert their authority over the balance. many had to flee to the capital of mali bamako among them in tom and his wife a shuttle who have tried to free themselves from slavery today they hide in the suburbs. a father told us his children had been abducted by names. similar started. by ben through terrible things i

had to leave because i couldn't bear it anymore my younger brothers and a few relatives are still there. i lived there as a servant that was my job. i couldn't live with my family. i did everything they wanted. and you got money or animals in return. i didn't get anything only suffering. nothing but suffering. their freedom remains fragile without the protection of their former masters they often live in absolute poverty. even living in anonymity in the large southern cities a mere surname can betray an individual's ancestry. this difficulty to free

themselves from their caste perpetuates a 1000 year old social order. many who didn't and didn't even if you were a member of government you'd still be a captive even if you were a fair skinned minister they'll still call you a slave that's what you are. you know why your dignity you have no dignity. in the. illinois. game. at. that. moment in. time has redrawn the frontiers of states yet thousands of mali and eritreans sudanese and libyans continue to crisscross the great transparent routes every year

flame poverty persecution or armed conflicts nearly $200000.00 sub-saharan head towards the mediterranean. once in cairo these people become easy prey for traffickers. the war in the sun hell region has reawakened the slave trade legacy and with it practices that ought to have been banished to the past. half. help. poverty happy. sad sad sad. sad. the history of slavery is a tragedy that keeps on repeating itself in the 14th century a new perpetrator entered the stage europe's thirst for conquest would plunge

africa into a new era the slave trade would now assume unprecedented dimensions of the puppet. this cum is murderous. it's a practice site for forensics technicians. did the killer enjoyed. the printing is seems. ready to think. there's a pretty new technology that can help solve. to morrow to dig. through. your life when it's no longer for

a big. cool here when you're finally allowed to pursue it. it's your opinion when you can finally say it. is freedom more important than homeland. we need artists in exile living in berlin. march 20. 6th minutes on d w. the fight against the corona virus pandemic. has the rate of infection been developing. measures are being taken. what does the latest research say. information and context. the coronavirus and the the special monday to friday.

news live from berlin a multimillion dollar settlement as agreed in the case of george floyd. is not just in. the minneapolis city council says it has been fundamentally changed find those racial reckoning. also on the program.

i can live vigil in yang god me on law are as protesters defying a nighttime curfew the u.n. says more than 70 people have been killed in the military crackdown so far. on the show $27000000.00 to compensate the loss of a life that rocked the world's $27000000.00 the city of minneapolis has agreed to pay the family of george floyd to settle a civil lawsuit over his wrongful death floyd was brutally killed by a white police officer and may of last year sparking global protests about racial injustice the officer in question is currently on trial for his murder george floyd's relatives say that the settlement is a necessary step towards closure. held hands raised up in victory

this is how george floyd's brother and the family lawyer entered the news conference this is moments after the city of minneapolis agreed to pay the family $27000000.00. i thank the state of minnesota for getting this settlement taken care of. but. even know my brother is not here. p.v. here with me in my heart because if i could get him back i would give all of his best. floyd was declared dead may last year after a white minneapolis police officer derrick shogun pressed his knee against floyd's neck all about 9 minutes. you remember. the family filed the lawsuit against the city in july among other things the ledge that minneapolis allowed a culture of excessive force bases and and impunity among its police force where.

we need to be unrelenting we need to be unapologetic in our pursuit of a more equitable local government and more just approach to community safety in our city and we will be it's the largest pretrial settlement ever for civil rights claim said lawyer ben crump. it's not just enough for america to say that george florida life mad as we have to show that george troy life matters by actions is not just a no for america to say they're black labs america we have to show that black labs matter but actions. the settlement in favor of the family comes only a few days after the beginning of the trial of derek show than when he faces charges of murder and manslaughter with

a 3rd degree murder charge only recently reinstated regionally church now many are wondering if the settlement will affect the trial the jury is now being seated in the case which is likely to send a strong signal to its police impunity. to w. washington correspondent oliver style and has more all of this is one of the largest civil rights compensation payments in u.s. history how did it come about you're perfectly right nicole $27000000.00 u.s. $1.01 of the largest settlements in u.s. history the city council voted on anonymously in favor of the summit it was really a big case if you think back what did what it looked like in summer here in the united states and around the world of the killing of george was that triggered protests in several countries around the world with millions taking to the streets also to an extent really on the scene within the united states his death as you

remember it recorded on video some really drastic and almost undeniable moments there when officer or ex officer i should say was kneeling for minutes on the neck of george floyd until he was killed so certainly a very high sum that is paid here leaves lawyers and the families contend one of the family attorneys today said it is this is a proof that black lives do really matter meanwhile a separate criminal case is under way against this police officer that you just talked about he's accused of murdering george floyd by kneeling on his neck for nearly 9 minutes that horrifying video that well i think everybody saw what's the latest on his trial. so the trial began on monday with the jury selection that is the 1st step leading into the actual trial and the opening statements are expected for the end of march the 29th infects

a little bit until that takes place derek show when the police officer there is charged with 3 counts and one is 2nd degree unintentional murder 2nd degree manslaughter and then on thursday a 3rd count was added and that is 3rd degree murder children have pleaded not guilty in all of these counts of if you look at the video months you're real that was shot by a bystander with the smart phone it's very calm demming of course however in the history of police violence here in the united states officers have very often not been convicted. similar events and the concern of course is that if history repeats in this case that this could lead to another flare up of violent protests here in the united states and all eyes of course on this case right now is the u.s. beginning to turn a corner regarding answer record on police and race relations or is this just

a prominent case and then we'll go back to normal after this. well certainly raised awareness right all these protests not only here in the u.s. but around the world that there is a political will to fight police police violence but it really also then depends on the case that if you look at the case of briana tayloe the young woman who was shot in her boyfriend's apartment in louisville kentucky no charges were made against the police officer as there can osha was concent jacob blake who was shot while sitting in his car no charges so the george floyd case of course hasn't begun yet and it's unclear of course how this will play out but there is still a lot of frustration among the black live matter community community. and therefore . especially that this could happen 'd any time soon again on the wrist allen in washington thank you very much pro-democracy protesters and young lara have to find a nighttime band to again take to the streets as they continue to resist the military

coup violence committed against protesters so far has led a u.n. special investigator to accuse the myanmar military of crimes against humanity and it's driving some police officers to flee the country rather than continue to be part of the crackdown against their own people. for whom. this is me and my rising death tolls and increased military violence to its brutal crackdown on peaceful protesters in myanmar has abused citizens who are marching for democracy and it has shattered the spirits of a growing number of police who are siding with didn't strangers. citizens' lives are under threat and the police can't help. cancian is one of nearly $200.00 police officers who fled the chaos and found refuge across the border in india. and all the 1st i came here because i don't want to serve under the military junta and

2nd if i quit and join with the people i believe we can win the fight against them not to charge. the despite international condemnation the who to appears undeterred continuing to beat and kill citizens who can't defend themselves the united nations says the widespread systematic violence likely crosses the threshold for crimes against humanity people are being mowed down there all were 2000 through tensions currently in the. war and again these are being committed against combat being committed against peaceful protesters he's pushing for a more forceful response from the international community one that includes targeted sanctions on individual members and on the financial institutions that fund the violence. gets you up to speed on some other stories making news around the world at this hour authorities in nigeria say gunmen have kidnapped dozens of

students from a school and northwestern state security forces were able to rescue 180 students and staff 39 students are still missing a 4th mass kidnapping from a nigerian school says december. explosions from mount etna have sent a 4 kilometer high bloom of smoke into the sky europe's largest active volcano located on the island of sicily has been back in action multiple times in the past 3 weeks giving off an impressive demonstration of nature's fire power. and the u.k. a serving police officer has been charged with the kidnapping and murder of a 33 year old woman sarah ever its body was found hidden and would lend more than a week after she went missing it's believed she was attacked while walking home from a friend's house in south london her disappearance triggered a police search before it was announced that

a serving officer had been arrested the same officer was also accused of indecent exposure in an earlier incident. now the case has sparked huge public outcry in the u.k. and beyond is following the story for us tell. the story of sarah for it has hit a nerve not only because it's so tragic but also because a lot of women can relate to what happened to her to that insecurity in the public and a lot of them have taken to social media to to make their anger and devastation hurt there's been an outpouring from women sharing their experiences of feeling unsafe or threatened by men some are really tragic accounts of assault others the stories of every day intimidation experienced by women because of the things that men say of the messages they send that makes them feel deeply uncomfortable and we can have a look at some of the journalist kate mccann wrote that the story hit hard because

so many women make the same calculation that sarah did taking the longer better late route and yet still they are unsafe and the ngo boss and a yearly wrote about women walking home with keys in their hands ready to use and she wrote it's not your fault it never is the common theme here is that not women who should have to change their safety tactics but us men who need to change our behavior and how have these man been responding to this debate how are they taking part in the discussion well some quite poorly at 1st the hash tag not all men was trending but that was swiftly met by other men who called them out and said that it's up to men to take collective responsibility for making women feel safer in public the football the marcus rushford tweeted men we have a role to play to listen to protect and to allow women to feel safe at whatever time of day another male user offered some practical advice for men about what to

do if you see a woman on the street at night he said i cross the road i lower my hood i take my hands out of my. it's because for a lot of men and myself included it's so easy for us to walk around at night and not think about safety or about how we make the other women on the street feel and hopefully this incident will provoke men to realize that we have to be proactive in making women feel comfortable in every environment of this incident is even more unsettling because the alleged killer is a police man but that's not the only reason people in london are upset with the police as well there's been multiple vigils planned this week and marches planned under the gun a reclaim these streets and one was to take place on clapham common which is the very location where several went missing but the metropolitan police of london have said that they will enforce coronavirus lockdown rules and that means the organizers of these vigils face up to 10000 pounds fines if they go ahead now the

organizers were quite clear that there was going to be social distancing and mosque wary but the police said there will be no exceptions and that's caused outrage because it seems to present the idea that the police are trying to shut down a protest against the actions the alleged murder committed by a police officer. right jill dougherty thank you very very much. we now have some new warrants a french artist sape who uses sand and grass as of canvas and the last 2 years he has taken his biodegradable paint to 3 continents painting these giant linked hands and here's the latest from benny.

around the. world the a. 5th . the fight against the corona virus pandemic. has the rate of infection been developing what does the latest research say. information and context the coronavirus up to the total of 19 spells. on t w.