activists continue to demonstrate on monday despite a weekend of military violence that left dozens of protesters dead state media for porting the martial law has been declared in some areas of the angle. you're watching g. w. news i'm sorry martin thanks for being with us. in mexico many pushes old luggage on thrown out in the morning trying to trade different office stores this is my place and went from just one week. we're going to get. we still have time to our fund going oh. this.

was is a smooth but 1st tile planets it's a generous planet it's always given us what we need to survive and grow. today there are nearly 8000000000 people in the world and we still dream of abundance. our use of digital and green technologies has skyrocketed as a result we devour gigantic quantities of metals but what if we've gone too far in our exploitation of the us. in the 21st century scarcity is threatening. perhaps it's time to seek all metals elsewhere. place.

we're the 1st generation that can look at the planets and can look at the stars and see we can be there we can do that we can touch the stars we can touch the planets . chanter scullion is just 23 years old after its selling in his studies of international trade he founded the asteroid mining corporation in the british city of liverpool it's far from being a multinational corporation he has a few colleagues across europe they only read office space when they need it what mitch hunter scully and selling is an idea we are on a planet which is fair to 6000 kilometers in diameter and we are in a position whereby the resources with a growing population are that could lead to policing the end of sources from comparable to the sources our society needs to explain chile for at least 100 years . you can find almost every the source you can find on air for an asteroid just

inviting quantities to give you some approximate figures for all the mains on air could only mean 200 tons of platinum on a single one kilometer diameter asteroid of metallic composition we can these niblick speak to faint at least a 100 photos and tons of platinum asteroids unit of possession where one asteroids can provide more platinum in goot than every male in human has to be combined. deep space industries. chum to scully and isn't the 1st to bet on the idea of space resources nearly a decade ago deep space industries and planetary resources appeared on the scene to great p.r. fanfare with his german dr peter diamandis seattle april 2012th the vision a planetary resources is to make the resources of space available to humanity both in. and here on earth the earth is feeling

a resource pinch and ultimately we have the ability to turn that which is scarce into abundant and so now is the time that we need it most both us companies were created thanks to major private funding eric anderson we also have been fortunate enough to to include in our company 2 of the key people at google so we have larry page from google eric schmidt from google this is smart money investing in one of the largest commercial opportunities ever going to space to gain resources for the benefit of humanity. these new players flaunted their finances and their ambitions and that was enough to get the blogosphere excited about their potential.

in the history of astronomy the existence of asteroids was unknown until recently yet without realizing it we've always encountered them thanks to the fact that full to us as meteorites. go to send you look at the sky you don't see rocks getting used to be or do that rocks could fall from the sky took until the late 18th century hundreds you timson. nail is a professor at the national museum of natural history in paris he's responsible for the meteorite collection. through the sentiment of all through the 17th and 18th centuries there was an idea that meteoroids might be thunderstorms or lightning stone even seen a god of a some scholars who could conceive of rocks falling from the heavens but they couldn't think of anything beyond the atmosphere. in 794 gemini mathematician and me was the 1st. proposed that their origin was

outside the atmosphere little by little the entire scientific community accepted the idea that meteorites come from bodies of rock traveling through the solar system. in 1801 italian astronomer. the map to the stars on january 24th he detected the shadow of a planet his calculations told him should exist between mars and jupiter. in fact he had just discovered ceres the largest asteroid in our solar system other discoveries followed juno vesta in 868100 objects were detected. today we've counted nearly a 1000000 asteroids which all bit between mars and jupiter in the so-called

asteroid belt. city on the fire $100.00 solo of stores across the asteroid belt with my eyes closed and the asteroids are numerous small in an infinitely large banks the probability of a country one is still very low as to if it. patrick michel is an astrophysicist at the nice observatory he's an asteroid specialist who's taken part in the largest solar system exploration missions of nasa and other big space agencies in 2012 planetary resources asked him to join their team of top flight consultants to still asteroids contain resources similar to what's found on earth. because they're the

remains of the building blocks which formed the earth and other planets in the beginning 4.5 or 6 or 7000000000 years ago our solar system was a disk of gas and dust and circling the sun when this dust began to come together into clubs some of which ended up as planets heart of this material never managed to form a planet and that of the tween mars and jupiter and the asteroid belt of the u.s. still support. it is probably the case that nearby jupiter with its gravitational force prevented these asteroids from gathering as it were given that you in other words every time these asteroids tried to unite this jupiter's gravitation would disperse them again they would give us only far from jupiter is influence billions of asteroids did manage to collect little by little they formed the earth as it grew its composition changed to lagos and asked all celestial

bodies asteroids and planets are like a hot inside because of radioactive decay because on the temperature rises they melt and when a body made up of rock and metal melts the denser metal tends to be found at the center of the body because the rocks are found on the outside going to be for me when earth was formed iron pulled out of the elements which tend to bond with iron gold and platinum for example will fuel so all the precious elements went into the core so that what remains in the mantle comes from impacts that took place after earth formed plentiful mice on that we call that later heavy bombardment of the abundance of rare metals we have the mantle can only be explained by the collision of asteroids of book when you wear a piece of jewelry much of what you have comes from celestial matter the asteroids . in that case the riches of the earth's crust are only a tiny. fraction of what's in the asteroid belt. after studying the characteristics

of meteorites that came from there we can sort asteroids into 3 main types. type objects are mostly silicates richard rocky material resistant and formed near the sun c c type or carbon type asteroids rich in water are formed to beyond jupiter where water can convince them there's a kind contains going to helicopter and type is a really fair game for metal. these are also the rarest type one of them is psyche a metallic mammoth more than 200 kilometers in diameter it's a product of the solar system's intense phases of formation many planetary embryos have formed but unlike earth these massive bodies with iron cause never reached

a sufficient size to withstand collisions. according to space miners fragments of these metal cause would contain much higher proportions of rare metals than those found on earth they travel through space more than 250000000 kilometers away they can't be accessed without the help of celeste deal mechanics. between mars and jupiter there are unstable regions in which celestial bodies orbit the sun on a lengthening trajectory that's lengthening can reduce the minimum distance from the song and make them intersect with earth's trajectory in terms of the thrust needed to reach them from earth some of them are more accessible than the moon. these asteroids that sometimes pass very close to our planet are known as near earth object. there are more than $20000.00 of

them. and they are the main targets of space minus. mastoid many corporation is developing no good not to the utilization of species or . that we're looking to prospect explore and extract material some asteroids are fast projects is to essentially be a database of devotion asteroids. this type of database already exists the most famous one is asked to rank the numbers found there can make the head spin but for the most part they're merely estimations based on the tight and size of the asteroids observed to accurately assess the solar system's resources space minus the developing their own observation methods. to achieve this mit chanter

scullion is working with john moore's university in liverpool. prefers the ian steele is an astronomer who specializes in studying meteorites using spectroscopy. was. spectroscopy is simply the process of splitting light into its colors takes the light and one of them passing through a drop of water that we have a rainbow we pass it through a piece of glass so either a prism or a grating shot lots of lines ruled on it or not to the same option it splits the light into a different color so we can observe it if we just look at something like the sun that has a more all the colors of the rainbow in it because the sun is made of lots of different gases if we look at the spectrum of a single element like new york or let me just get a few different colors. like a fingerprint of patterns of different wavelengths of light different colors of light which is unique to that element. spectroscopy in theory can determine any

element has all the elements of their own different chemical signatures in all their own different patterns of light asteroids are a long way away in space so obviously we can't sample them directly so instead we have to look at the life of the bits of asteroid which we call me to write to the fall to the ground on the. steel compares the light spectrum of the meteorites with that of the asteroid he observes from earth and combines the 2 he's then able to estimate the composition of each asteroid that the observation process from earth is not seizing. the light from them is very faint. we need the biggest telescope to observe them to collect as much light as possible that makes it more precise but it will still never be as good as we can record here on the liberty on the earth to round the earth we obviously have no atmosphere around the sun so there's nothing blocking

the different wavelengths of light so we can make a more fine discrimination between different types of asteroids because when we're trying to do here is not necessary to find asteroids that are iron in them we want to find our stores that are platinum group and where we're metals the signatures are much more subtle so the challenge with the project we're going to do with the mc is taking the spectrograph that we've built for telescopes on the earth so we operate a telescope out of the palm a big to me telescope that weighs 20 tons and i suspect a graph on it weighs 10 kilograms what we've got to do is try miniaturized that down into something it will fit in a cube sat it's only the size of a cereal packet and most only we have a few kilograms. i'm ready. i'm also ready wait wait a minute let me read just go pro. for cube sat is the new standard of miniature satellites based on 10 by 10 centimeter modules that can be assembled together their components so inexpensive. another advantage is that the small size means

they can be cheaply deployed they can even be launched by hand. we were very fortunate to be a new swer we live in a society where you can gain access to satellite technology very very low cost comparatively speaking to the speech missions that went before is so for example or are so prospecting southlake one has a budget of 7200000 euros which is to mattick lord than any space and. park. in 2018 and indian lawn chair put about 100 keep stamps into orbit among them was arcade 6 the 1st prospecting satellite from planetary resources. to milestone in the mapping of space resources but it also had to turn its high to

accurate senses towards us collecting conventional imaging data that could then be sold an important way to make some quick money. because all space mining firms planetary resources had barely any income. there are arguably many challenges to be say we are talking about attain 1520 year development sekou have to see the industry to maturity our 1st phase our prospecting fees is the most economically important for us purely because if you want to develop a gnostic meaning in the city you have to be able to sustain yourself food to development of technology and to do you need to be to pervade an economic incentive our business model is based the porn the telecast stories which compose a 4 percent of total asteroids and the solar system they are the ones which we are

most interested in from an economic perspective so they are the ones that we would to start supply off to our wouldn't play many customer segment and if customers wanted to get access to those data points we would have to be a huge premium to get access to information. we are essentially creating a market for species overseas on air currently. not all space minus have the same business plan for planetary resources and deep space industries one resource was considered perhaps even more valuable than platinum rand metals 1st is water ok so water in space as you well as you will come to learn is perhaps the most valuable of the materials that we will use and find in space obviously it's something that's critical to our life on earth and of course it will be critical to our life in space but what we also need to realize is that water and its constituent elements

hydrogen and oxygen or the most efficient forms of rocket propellant is if we're able to successfully deploy and mine for water we're going to create a network. of propellant depots of gas stations but literally open up the roadways to the rest the sources them so it's going to drastically reduce the cost of deep space exploration. 2016 deep space industries developed comics a water based space thruster. the water could be extracted directly from carbon rich asteroids. but it's easy to imagine swarms of probes on their way to the rich mining fields in the asteroid belt. on the way they need to fill up these space gas stations.

fascinating about new technologies is the promise of a new reality even if it's still only virtual. and no has a ph d. in the history of science. for 20 years he's held a position that doesn't exist anywhere else he's in charge of ethics at the french national center for space studies and that humans are due to newton's human. nature has given human something a little strange called imagination the it's the capacity to project ourselves into another spatial temporal place was in the mood and this curiosity which we share with other so-called higher on a monkey when you combine curiosity and imagination you've explained a big part of all drive to explore explore for tens of thousands of years humans have crossed mountains and sea we flown through the air now we're traveling through space we saw space shuttle as long as we want to remain human and we'll have to

deal with this fascination in almost a fashion that you will also have to reckon with our ability to invent the things that allow us to go and explore beyond those mountains of sanford we. didn't. you did present this with song response since the beginning of the 960 s. psoriasis been seen as the new frontier something unknown that we have to go an exploit to the new space concept of commercialization takes up this idea gives us a new face new profits for a new technological appearance rockets that can return to land on the launch pads have become an almost mythical image. in this game over finding ourselves in the retelling of a mythology but it should be seen as a story this yet to be written walking through instead of just waiting for the

years to come 202020302040 valid we should be aspiring to build this future ourselves or our producers and it won't be the future but simply a slightly different present. reinventing the present requires a good business plan and space miners have to keep their focus firmly in the here and now they must convince investors with the prospect of new business opportunities in space stupidly so funded e.m.c. for my inheritance we had small amounts of money from the scottish government. is a small amount of money from the u.k. government so we need to raise some point $2000000.00 euros over the next 6 months and ordered to then move on to the manufacturing of satellite we will be maintaining that places within scotland's but also adding to that by being an luxembourg so it's basically joining 2 dots together to make a state like. this is luxembourg

a tiny nation where finance is big business it's forever reinventing itself economically today the countries betting on the resources of the future. snit prove that it's not. longer science fiction we are rapidly nearing the day when we'll use the 1st space resources. here. is the 1st president of the newly created luxemburg space agency he sees what we mean by space resources are the materials found on celestial bodies like the moon asteroids mosques or other objects in the future with different if a company wants to develop a new product or service they can come to watch he says a pretty sort only if their goals are in line with the way we want to develop a center here in luxembourg but opens the door to possible support the possibility that he focuses a company's activities have to remain sustainable been if you see them all

different and serve the development of all humanity. in 2016 luxembourg's government invested 25000000 euros into planetary resources similar startups including deep space industries have also set up here today mit chanter scullion has come to pitch his asteroid mining corporation projects to the l.s.a. . business is business and the meeting is confidential the stakes are high for space minus because they're looking for much more than money. the big issue is the right to exploit the resources of space. is a cutie supposed to day all space activities are governed by international treaties city unfortunately the treaties are not specific enough regarding what can or can't

be done with resources found his legs don't put food on his bus since the 1967 outer space treaty space is being considered common territory for humanity. nations couldn't surprise create its resources in 2015 the united states change that passing a law intended to boost the competitiveness of its private space sector the lure allows american citizens to appropriate resources in space in 2017 luxemburg passed a similar law for companies based in its territory. so we wanted to be flexible but also to leave the door open in hindsight there are obviously questions about conflicting activities and the available surface weighs on us and i still bodies. in these are questions that i hope will be discussed and resolved at the international level and on this for not. following the united

states in luxembourg many countries are interested in space resources including china which has big plans when it comes to development in space a new international treaty is being devised which will try to harmonize the different players ambitions that might be called upon much sooner than expected because the big space agencies are embarking on phase 2 of planned space mining exploration and prospecting. 98765432. 5 a band will be going to be out in oregon. and all the currently living in an extraordinary era for us drugs because there are currently 2 space missions to reach asteroids and as i also saw cyrus rick's

mission and the japanese agency jack says. to the community asteroids interest very diverse groups with very different goals right now. they all need to know the same things what they are made of how are they made up and what's their internal structure. cyrus rex is an acronym for one of the s's stands for security here in of the ares for resources because even if it's primarily a scientific mission he's classified information to bring spoke well of course help minors and those working your security assume center says security. just like patrick me sheli nice scientists here in the dome in the south of paris contributing to these 2 international missions. we must use all means to advance technology and science. maria and she is an

astrophysicist in planetology aest she studies the chemical and physical nature of objects in the solar system. this present is a theory that communion era exploration of asteroids for what's being called mining is increasingly interesting but before actually mining it's necessary to understand the composition and the mineralogy of these objects you never know gee this is a you have to go there take samples and bring them back to earth at your premise was that. that's the process the space minus probes will go through in their exploration phases. on that it's essential to have another gratian camera that will give us images and help us to calculate see an initial model of the object. the oath iris recognition is orbiting around the bend you asteroid and the main goal is to survey the object and thanks to the camera we can get a full characterization of the surface.

there are rocks different textures structures craters and. you know any real select several sites where landing poses no risk to the program to actually land but it just touches the asteroid with its r c we call this touch and go that you can touch and get samples and music and the arm uses nitrogen it pushes along the surface to store up the regolith which is then even more. regolith is the thin layer of dust and rocks on the surface of the asteroid in 2019 the high abuse

a to probe sent images of its 2 successful touching go efforts on. the real hugo asteroids in 2020 osiris rex did the same from the benito asteroid when both probes are back on earth in 2023 scientists hope to have just a few 100 grams of samples. off work another of these samples can be studied for years and years more than 50 percent will be put aside so future generations can study them with more advanced instruments. these missions are technological feat but the space mining exploration phase has to be even more accurate in its surveying of asteroids the miners have to go further or rather deep . is not going to a low you the confidence that the source is that you're looking for or you have to land on your soil and you have to be able to take

a course by being able to dock and to the surface of an asteroid basically conforms to us about the material were phonier so it is the same with you which is on the surface and essentially validates our entire business model economically viable it's going to cover material from the asteroid. the asteroid expedition take a small core sample so it's not going to be a large core sample but it will be a minute should i used very often or exploitation missions we are going to be using space telling technology which already exists a priest. this drill was developed for sampling on mars then adapted for drilling in antarctica it needs a little energy and exerts a little pressure on the drilling surface that could make it the ideal tool for drilling in low gravity. we are going to expand upon the technology partners at the university of glasgow to get into position what is there the for commercial use as

soon as we discover precious resources with an asteroid we will immediately move to freeze free space miners want to move quickly but to explore and then mining asteroids a craft will have to land on the surface here it ysaye superior in there to loose naomi murdock studies the interactions between space instrumentation and the surface of celestial bodies on an asteroid or in low gravity conditions things don't necessary they behave in the same way as city on earth. murdock is a planetary science research she's taken part in international missions like the insights mission to mars she's also been a consultant for planetary resources. one of the challenges if i interacting with asteroids is that the gravity is not necessarily constant across

the surface so what that means is there might be some regions of the asteroid where you're lighter and how the regions where you would be heavier on some asteroids there's even the possibility that iran the equator because they're spinning very fast the centrifugal force actually balance. the gravity. we have evidence that the surface material is moving across the surfaces of these bodies there are avalanches on these bodies. you're going to need to understand how a spacecraft will interact with the surface so here at is a superior we've taken an existing drop terror that was used for a crash test and we've rigged it up with a system of pulleys and counterweights and you have a box and you let it fall inside that box we can have small amounts of gravity to take a projectile and we let it go and we're going to have very low velocity collisions

in low gravity conditions very similar to what we're going to have on a small body. these tests helped prepare the deployment of mass got one of 3 small landers sent to the surface of. they way just a few kilograms and can rebound until they find a stable landing spot but a mining probe would have to land in a specific location. so one of the ways that people have thought about landing attaching to asteroids is to you to land on the asteroid to really encourage into the surface.

one of the problems with that is that if we are attached only to the surface material itself that surface material is not attached necessarily to the consolidated material underneath so if this material starts to lift up then our spacecraft is also going to lift up so it's very very challenging to come up with the perfect solution for haiti land on the surface attached to the surface and stay there. in that there are 2 choices either we wait until we know more about the asteroids under hypotheses are more accurate or we send a mission to the asteroid we want to mine to study and understand it then we go back later with the tools to mine it the problem is that the asteroid revolves around the sun and just because it's accessible at a given point doesn't mean it will still be 6 months later little who we have launch windows which complicate things but vats would be the ideal way to do it.

there is another idea borrowed from nasa scientists capture an asteroid and bring it back to earth. sasa things come up empty that's extremely complicated small asteroids are generally just accumulations of material like a heap of rocks that are collected only because of their gravitational attraction and silly theory even if it's weak it's enough to keep them together on the base on their known as rubble piles if you want to count. when you have to slow down its rotation and they sometimes complete a revolution in less than a minute when you meet your you have to control something with very little cohesion that could fall apart of the author have to put it in an enormous sack before you make a very complicated. we will be capturing small asteroids and have to tallaght it and be turning them into perhaps a lunar orbit. the moon fortunately has and they'll have a fixed position compared to the air force so by putting an asteroid into lunar

orbit you're sane slickly a mint of them in which everybody is quite excited by and allays used to be free days travel tame away from your asteroid main. valley ideas and just when i talk to companies that want to mind i don't want to discourage them but at the same time i'm a scientist i have no other complex i want to explain the complexities so the approach is changed radically instead of bringing the asteroid to earth and mining here we concluded that it would make more sense to do it in situ explore and then use them as resources to go further for example by making fuel if you felt weak and then seeing if there are other useful elements around for the moment only because once it. so long as scientists are interested in further research and exploration it's hard to get investors excited in september 28th seeing planetary resources went bankrupt a 13700000 euro right off the luxembourg

a few months later deep space industries was by brantford space an international company specializing in the manufacture of space systems they're interested in developing would have based propulsion for limited use within. asteroid mining seems to have been put on hold there's a missing link between earth and deep space between short and long term thinking one man understands this well he's a so-called prophet of new space concepts and a titan of the logistics welds he invests a $1000000000.00 a year in space projects. let me show you something. washington may 29 seen. this is blue moon we've been working on this learner for 3 years it will software and precise way 3.6 magic tons onto the lunar surface it's time to go

back to the moon this time to stay. for thousands of creative people coming up with new ideas about how to use space but those aren't companies cannot exist today and the reason is the price of admission to do interesting things in space right now is just too high because there's no infrastructure when we have that infrastructure in place for the future space function or you will see amazing things happen. one of the things that we have to do is inspire those futures are issues humans think in very short time skews humans think in terms of 10 years has been a long tame 50 years is being a leaf tame 100 years is being inconceivable but 100 years is not a long time if you talk of it has to be funny if 100 years is a nanosecond we can do things and orlaith thing so when people see your dream or i

would see the short sated. and all the planet which looks put us human according to our study mining resources or water on the moon would be possible in the next decade or the other uses that we envisage will develop over the next 40 years also portions and. asteroids aren't science fiction we go there we've got spacecraft there at the moment look at the nasa spacecraft asteroid benny jackson spacecraft to review they're there but science fiction for haps is being able to mine them effectively but using these asteroids as this stepping stone for humanity to get further in the solar system seems like a good way forward the future that i would like to see is a future where humanity is cooperating to exploit the resources of the solar system in a way that's sustainable and in a way that allows us to essentially continue to flourish scientifically as

a human species to explore the solar system sniffy so i have no illusions about it if one day and i doubt this there's a real space conquest over resources to keep it would be survival of the fittest to fall so we get to choose do we want status and rationing. or do we want dynamism and growth we have to use the resources of space we must have a future for our grandchildren their grandchildren of dynamism we cannot let them fall prey to stay sisson rationing what could this future look like were in a trillion humans live. this would be an incredible civilization high speed transport agricultural areas no rain no storms no earthquakes. some of them would be more recreational. there be whole new kinds of architecture.

could you manage it's hard to believe we'll be able to colonize other places and i wonder if we need to work on why when we go to space we realize that space is empty and that everything is very very far away and that most places are hostile to human life and the complex there's nothing like our own planets and nothing. will never be wholesomely if we don't learn to think this way or if we refuse to learn anything more than with doomed to repeat the same mistake this limousine yes will have a little more a make a few more mistakes will waste a bit more will become more numerous. to sit there and that we don't have unlimited resources on this planet to do want to have to learn to manage those that are up and gets.

70 percent of its forests have been cut down for economic reasons. iliana our man is fighting this war with economic means submittal turkish and planting new rain forests and using them to generate income while the seeds are growing topical to jenn's to climate change. the 1000. and 9 minutes on d w. n

u you may know here's here's real news you and how last year's german chancellor will bring you i'm glad mad cause you've never heard her before surprised yourself with what is possible who is magical really what moves and what. we talk to people who followed her along the way admirers and critics alike how is the world's most powerful woman shaping her legacy joining us from eccles last stop. trying. to come to subdue one giant problem and we're nearly in no mood to see a picture. of the change in blue if you can't get it. how will climate change a 30 us and our children. e.w. dot com slash water.

this is the the view news live from berlin to me and my activists continue to demonstrate against the military junta despite a weekend of violence that left dozens dead. if there's an international condemnation following sunday's army violence in young gone and the military has imposed martial law in parts.