this is d.w. news a line from the e.u. is medical regulates and says astra zeneca corona virus vaccine is safe they use medical chief saying there is no indication the shot is responsible for greg case as a blood clot also coming up in. the united states top diplomat on a mission to reset relations with asian allies next stop south korea and jong un's nuclear weapons program is high on the agenda of. the israeli archaeologists

find a new fragment of the dead sea scrolls they're calling it the most significant discovery in decades. i'm reading them homage thanks for joining us the european union's medicines regulators says the benefits of the astra zeneca coronavirus are sexy outweighs the risk of any possible side effects that offer a number of e.u. countries suspended use of the shot isolated reports of blood clots in germany it's a blow to an already sluggish vaccination campaign. every adult in germany has been promised a vaccine shot before the end of september without astra zeneca that will be hard to achieve the immunization program is about to be expanded including 3 general practitioners like dr saurabh for heaney in berlin he was getting ready to give the

jab to hundreds of his patients every week now he's been put on hold as. we were prepared to start vaccinating we wanted to get going early we've spoken to the medical bodies set everything up here in the practice and alerted many of the patients. and then came this big surprise. the government says if it is asking people to get the vaccine it has a duty to inform about potential risks but many doctors say the cautious approach will cause delays. i think they've not done the vaccination campaign any favors but safety 1st i think it was important to put patients safety at the center of things so it was the right decision but then you need to publish the information behind it immediately. the european medicines agency has to give its verdict about fears that astra zeneca causes blood clots on thursday but even if the vaccine is given the go

ahead for a 2nd time confidence in it has been dented from the information that we get is that the value of astra zeneca is greater than the risks but of course having any risk is not a nice feeling for this country i don't know if. that actually the risk of getting other people taking this my time is worth it or not because it's we were not being very clear about this situation if i had the choice i would take but on tech but if i have no choice it would take astra zeneca. doctor for heaney hopes downs will not get the upper hand with the 3rd wave of covert infections approaching he says that would be bad news. coming. up as an answer as i can only say from what i hear many people are still willing to take it of. course. germany has a shortage of vaccines

a problem that will be much worse if hundreds of thousands of astra zeneca doses stay in the box well earlier we spoke to lawrence young professor of molecular oncology at work university he criticized the move to suspend the use of the astra zeneca vaccine these are all the bizarre decision actually when your own regulator the system the vaccine is safe and where all the data that we have so far cross the u.k. and europe suggests that the rate old blood clot development in vaccinated individuals is no different from the unvaccinated general population so i think it's a worry to pull marks a nation particularly at a time when infections are rampaging through europe where 2nd look at other stories making headlines around the world pro-democracy protesters have defied a curfew in myanmar to hold

a vigil for those killed by security forces the u.n. says 149 demonstrators have been killed since the military seize power last month many have been detained or gone missing the ruling military genter declared martial law and near was largest city young bar. on the jersey government says gunmen have killed at least 58 people near the border with mali the attacks targeted a convoy returning from a market and a nearby village no group has claimed responsibility but several armed groups are active in the region links to the so-called islamic state and al qaeda. at least 8 people have been killed in a shooting spree at 3 massage parlors in the u.s. city of atlanta the 21 year old suspect was taken into custody most of the victims are reportedly of asian descent it follows a recent wave of attacks on asian americans. under u.s.

intelligence report says russia and iran likely meddled in the 2020 us presidential election it concludes that president vladimir putin authorized efforts to help donald trump win and iran tried to push for a biden victory but intelligence officials have found no indication that foreign actors tampered with the actual votes. and u.s. secretary of state anthony blinken is touring the asia pacific is pushing the biden administration's agenda to keep a lid on the growing power of china in the coming hours he'll land in south korea after visiting japan both he u.s. allies but ahead of his trip the powerful sister of north korean leader kim jong un wanted washington over joint u.s. military exercises in the south and also not to interfere in the region. all that speak to g.w. correspondent all of a side who's live for us in washington d.c.

and get more details on this so some very strong words coming from the sister of the north korean leader kim jong il and oliver tell us more about what she said and also how it's being received in washington. now that's right well no direct response there to accumulate. you know your remarks the sister of the north korean dictator and senior aide kim your own warning the united states basically to remain clear of north korea. as she put in her own words secretary of state anthony blinken however in a recent interview gave a broader assessment on the relationship with north korea and he said that north korea is a bad problem that has gotten worse over time and he's certainly referring to the north korean nuclear program that continues to be a big concern for the united states. joe biden of course now blinken also said that the biden administration has been trying to reach out to north korea

via diplomatic channels since february and those attempts have been ignored by the north korean regime north korea now with the remarks of commune sr showing some force by issuing that warning and that is certainly also a response so that now we know that the former u.s. president's relationship with north korea didn't exactly go to plan what does the current president joe biden intend to do differently. yeah well 1st of all donald trump of course tried at the time for a new approach that was unheard of in diplomatic circles these eye level meetings and bilateral with kim you alone as you remember no result came out of that critics say the only result is that it emboldened kim your own and it was also breaking with the former u.s. position and that is no direct talks with north korea as long as they're still working on their nuclear arms arsenal so north korea certainly

to that end preferred to donald trump as the president joe biden announced involved that he would review the north korea policy considering sanctions as well but considering also diplomatic incentives and the ultimate goal however stays the same and that is advancing the denuclearization of the korean peninsula right that is detail that is on of the sinus life for us there in washington d.c. thank you all of us. now israeli akio logis discovered new fragments of the dead sea scrolls this is a collection of jewish texts found in the west bank in the 1940 s. and fifty's experts are calling this the most important discovery in decades. a race against antiquity thieves and these archeologists see through caves and looking for signs of ancient life. scrolls and parchment have been turning up on the black market which led the israel antiquities authority to intensify their

operations in the judean desert. this is known as the cave of horror named after 40 skeletons were found here 60 years ago. and there are signs robbers have already paid a visit but they didn't dig deep enough. to talk it all just discovered fragments of 2000 year old people called texts. what we found is new fragments of a scroll that we have known before that had been discovered in 1000 fifties and early 1960 s. but what we found is new parts of the puzzle of this rather large manuscript manuscript is of a translation into greek of the. 12 minor prophets. and from the bible the fragments are believed to have been hidden during the bar kochba

revolt and armed jewish uprising against rome. they weren't the only discovery researchers found a 6000 year old mummified skeleton of a child coins clones and remarkably a 10000 year old basket thought to be the oldest ever found. out this is by far the 1st place it's the most amazing thing guy and coward that i found a scene in my life it's kind of huge it's it contains between the 100 leaders and it's all intact this is as far as we know the most biggest impact back of the oldest intact basta that we know of archeologists the findings will lead to more understanding of the beliefs of a little understood jewish sect. earlier i spoke to reporter melody hall

about how they found these treasures israeli archaeologists have been racing against these antiquities brokers to find these hidden treasures near the dead sea now they've been spurred by artifacts in the black market so in 2017 the israel antiquities authority a major compay in a basically to try and find these. artifacts in the judea that up until now the hunt is only revealed scraps of parchment which bordeaux text but basically these fragments were discovered when. down a cliff and scoured this cable pora now how they actually discovered these fragments is actually doing an initial search of the area one of the archaeologists said she actually went on a peep break and when she was crouching down to peek she actually saw a roman era sandal and that kind of sparked them to then do a full search of the cave of horror and the israel antiquities authority director israel has and said the findings were

a wake up call to devote more resources to continue the project because he said that actually only half of the clips have a so far been scoured he said we must ensure that we recover all the data that has not yet been discovered in the caves before the robots do some things are beyond. the head of the entities that prevention unit said that the operation started in 2017 and no antiquities plunder it in the judean desert so that's quite an a success for the operation and he said for the 1st of its them 2 years they were able to preempt the plunderers it's really fascinating but there's also some controversy around digging in the specific area writes absolutely sections of the dig to took place in the occupied west bank that's part of the palestinian territories this is actually a common israeli practice to do these digs here and that has led to controversy in the past and actually international law bans cultural property from being removed from occupied territory israel has been accused of politicising discovery of

ancient jewish artifacts to justify territorial claims in the west bank and the whole thank you so much for explaining that story to us. a champions league football and the final set of matches in the round of 16 the title holders by in munich will play wednesday but choose those nights match ups included german club mentioned against the best club in the english premier league manchester city and city advance with a 2 mil win and a 4 nil overall in the 2 match series in the meantime real madrid has moved to the quarterfinals by finishing off italian side atalanta. and lots in it for him of his calling his return to international football for the 1st time in 5 years the return of the gods the 39 year old striker plays club football for ac milan and has been included in sweden squad for 2 upcoming world cup qualifiers it remove it scored his record $62.00 goals in $116.00 games sweden if you plays he'll become the

national team's oldest player. up next is dr phil taking a look at the history of slavery and human trafficking calcified much more news and analysis on our website. and so then i'll see you soon take care of i. imagine how many portions of lunch us road out in the morning for imagery different office stores face is one place where the photos of one week. before it can really get. a feel how hard. i'm going. to.

this is the story of a world whose borders and territories were drawn by the slave trade a world where violence subjugation and profit imposed their own brutes and forged empires. as a people back then there was no oil. or of a driving force behind these emerging empires. in the 14th century europe discovered that it was located temptingly close to one of the planet's most important trading regions. tend to project the riches that were produced back then in africa. the catalan atlas where did europeans appetite for conquest. the winds for the benefit of travelers it also provided information on the military strength of different nations and it provided an economic map tracing the trading routes toward africa and its resources. a small kingdom was the 1st in the rush to

seize control of the coasts of africa portugal. very began this was a plot to give project they were coming out of the crusades fight induced mortal what most times today's hot so part of the adventure to africa was. both look really secure themselves and also maybe secure advantage or again small groups. listen the largest city in portugal and the only european capital on the atlantic coast at the mouth of the take this the discovery monument evokes nostalgia for a time when the portuguese made the world their home carved in stone some 52 meters

above the water the heroes of portugal pioneers of the conquest looked triumphantly towards the ocean that gave them such wealth and prestige. they are headed by prince henry the navigator the architect of a perilous project to open up a new trade route via the atlantic ocean his aim was to bypass the muslim arrivals in the mediterranean and gain access to africa's gold coast in the 14th century the portuguese succeeded in ousting the arabs from their territory the kingdom now had free reign to begin its campaign of conquest promising gold and power henry the navigator convinced the nobility to follow him in this adventure. to get out remember the navigator was the crown prince in a way this mythical figure this great christian portuguese prince was portrayed as very devout and will be coming don't you going to leave and he started out commanding

a band of raiders pirates who took prisoners before they get. to brave the atlantic ocean few european sailors had dared to explore prince henry had a new and revolutionary kind of vessel. counterbalance. high tech sailing ships that were capable of battling storms in the open sea. the portuguese established a sea route taking in the coast of west africa. kept behind the islands of arguin and cape verdi in. smile coverage was a victory over the muslims who were present on the entire northern part of the continent. portugal has traditionally glorified its great explorers forgetting that most of them built their fortunes on the slave trade.

today lisbon is undergoing a facelift after the discovery monument renovation work extended to the family district as construction progressed the riches of the 1st world city resurfaced by chance workers uncovered the foundations of the former commercial harbor. in the space of one century lisbon became the richest capital in europe some distance ahead of paris london or amsterdam chinese vases parts from indonesia ornamental class where from macau and amid the shards of earthenware from all over the world a woman skeleton was also found. in the initial d.n.a. tests revealed that she was an african slave buried without a name or gravestone. the archaeology of slavery

a relatively recent field is exuding along untold history the fate of the 1000000 africans who were shipped off to europe between the 15th and 18th centuries. our doesn't this was an extremely brutal predatory economy the portuguese were disembarking and arms in and rush to capture the inhabitants of these african coffs starting with mauritania and then senegal home to many poor fisherman they were captured with nets on. each mission you dozens would be captured and loaded onto these ships to be brought back to your book about in the view of poorly possible don't know a program. in various locations between morocco and mora tanya prince henry's mercenaries kidnapped unarmed civilians deported to portugal these 1st captives were unloaded in the 1st port on the way home lochalsh.

on this coastline one morning in august 14th 44250 men women and children who had been captured on the atlantic coast were sold to the highest better it was a major event the 1st spoils brought back to the country by the portuguese conquistadores they had set off on a quest for gold but they came back with slaves the event was so highly anticipated that ghomeshi on ish. the chief chronicler of the realm travel to the beach and person to record the event. the following day it was the 8th of august starting mourning because of. the crew's began to work their boats unload their corrupt leaders and take them a shoebox awarded. some of their faces down white with some note of the others and were rowed in with grief somber note to high

heaven fixing their locomotives shouting and out up to it 'd was asking the father nature to help. others be their chiefs with their power on through themselves flat on the ground others made lamentation in a sound like manna after the custom of a homeland. and though the words all men language could not be understood by use their sorrow was understood indeed. a sorrow that increased when those in cha. dividing them came and started to split them one from another to make even grow up. to do this it became necessary to take children from parents from husbands brothers from sisters . for kin one can bridge no rule was kept each

captive landed where luck would have it. snooty sort out our describes an extremely violent scene of your children taken away from their mothers screaming ripping clearly what he is witnessing makes them very uncomfortable for it's a soul or what things changed after that to go part of what they had to justify an equal opportunity did so by pointing to the civilization brought to the savages citizens from group to guess what of condominium disembody. in the early 15th century human trafficking was common throughout the mediterranean in portugal but also in the south of france spain italy and sicily most of the slaves came from the balkans in southeastern europe traded via the ports of cyprus

constantinople and. back then africans constituted a minority within the slave trade. in list that these proportions would soon be inverted the 1st african captives deported to portugal would be followed by countless thousands more. on the street of the negros well one of a few alleys that are the only reminders of when this neighborhood the bio don't know campbell included a ghetto reserved for africa. 1453 the holy war between christendom and islam resulted in the latter's victory. constantinople the last remnant of the byzantine empire fell into the hands of the

ottoman empire the christian side of the mediterranean was now separated from lands further east with the movement of slaves from the balkans also blocked for christian europe the conquest of the atlantic was now vital. islam. christendom clash had reached stalemate and the whole area where they'd been acquiring slabs for slaves. was now christianized to islamicize. there was only one region to head for africa becomes associated with slavery as a result of these developments. officially muslim leaders and the catholic church condemned the enslavement of free people but in practice the demand for slaves did not diminish and justified continued raids.

in these societies people were driven by religion but they weren't fanatics that term is probably too modern. but religious motivations or conquering islamic areas to convert them to christianity were very important since the papacy supported portuguese expansion by granting rights to colonize. the wall couldn't easy. to take revenge on the muslims pope nicholas the 5th gave the portuguese his moral endorsement thanks to the vatican support they could continue raiding africa with complete impunity. portugal's national archives in lisbon are home to the romanos pontifex issued by the pope that gave the portuguese carte bloss and established a legal framework for the enslavement of africa.

we have formally by other letters of ours granted among other things free and ample faculty to the aforesaid king off. to invade surcharged capture bank wish and subject some simply and other enemies of christ and reduce their persons to perpetual slavery. perpetual slavery to words decreed by the highest catholic authority that amounted to a sentencing of innocent africans to words that would justify everything in the name of god. with the pope's blessing the portuguese ventured further and further south along the coasts of africa there caravels and strategies were copied by other european nations eager to take control of african gold and slaves flemish german english generally and the nation merchants from across europe invested in the atlantic adventure. that bad law sound of the last will see the

athlete. i want to it's not as if africans were passive towards european merchants entering villages to collect individuals and put them in captivity. and captivity less so see if the ethnic african societies had their own power structures of what i say they had a capacity for initiative and they negotiated discuss the terms of relations with european merchants tell me to do that but i think. secretly both to get the tipping point was when the portuguese entered the south atlantic beyond the equator and thus entered a new economic space economic neither they came into contact with the kingdom of congo which would play a big role. $1471.00 the portuguese took possession of an island off the african coast uninhabited virgin and fertile so to

me also provided a secure harbor 150 nautical miles from the mainland it enabled them to keep an eye on the region's most powerful state the kingdom of congo. congo is an interesting case of african history very different from everywhere else when the portuguese got there they discovered that there was a king there was a what they call the kingdom. not only that it was an area where there was no islamic influence at all portuguese entered into relations with the the king of kong on virtually an equal basis. and so so were muslims there was not they were was no hostility on the basis of religion. and them for reasons i don't think we fully understand the the king of kong of congo. decided that he was going to convert to christianity. came all forms all the 1st

and he welcomed the missionaries from portugal. the portuguese were the only ones to supply products from the mediterranean to king of funds. for the 1st time they had established a monopoly on an african territory people to give up even those in society yosh easy the more chickies arrived in a hierarchical society where the nobles ensured ate more and better than the others dressed more elegantly than the others and consumed luxury items these all the people didn't accept it don't go live to do so when the portuguese arrived with all these new items how should i put it on the congo aristocracy went completely crazy it's not the should they became infatuated with all of us you can sense that the customs and behavior were changing and they did indeed change.

the drawings of the 1st missionaries who arrived in congo illustrate this new bartering system. but the old fever encouraged the portuguese to continue their conquest. they learned that the a kind people as gold mines were in elmina for the invaders the only way to get their hands on the precious war was to offer the icons what they needed most slaves to descend into the mines. as such they became the empires slave traders. good production which had been going on in west africa for centuries including the area of guinea mali and an apostle of senegal but i just had moved into a commodore fields in guyana and that are targeted because gold you know. was booming out and. it was a measure

a wealth means the mine and they were after the gold of the what they call the gold coast because a lot of the gold does come from the interior right there. the 1st triangular trading system in history was launched between. the icon mines and the congo kingdom european goods for slaves in congo slaves for gold in elmina. the portuguese used this bartering system to create an autonomous trading network. invisible to get. the arrival of the portuguese brought about major changes including cuz they made the direct connection between the coast of congo insult on me. it was an interesting triangulation because the system that would thrive in the americas that was 1st

tested out of that region it's. not imo. this portuguese crucifix commemorates the annexation of south tony which would open a new chapter in the history of slavery. it was here that the portuguese would create the 1st platform for the mass deportation of captives and it is here that a straightforward slave trading system would evolve into a massively profitable production system the sugar plantation. with thousands of slaves disembarking on its beaches so tony became an island

exclusively dedicated to sugar production. so maybe this autonomy and rossi were a laboratory because that's where we witnessed the marriage black man and sugarcane . you have to call in a size 2 to function well together. so i will marry the black man with sugar cane well i did my deal so. the idea was simple the auden was transformed into a plantation where slaves within easy reach were imported. each year 4000 slaves arrived in fill this very limited space before that means big concentrations. and so this was the 1st example of a black colony and the slave society the model became a global system system global unsound to me

time seems to stand still sugarcane was replaced by coffee then coffee by cocoa. when they landed on the island the 1st slaves brought with them their knowledge of working the soil in the tropics but to this day sell to may remains one of the poorest countries in the world and farm workers continue to live in the slaves old huts. you don't really need a survival population to grow sugar. but to grow it on the scale they were doing you know. you needed slaves because what you did during the harvest period was you made him work 14 hours a day all year all right into the night one or any night there were there was a moon you know that you just kept cutting all night long hours are down with fatigue the risk of injury increases so it was very risky and it was extremely hard work.

something may is a lamp in various ways it is the 1st big experiment with sugar cane in the tropics and that's what the louse later on the transfer of the sugarcane production into brazil and later into the caribbean. after christopher columbus his journey to the americas peytral opened a new sea routes to the west the portuguese were still obsessed with the search for gold but now they knew that if they failed sugarcane could potentially replace this precious metal on april 23rd 1500 pounds ship docked in unknown territory after i had a project from them as your majesty not as we reached the canary islands and then the cape paid we followed acela heading west across the psni. that same day on the out of esther's we sight his land that is to say 1st

a very radical mountain then other low ranges of hills to the south of it on a plain covered with large tree. petal covered had just reached brazil only to find no gold to be profitable this immense newly discovered land would have to be cultivated. this in turn meant that a new trade route for slaves from africa to brazil would be set up. descent a man said to look for slaves on the coasts of the african gang of there and bring them to south all may. and starting in 1516 they would start bringing them to brazil they were intermediaries the very day until maybe it wasn't a man's have the monopoly on the supply of slaves to brazil. 1516 from south till may contingents of captives were now being shipped to brazil

and the caribbean the 1st trans atlantic slave trade routes were established ringback between the kingdom of congo. brazil and portugal. meanwhile in europe itself hundreds of captives arrived each year via portuguese ships. in lisbon black and white a stance of glee lived on an equal footing they shared a common language and the same interests all grew rich from the slave sugar and gold trades among them german merchant and banker. in economy to listen to me involved in the political and trade elites from both european and african societies local sovereigns collaborated with the portuguese some converted to christianity took portuguese names and sent their children to portugal to be latinized and study in the university of people. these elites became the predatory ones that had put a crease. on the west african coast the riches that portugal devoured

seemed inexhaustible. in the bel-air district of less than the building of their own english monastery was financed by the slave sugar and spice trades. the splendor of its architecture are testimony to an era when lisbon dominated the world and flooded other european capitals with its goods. credit you have to emphasize that this was a black slave trade as this economy was based on african slaves would. this trade was the main income for the crown and for part of the portuguese elites the state was being built upon overseas income so a new phase started busk the minute for pfizer. with the

arrival of europeans in africa b. history of slavery assumed a whole new dimension. for the 1st time the trade focused exclusively on equitorial africa and the number of deportations reached an unparalleled scope and scale. old. there it's not comparable in terms of scale because for the islamic trade we're talking about you know all over roughly a 1000 year period a much bigger impact in a shorter period of times in the americas. to. have. her. home.

in lisbon the history of african slaves who arrived in europe has largely been forgotten most traces of their presence were destroyed during the 755 earthquake and any lasting pieces of that memory were scattered when the city was rebuilt. in this hunting lodge a few miles from the capital a painting by a flemish artist depicts less been in 5080. the king's fountain portrays a neighborhood that no longer exists where people of different skin colors danced together. here a black man in shoes embraces a white woman with bare feet. musicians play for a pair of lovers. a knight of the order of christ in chains or in ceremonial dress africans present their wealth to europe's smallest kingdom in image of an era when this connection between africa and portugal made

lisbon the most important economic capital of europe. on his team can dois enemies us all as early as the 15th hundreds of 10 percent of lisbon's population was black that it is not counting december this puts a real a similar off that barcelona and. today in southern europe in portugal italy spain and southern france an estimated 50 to 60 percent of the population could have african ancestry. seen a kiss for all elected it's a question which all scholars of slavery of wondered about we think of what happened to those black people in europe well yet they don't need some say the figures aren't that big the thought they melted into the population disappeared on their own the poll numbers will do but it's hardly tenable to argue that thousands

tens of thousands of people are underage of thousands disappeared without a trace without passing anything on to next generations which in of us was fueled by a new story out for us historians who work on archives it's fairly easy to find an african ancestor but for people's family history it's not something that they forgot or half suppressed. about metal novel. merchants went to round up slaves in the border regions of the congo kingdom everywhere the raids multiplied lou and became one of the crossroads at the

original transatlantic slave trade in congo the relationship of equality between africans and portuguese collapsed so on to begin from then on from 59 is on became the most important single port the single place in africa from where africans left for the americas 23 percent something like that out of all africans a lot from. going heavily to brazil which of course is the biggest area where africans go in the americas by far almost half of all africans and often brazil. was the was really an outpost of brazil many ways and it doesn't mean a. down muscle devoutly many turman to that emergent should import $20000.00 slaves per year that slaves became contractual objects they stopped bartering with if you

did it then became something highly speculative. so figures then amounted to thousands of slaves were counted by lots and no more one by one and even the language changed they spoke of pieces please define the slave in terms of stature and age as calculations were made in terms of profitability what ability. would this club of the sea more blue have to use the expression slave production because within central african states and especially the congo kingdom in small states that had separated from middle book and there wasn't a slave trade strictly speaking about it your you go. yup i do apple from about live to comment so the system and conditions that had to be created this musical decision is his own is not listed here it was people from the outside who fed antagonisms that might allow people let's say free people citizens to end up in the slavery networks today yeah this is really not it is just clever.

amidst all the traffic between the african coasts and brazil a slave ship ran aground off the coast of south tell me. the aguilar ish are the descendants of those castaways their ancestors found refuge on this beach for nearly 500 years the lived here far from the plantations and the portuguese poor and secluded but still free. they've made this story the bedrock of their identity and of their spirit of resistance to all. over the floor of a ship came from angola. with people on the board. until. people started to swim to save themselves. and if the 4 of them swam to celeste the

beach hiking on to the ship's daybreak and. once they got to the beach they stayed there for a long time and. they eventually found a family and had children. i think santa maze also a laboratory for a new forms of social relations and for a new society because you have a society mainly based on slave labor which has a fast majority of the population in slaves and where social relations between in slave and masses will be very tense.

and so tell me the jewel of the empire the sugar plantation system gradually began to crack the island was impossible to control. in the heart of the forest groups of fugitive slaves set up cumbers places of sanctuary where they organize themselves into armed groups. the distance between lisbon and sell to may prove troublesome for the portuguese crown the kingdom of congo was reluctant to intervene in the island's affairs while the portuguese lacked armed men on the ground to defend their interests so to solve the problem they decided to manufacture them. in the meantime says the source you know i have. thought it it's either me or the one of the fundamental elements of the society as a laboratory was the creation of mestizos as they were called to us part of a concerted plan devised by the portuguese rank corps knew this the portuguese such

a cross white men with black women oh she created a mixed race population will probably stage for 2 years the population where according to the texts of the time the white fathers would transfer portuguese values to their mixed race children meet i votes that we as a yes the aim was to create a group within society who could defend white portuguese interests on south tom they seem to be a says. who for 2 years and some to me only we often completely forget that interbreeding stemmed from violence very often these children were the product of rape or relations between master and slave. in a letter addressed to the king salah to may's administrator been understood good and explained how he intended to use these mixed race children the empire's bastards. many settlers have children with their slaves and if your highness

granted freedom to a few of them they would be allowed to live as free citizens. as they are no other free children they would remain free of the service of god and of your highness. crossing white men with black women and so to me the mixed race individuals fathered by portuguese men were a separate group called the sons of the land by defending the crowns interests they became crucial figures in the slave system. that deal in these awful. look at the. the future whatever sons of the land mean had no secure position in the country and would therefore live off the street network which brought them well that gave them authority like that of the portuguese invisibility lemmen to say the little they too were children of the

country mrs welcome it was it is awful to be if. we mustn't see this just as a black and white issue that lot in the 16th century maybe later but not at that time it wasn't about race it was about the economy money described with my grandfather also had slaves they were black coming home slaves that they really were slave letters to. and they had that enslaves themselves. isn't there i live this story it's in my blood i know in the world. of the poor as in the city. as demand mushroom and the sons of the land started kidnapping citizens of congo despite the religious diplomatic and cultural links between portugal and the kingdom. in a letter to his counterpart in portugal king of fans of the 1st told of his dismay and desperation.

i think was far more intelligent than alleged. when he's presented as a very christian king like he appears as some sort of byproduct of fortune. but he tried to modernize the kingdom by integrating the resources that came from portugal so you know why you on met the goal of the it was still so if we knew do you fault but he soon realized that his country was losing its soul. every year sent to mainz reenact his 1st merger between africa and europe to exercise its violence incarnate all the roles where appropriate costumes a dance in which victims and persecutors live side by side the sons of one in the same family. the procession is called shiva. and said to originate from the word

tragedy. this is the slavery leads to societies that are constantly searching for themselves was due to a lack of identity perhaps it's of in need my faith memories of africa are so vague even for a subtle man's who live about 200 to 250 kilometers from the culture in the pooper or closer to the african coast on the antilles already union. even here memory is a problem. for the memory store i have of africa. and yet i'm black.

in 5095 in tensions boiled over on cell tell me. i'm a daughter a slave born on the island headed an uprising one that the sons of the land were unable to contain mills factories and harvests were destroyed. the center main experiment had revealed its limits. but the union between african slaves and sugarcane had been consecrated the portuguese knew that they could export the

system everywhere one by one they disassembled the mills the ovens and the sugar factories and rebuild them in brazil. the key which changes the direction of the slave trade is the transfer show the as you mentioned earlier from one side of the atlantic to the other. and that then makes the hop to the part of the americas closest to europe which is garbage. a year after the uprising a mother or the leader of the rebellion was executed in public. the result of a large scale experiment between portugal and africa south despite the violence it was born in has shaped its own history a history founded on the who roic struggle of the 1st slaves.

to ensure the survival of their economic model the portuguese took their slaves with their agricultural insights to brazil. by demonstrating that the model could be exploited to the america as they inspired other europeans to do the same sound to my world for the intermediary stage of the spread of sugar are in him in some ways where was. the 1st caribbean island although it was on the caribbean. in $1620.00 the portuguese where the uncontested masters of the slave trade 25 years after the revolt headed by amador they had already deported 300000 captives to brazil and central america soon it would be the other european powers turn to embark on conquests of the new world with them to slave trade tentacles spread all

across the atlantic and reached a new target the caribbean. anima 70 percent of its forests have been cut down for economic reasons. iliana armaan is fighting this with economic means the borders asian again planting the new rain forests and using them to generate income while the seeds are growing topical tim against climate change global 3000. and 30 minutes on d w. more than half the world will be living with limited water resources we haven't

had to think about our war i think that era is over it's a financial product like any other financial. change the most important commodity just this fall before it was her mississippi or commodity starts march 22nd on d. w. . frankfurt. international gateway to the best connection self road and rail. located in the heart of europe you are connected to the whole world. experience outstanding shopping and dining offers and try our services. be our guest at frankfurt airport city managed by from.

this is news coming to you live from the regulator to keep. corona virus vaccine the head of the european medicines agency says the benefits outweigh the risks of side effects as best a geisha to new center of the vaccines links to blood clots also coming up america's top diplomat a mission to reset relations with. south korea. nuclear weapons program is high on the agenda.