the world more just. make up your own mind. w. made for minds. this is the doubly news live from berlin germany's locked down extended in the battle against the 3rd wave of coronavirus chancellor angela merkel says the british variant has pushed germany into a new pandemic leaders strike a deal in the early hours of the morning a strict 5 day shutdown will be enforced over easter also coming up. at least

10 people including a police officer are killed in the latest mass shooting in the us and injured suspect is being held in custody following the incident at a supermarket in colorado. and a wave of new sanctions against china from europe and north america is the 1st quarter made to the west in response to human rights violations against a weaker muslims china hits back and sanctions of its own. i'm told me a lot of will welcome germany's leaders have thrashed out a series of measures aimed at stemming a 3rd wave of corona virus infections chancellor angela merkel and the heads of the 16 regional states talked into the early hours of the morning lockdown restrictions already in force will be extended until april 18th district 5 day national shutdown

will also apply over the easter holiday now merkel says the core of our us crisis in germany has taken a dangerous turn. we basically have a new pandemic the mutation from great a person has taken over which means we have a new virus. of course of the same kind but with very different properties it is clearly more lethal more contagious and contagious for longer. arleta go horsepower that manual shaz is covering those talks a manual so germany will enter a short period of strict lockdown here tell us more about that. yes is truly loved on these in fact unprecedented here in germany wedlock done has been related really lose was. still able to open the well this time over easter for the 1st 6 of april there will be

a strict shutdown everybody is asked to stay home for a period of 5 days over the easter weekend now. one has saved the country was going through a phase of exponential growth of the number of infections and these is in a bid to curb the infections of families are asked to gather as few members are possible to chance a lot also asked to churches to come and to hold their religious services online where possible again this is not an obligation to seize a request this is an advise by german chancellor and you mention did occur and lock down the will be reconstructed until at least a pool of the 18 stuff also means losing the tent the tentative loosening of restoration as duff we so starting to happen for about 3 weeks now here east in fact rolled back in light of the incidence rate that keeps on rising here in

germany it was at 107400000 inhabitants and this is a little above this is a little over the limit of $100000.00 a dense which is considered a critical trash. and how contentious was this discussion between the leaders. well you can guess by the time those discussions lasted well into the early hours of the morning that there were some issues upstate there and some things that the state premiers found difficult to agree upon that was the chancellor there was a question of schools whether they should remain open or should close they just reopened a few weeks ago and there's a so a contentious issue here which is that of travel easter holidays are coming and there's been a lot of discussions on whether or not traveling approach should be allowed and

here again the chancellor angela merkel who does an agreement had been found with an alliance with german airlines which now will be able and should actually test rita nice to germany before they boarded a flight but some questions remain open us to well if they do test positive what will happen would be would they be then put in quantity in their country where they were traveling away they would be will they be brought back to germany on another flight so those are questions that. have to be answered quickly. that the leaders agreed but will the german public agree with this move. there's a general sense so fatigue after a year of restrictions here in germany and a feeling that well the care of the current 1000 restrictions in place haven't really helped this is my there's a vocal minority which protests all the wrong germany against the law but the

majority of people do supports the film a little 3rd of the population would actually like to see a strict along so they might wake up on the news of the shutdown for 5 days and be quite pleased about it and. over a 3rd of the german population which actually was quite satisfied with the current lockdown in place. you political correspondent emanuel shaz thank you as always. at least 10 people including a police officer have been killed at a mass shooting in the u.s. state of colorado is the 2nd multiple killing within a week president joe biden has called on congress to enact commonsense gun laws reforms. a supermarket in boulder colorado now the scene of a tragic mass shooting the grocery store is popular with families and students many in shock over what happened. early getting in their. repaired car and then

there are. like. every run. go go move their burger go. we've heard ready early word good word. we're good. good good good good. i just sort of big bang and i was like it's kind of weird like enough was like a gunshot or whatever but. i was just like by 3 seconds before he heard another it's like baby baby bang and i immediately sprinted over to her and they had to hear like pushed open the door and. police confirmed multiple loss of life among those killed a police officer official say the rapid response by law enforcement agencies minimized fatalities without that quick response we don't know. if there would have been more loss of life i can share with the public today or this

this evening that there is no ongoing public threat. that we do have a person of interest in custody. that fast specked seen here half dressed being led by police onto a stretcher was seriously injured and is being treated in hospital. it's the 2nd mass shooting in just a week in the us gun violence is one of the most hotly debated topics in american politics last month gerry biden commonsense gun reform many will now be looking at how the president well worth fund. and response to years of abuses against the we go muslim minority in china western powers have now taken their 1st punitive diplomatic action the european union u.s. canada and the united kingdom have all imposed sanctions on chinese officials china has retaliated targeting several you politicians and accusing them of spreading

misinformation. to you foreign ministers meeting in brussels usually their averse to confrontation with china but not this time sanctions would be imposed on beijing . and one from china who have had to for all design and implementation. china has retaliated sanctions. and rather than change its policies that address concerned china. and i and these measures are we had to will and next i'll accept all china as a retaliation blacklisting 10 even divisions and 4 entities the e.u. wasn't alone though in imposing sanctions over china's human rights abuses in

changing province the u.k. the u.s. and canada also approved penalties so will be used to china you know. the chinese people and seek response i that we should lose if you all know to be sentient by. the us you countries because they have successfully. national. security and. the un says at least 1000000 weaker muslims are detained in camps with reports of forced labor torture and sterilization beijing denies the claims and says the camps provide folk a tional training and help in fighting extremism. experts are questioning whether this coordinated pressure campaign goes far enough to cause a real impact on china earlier we spoke to ryan bird sick of

a european lawmaker from the green party who's one of those targets had by china's retaliatory sanctions and we asked him whether they use action would push china to improve its treatment of the weak. i really believe that the china would not have responded with that much anger if they wouldn't feel that our sanctions are playing a role 'd they're not playing a role in in the way in which you seem to be assuming it they should i'm not expecting and she didn't think to to tell his underlings that they should stop with mass. incarceration and with forced labor and with forced abortions and all that but i think china feels the force of the sanctions because china does care about its international

image. china has. hoped obviously where they concluded the congress supreme and on investment that the european union would be young could be taken for granted if only they made a few minor economic concessions they could have us in the pocket politically and now they they learned that the european union is not just america cancellers pond but that it stands up for its values so that's a major failure. that's why they're angry and i think that the reaction in itself also helps undermining china's international image so this is a real political battle this is not an asset if now here is a round up of other stories making news around the world. a canadian former diplomatic user spying in china is waiting to hear the verdict against him he and

another canadian citizens have been held for more than 2 years canada maintains the cases are in retaliation for its arrest of a top chloé executive. a key is french subsidiary and several former executives have gone on trial accused of spying on employees and job act like applicants using private detectives and police officers some managers at the french branch of the multinational homework company could face jail terms. violent clashes of broken out in the british city of bristol at a rally against a proposed policing law at least 20 officers were injured the legislation would give police sweeping new powers to clamp down on public protests including demonstrations against lockdown restrictions. a massive fire swept through a row injury refugee camp in bangladesh several people have died and thousands have been left homeless nearly a 1000000 refugees live in camps in the region having fled from persecution in

neighboring myanmar. but the remains of shanty homes continue to burn into the night at her hinge a refugee camp seen coaxes bazaar in southeastern bangladesh emergency services say the 5 is able to spread easily in overcrowded conditions of the makeshift accommodation. with this is not in we don't trying to put the fire out we are struggling with numerous cooking gas cylinders and we are trying to deal with this problem to fight the flames. the blaze swiftly ripped through the camp housing onlookers panicked and powerless to do anything aid agencies say international help is urgently needed to get. the bangladeshi government has been pushing the muslim minority rush injure refugees to relocate to

a remote island in the bay of bengal however aid agencies say this would not be a safe place for this stateless community as the area is prone to flooding and the island lies in the path of deadly cyclons. watching the news live from berlin the news continues at the top of the hour terry martin that's it for me i'm told me a lot of things are joining us. can you hear me now oh yes we're going to need you and i last year's german chancellor will bring you uncle imam call as you've never heard have surprised yourself with what is possible who is medical really what moves them want. to talk to people who follow along the way maurice and critics might join us for michael's last august.

bit further good wonderful. imagine you are taking part in an experiment together with an anonymous partner. take off your masks and. you and the other person can't see each other and he will not meet. for here's the box you just signed how much of 100 euros you'll keep and how much you'll give the other person if they accept your offer you both keep the money if they refuse you both get nothing and a lot of bast majority of people split 5050. would you have done that 50 euros for you 50 for the unknown person. ok so it settled all would you have

kept more and risked losing everything back to ship to. work with you 70 thirtieth's already extreme and you can forget 8020. do you except you give us. the experiment shows that an unequal distribution isn't acceptable the same applies in the real world. but one finds it to people begin to ask themselves if a manager arms 300 times the wage of someone on the production line are they then doing 300 times as much as to. where do we stand on inequality and we're a society heading. in xian compared to previous societies from ancient times to today of course this is an incredibly equal society because. that income inequality is growing we've become significantly more unjust in the last 20 years

a bottom 10th of the population has lost 10 percent of its income in real terms the top 10 percent as gained almost 25 percent to go vote. when does a human sense of justice develop at what age does disadvantage start to both of us developmental psychologist hannah by search is conducting research at the likeness institute in frankfurt today she's testing the sense of justice in children. the subjects 5 year olds tita antonia byatt ok stand on the carpet and no are also 5 matilda and me are all 4 i have a flashlight i have a task for your car i have a basket with lots of table tennis balls to start i'm about to empty it out down in

the aisle and then i'd like you to collect them and sort them the the white balls here in this basket one and the orange balls and that basket over there. ok let's start. the children begin enthusiastically base no time limit no sense of competition. the task is finished when they've correctly sorted all of the table tennis olds. who go out. then there's a report somebody don't look to the dish for you. there are questioning looks why does a teacher get more. done since you didn't hear these are for you here's and 3rd and

these are for you it's what's the what's wrong the cost of hall why do you look so sad is something wrong or care. there's some doubtful recounting. the kids can tell something's not right. up there. once kids reach late kindergarten age or early school age so they're focused on equality things should be as equal as possible whether you like it or not. did you want more of the coins since it is it damn that matilda got so many. things why. a sense of justice is a cool feature of our moral lives. and even momentary violations can destroy relationships between people groups and even nations.

nonsmoker foundation in dysart of research is social justice income is influenced by education and other factors in most countries men still earn more than women with the same qualifications in germany the difference is currently 6 percent there's even a statistical measure for an equal income distribution between different social classes it's called the genie. the genius on the gene is an important distribution measure that goes back to the italian statistician karada genie. tells us how income is distributed in society in search of a tired was. quite simply if income which equally distributed the genie with the 0. if all income were with one person the genie would be one.

so corroded genies coefficient shows the degree of inequality in income distribution the higher the number the less equal the distribution. germany austria and switzerland are all at just under syrup point 3 norway has the best value among european nations with 0.26. the united states does significantly worse and worse. in the us it's already 0.39 or end of thing in the balkan countries which are less developed the genie can sometimes reach 0.4. where it starts to get critical. because the gini coefficient above 0.4 can signal is a threat to social harmony wherever is the size he is increasingly torn apart into

haves and have nots social cohesion is at risk. of people who have been left behind economically who are living in relative poverty tend to participate less in elections for example but add in society generally. in germany austria and switzerland net income inequality isn't as pronounced as in many other countries. that's mainly due to government redistribution through taxes and social benefits but inequality is growing in the city of ca's who are michelle hartman looks at the widening gulf between germany's elite and other social classes he says that germany had the best conditions for income equality until the turn of the millennium the so-called economic miracle of the 950 s. and 1960 s. boosted private purchasing power for things like furniture cars and travel there was growing prosperity for all social security and full employment led to

a quality of life that was taken for granted for decades. and that's why many people today feel that what's happened in the last 20 years is a step backwards because people back then thought if we keep doing what we're doing we could completely even out those large social differences. in a 2013 survey almost 2 thirds of germans said that social justice had decreased. germany is one of the e.u.'s 10 richest countries and one of the 20 wealthiest countries in the world but the income gap continues to widen and a lot since once a year and the last 20 years the bottom 10th of the population has lost 10 percent of its income in real terms and the top 10 has gained almost 25 percent in other words in 2 decades the gap has widened by more than a 3rd and people can feel that changing. the risk of poverty in germany is

higher than it has been for many years. while a small group can of food almost anything the larger part of society has less and less despite decades of work and this does not just apply to germany. 2011 so the occupy wall street movement emerged in the united states a country known for its knowledge gap between rich and poor. i. mean as the richest one percent against the rest of the population that image resonated in germany and in other european countries because in the last 20 years we've experienced a watered down version of that in this country and in france even in scandinavia. even if statistics and indicators confirm basic levels of social justice in germany a recent study has shown that one percent of the population owns 35 percent of the

country's total wealth the month. when you ask people what they think of any quality in german society the overwhelming majority of people born at the top have absolutely no problem with that for them it's a sign of achievement still those from working class families find it unfair by exactly the same large majority just what would need to change to ease the sense of injustice. germany's constitution guarantees freedom and equality for. all citizens as well as the right to participate in society but what's the key to a just society. the most good most only go to 1st thing most people would say is the right to education and that's not wrong because education goes a long way to determining a person's position in society and says that education is very closely related to income and wealth usually that fact is ignored or not given much weight of the money an army if you grow up in poverty your educational opportunities are much

much worse for material reserves each later because it's not just about the way schooling is structured i mean i would always put income in wealth as the number one factor then comes education and after that housing don't go but housing is also strongly tied to income and wealth so then you always come back to income and why go into which. the past 4 decades have seen a reduction in social standards and the introduction of low paid jobs as well as rent increases and a lack of housing. many people are unwilling to simply accept this and it has led to the little policies further to the left and right experiencing greater popularity. it could be an indication that principles of justice are an evolutionary inheritance. back at the likeness institute in frankfurt the young test subjects are still coming to terms with the unfair system

of rewards. progeny d.v. about us do you have an idea how we can solve this matilda do you have an idea of what we could do i mean time you to give her one of yours that's a good idea. and do you think it's good that she gave you one does not know or can't take it any longer. what are you doing now yes splitting dividing them up. after all the titles did you split them up equally. but otherwise the other one is sad. empathy and the willingness to part with some of their own rewards the children soul of the distribution problem. but are these qualities innate or a quiet this question has long occupied the scientific community our youngest test

participants could provide dances with the classic hole punch experiment. oh. my. god i'm punching the pages. you know. have you ever seen one of these it's like i want to see. a clown. or the 2 year olds are more interested in their toys than in the whole punch. but now we hike the whole punch. how will cosmo and euna react.

or. her. not hey where's my hole punch. up there but i can't reach it what can i do. because my is quick to help. i stood a chair to climb on. so i can reach the whole punch. bench the share thank you was super thank you. we help of is from a very early age empathy and the willingness to help are inherent in most people

these traits develop into a sense of justice only my few want to help someone or be able to do so we must realize they are in need we have to imagine ourselves and their place in a sense of justice a similarly we have to recognise that they won't like having less than we do. for a long time research has believed as sense of justice was a matter of upbringing more recent studies suggest that it's innate. it's part of the new field or there's a lot to suggest that we have something inside us from birth to develop through evolution of a certain sense of justice a certain preference or orientation towards equal distribution studies with monkeys show it to that often a glimpse of our evolutionary past to sex but with the usual experiment is that 2 monkeys do tasks and then get a reward of a new one. we're in this experiment the capitan monkey is to take an

object and give it back. as a reward he gets a piece of bell pepper. but logan's reward is a grape the capitan monkey's favorite food. after that liam refuses the bell pepper again and again he wants grapes as a report like logan. and then he usually gets really mad it shows that he's satisfied as long as no one else is getting something better for the same task. liam even tries to snatch logan's reward. that's just a very rudimentary sense of a preference for equal treatment and the ability to recognize it but the more developed more complex and healthy sense of justice is. other aspects like performance and an individual's needs so does everyone get the same or does the person who worked harder get more or the person who needs it more or maybe the one

who profit most if they get it awful hot and i guess i have account these considerations are formed later through education and interaction with others. for children the matter is simple justice means the same for everyone. the american philosopher john rules developed a famous theory in the 1971. he said that we can retain the childlike idea of equal distribution so long as we don't know our position within society. rules is thought experiment went like this a group of people are asked to agree on a fair distribution of income in a newly formed society none of them knows which income groups belong to. they discuss under what he called a veil of ignorance. his hypothesis no one would accept less in the latest

social order in. for others to have. so the result must be equal distribution. such those experiments are difficult to implement in reality in terms of social theory communism so far remains a utopian ideal economist stefan birth thinks there's a very specific reason for that. i think absolute equality would go hand in hand with an absolute lack of freedom. if you look at past models of creating very equal societies that is communist systems of they've always come with a lack of political and other freedoms or and if you look at all the political systems and even the philosophical systems that lean towards equal distribution you see they all suffer from the fact that in principle the state has to take on a strong regulating role. stephan boy has designed an experiment from.

has tested it again and again on volunteers to find out when people choose the equality principle and when they choose the principle of performance. welcome to this economic experiment i am going to show you some different distribution methods you'll then have time to discuss them as a group with. 7 participants to choose from 4 methods of distributing income within they create this with method incomes are extremely equally distributed depending on performance in b. and c. the unequal distribution is more sit down while miss a d. distributes the same amount to all. tests of arithmetic and general education will determine who all the top the fullness but for now general says they will of ignorance is in place the point choose d.

i wouldn't make an effort to do anything because i'll get the same amount anyway but i'd go get a coffee instead of doing arithmetic or the crossword puzzle if they realized i'd consider that bad but here i think it's ok. better for he would benefit all of us and we'd all get the same. you wouldn't put anyone at a disadvantage. in your monkey engine never know whether you'd really do better at the task than everyone else out if you assume that everyone is better than you then of course from a selfish point of view you'd argue for method day. as in you have to does it i wouldn't care how much i got i just want the one who contributes most to get the highest reward for milage if we go with method b. or c. and i come 7th that would be fine with me. $1030000.00 gross a year. yup just that it be pretty bad sure but that's the way it is even if

i'm not good i get less all related. why fathers let's. distinguish what if you weren't good simply because he didn't have the right opportunities just because he weren't prepared but honest or didn't have the right education to master these tasks. after a nearly 40 minute debate they're ready to vote. italy's cast your vote without letting the other see. this vote and the following performance test will determine 90 percent of its participants payment for taking part. it's a pretty clear result. by voted for d. c one for c. one for b. john rules this theory holds up the majority votes for equality. under one for variant c. because i think what happens in the real world should also be represented as much

as possible in experiments like this. now stefan volatile lifts the veil of ignorance crossword puzzles and arithmetic tests determine who gets what. the participants have no reason to worry by choosing distribution method d. the majority voted for everyone to get the same regardless of their performance. then they find out how they did in comparison with the other is. without disclosing their result they move on to the 2nd discussion this will determine the remaining 10 percent of its participants pay. all right let's go out and buy them but as far as you could stay with d. for example you know me and or if a bunch of us suddenly said i don't want to go with anymore. it's not where the other was i wasn't the biggest fan of di before either of those but i'd argue in

favor of c. like i did before your absolute and if you're not going to close the i just want to quickly point out that your argument was not with method nobody would have an incentive for the task and you'd rather go drink coffee. not too much not about you finish the fastest lesson at the end i think you still had an incentive. who thought since we're all going to be ok let's just pick a. system but i don't understand putting such emphasis on all having the same life and pataki and now basically picking the opposite also did they vote for distribution method c fusty of almost as expected actually it's been proven that as a rule people vote 1st pretty and then for day in the 2nd round of our so 1st absolute equality and then switch to absolute inequality this time it was absolute equality and then relatively moderate any quality. once

a participant knows what position they have reached those in the higher rankings want to secure a better income so equality only works under john rules this veil of ignorance. the experiment was conducted with 23 groups the result people clearly want inequality based on performance as long as enough basic security is provided that sounds utopian. in fact in some places money is literally being given away since 2014 the berlin nonprofit mine uncommon all my basic income has been randomly selecting people and giving them 1000 euros a month for a year michelle obama is the man behind the initiative. that i have a kind of basic income myself and no strings attached wage from an internet company

i co-founded 6 years ago i left the company but still get money as a koa and even though it's not all that much that unconditional money has transformed my life since then i've been interested in whether that's the effect of an unconditional basic income duncombe's as the theory is that financial security allows everyone to live a more relaxed life with fewer worries a universal unconditional basic income has been a hot topic in the west for a long time but some say it would make recipients feel secure and no longer want to work and. it's not really sure at some point that sense of justice will be called upon especially with people who are granted a universal basic income look it up and decide to let society sustain them and not to have a job that contributes to society as a whole. you can think of things like volunteer or neighborhood in gauge went on more even taking responsibility and the family and what. you said.

responsibility means helping the weaker among us this applies to individuals but also to the state. the social justice index determines how well the 41 e.u. and o.e.c.d. countries are doing. the cast agrees are poverty prevention equitable education labor market access social cohesion and nondiscrimination health and intergenerational justice. in the last survey 2019 germany came in 10. iceland is currently 1st followed by norway. denmark. and finland. in 2016 finland's government commission the social insurance institute kayleigh to launch

a universal basic income pilot project instead of unemployment benefits 2000 out of work finance would get 560 euros basic income what's the point in this experiment the point is not make them millionaires in this experiment when you get to these experiments but the clue is that you get to keep the 560 euro's whether your. take on a part time job or full time job or jobs or whatever work every get. there could sing was one of the 2000 unemployed people who received a basic income for 2 years her husband worked at the struggling nokia company once she starts working and then get this extra then it will be like ok and this kind of things we can buy for the house and that's something which has happened there definitely has left. we have a very kind of limits on that love like they're like a bridge of grading the so far something like kind of things you have. maybe

traveling eventually saving some money. for months after the payments began rosa had a job again. he loved one that it was. but it was really only an attractive prospect because rosa knew her modest salary would be topped up with an extra $560.00 euros tax free. in fact the government's experiment wasn't intended to find out whether basic income would make finland more socially just all with the recipients would be more satisfied with their lives. this experiment is a way to see what should we do what are the actions that we should take and how should we plan our future social security system sorbet into. the needs in future life and future work life and so on but we have been you know talking about the freedom and the equality. a guaranteed basic income would encourage

unemployed finns to take low wage jobs in november 2017 a year after the program began we spoke to draws a different kind of a feeling you gary is that this is just going to get like wipe under the rug like it should be. so. yeah which is a bit sad i was hoping that in finland they'd be more like following you know kind of seeing the path is the know now it feels like it's just like. someone in fact filing the papers somewhere maybe at the end of the 2 years. in 2018 the project was terminated prematurely according to the finnish government and employed people showed too little initiative to return to the labor market. so sheila just year can shop says the project's biggest problem was that it was

commissioned and financed by the government. in finland there was a change of government in finland and the project was reduced to being only for the unemployed which original plan was to try it out for employed people as well just. looking at finland's data ship sees positive effects of a universal basic income on the recipients to mention. the sort of people slept better they said that their subjective wellbeing was better and that they had less stress there are. also their trust in state institutions have increased. as it does that's certainly a finding that will remain part of the research despite a small sample group as. good. as in 2021 a german studies beginning with 120 such acts and unlike in finland with a control group surveys of previous basic income recipients reveal surprising

findings islamist mcnish it's by no means the case that anyone becomes lazy in fact it's the opposite people get a new sense of productivity they live healthier lives they become more social we want to find out whether this can really happen so we need in perigal study i want to know if it's worth investing more time in basic income or if we need another idea to solve the big challenges of our time and to come. within 5 days more than 1000000 people apply. to mine current uncommon to take part in the study. in addition to those in the study the nonprofit continues to wrestle of several basic incomes each year. under person 11 of them she works as a carer in a home for the disabled and is also studying education. she applied in august 29th team and was randomly selected. a 1000 euros

a month for 12 months no strings attached. yet list of i truly cried with joy and i wanted to travel. but i also wanted to treat myself to a few things for example barefoot shoes which i couldn't buy otherwise because they're a bit expensive but i can now and lots of other things more training attending seminars workshops i wanted to attend. one without the money it would be difficult with the money i could afford it and made him go to qantas that's my life. and there are no longer receives payments per year is. it gave her some security but her basic attitude didn't change because of it yeah but having fun i'd always work but the question would be what would i do where would i work and how would i work. since the start of the coronavirus pandemic discussions about basic income have

also intensified in germany more than $4000000.00 people depend on so-called many jobs which are the 1st to because in times of economic crisis 'd the salaried employees get compensation for shorter working hours or unemployment benefits self employed service workers go empty handed and unconditional monthly payment would protect everyone but of course there are also disadvantages. in a democratic society it has to be legitimate guitar it has to be supported by a majority it has to be affordable and it has to be compatible with a capitalist society misname of the undesirable jobs have to get done too and if you apply these criteria to something like a universal basic income then it often seems difficult and condensates of. above all discussions focus on how it would be financed. it

wouldn't work without redistribution. and when asked whether they would give up money to make others better off the majority of germany's high earners said no. at the max planck institute for research on collective goods and bone researchers are investigating which injustices divide a society most. norwegian economist run very fault set up an experiment to find out how much inequality germans will accept. she's recruited a test subjects they have to solve computer tasks for 5 minutes in return they get a participation feel of 20 euros plus a bonus if they do well that's all the information the participants have. what they don't know is it's going to be really unfair. so today we

are trying to study which inequalities do people find fair how much inequality do they find fair and how does it vary with the source of inequality. the test begins persis opens her 5 minutes to complete as many tasks as possible the tasks are assigned randomly either mental arithmetic book classifying pictures into categories. comes up with the whole thing takes 5 minutes but doesn't sound like long but it's quite a lot when you have to concentrate for that long and humans especially for the mental arithmetic tasks. of i'd expect to only get the participation because i don't think i was particularly good at the math tasks like let her in with others just a matter of go. run

a funk once to find out how adults respond to certain types of pain inequality. one way of doing that would be for your own eye to eye. you know do some work and there'd be an earnings difference and then i had to decide to reduce that inequality or not but i also have some self interest and we economists know about it so i would also think about what i want for myself now that makes it a bit difficult to figure out what people consider fair so that's why we bring in this impartial observer the 3rd party who can make a decision for 2 other people those 3rd parties are now introduced they've had nothing to do with the experiments so far to test participants are to be paid according to their performance the base a worker gets 60 euros while the other gets nothing but before the payment is made a 3rd person is able to change that decision. you know the 3rd party please decide

whether to redistribute the earnings between the 2 i work with. these decision makers can allocate between 10 and 60 euros to the less productive worker or leave the entire weight with a base of workers. or pseudo i wouldn't say the better worker gets everything and the other gets nothing and under the name it's unfair that the person who's also worked gets nothing at all. minus a 0 and it also be unfair if i were to sit there and work but the other person did a bit more to climb this event he'd be the more productive one so i think it should be distributed it but i don't think they should both get the same and i don't i don't put if one of them is more productive then i think they deserve a bit more. stuff i would say the more productive worker gets 40 euros and the less productive worker gets 20 euro cents or. the next 2 decision makers have to assess a different situation they too have to decide who gets paid what however. after

just after completing the task they were told that the earnings would be determined by a lottery bezel person i was lucky and earn 60 euros for the task person b. was unlucky and earned nothing in the. will of the independent 3rd parties redistribute this isn't a bad flu we couldn't help it and nobody deserves bad luck it's always better to be fair thank you there's a lot it's not just in china so i would say give both of them the same divide the 60 euros into 30 and 30 that is it's your goal of places places for. the decision makers agree on this week distribution for the researches it confirms that an equal doesn't necessarily mean i'm just one of the things we see in this experiment that maps quite well into society is that people vary and then quality acceptance depending on the source of equality so when it's luck for instance when there's

something that's beyond individual control people who would like to reduce those inequalities more so than they would when the source of inequality is rather differences in merit but we can also see that these. preferences we measure in the lab they are also correlate with important policy preferences such shows how much redistribution do i want society how broad of a welfare state do i want. this subject so sure to get 20 here a is but they curious to see how the decision makers have distributed their remaining pay. your share had to do the mental arithmetic is this mess of pottage it's more than i expected from this amount but my judge that i was still better than the person i was paired with this of i also wondered how i would decide in a situation like that i could probably do something similar phase of the interview after a lot of. my but it also had to do the mertz and gets 40 euros for it. rather

than i don't know now why. there i was better than the other person or not but it looks like it at 60 euros i'd say so so i'm also happy that i did so well philip from the last 3 category is also happy then you got it given it was a question of luck nobody had a particular influence on it i think this is a very fair result. and then they fell cripple it's today's results to colleagues in norway. and there for the ok yeah. yeah they mate exactly the experiment is the brainchild of alexander cup pen and their $22.00 garden of the research institute fair in bed and. this is. no anger for their fads i think i have

a future not the case makes the experiments been carried out in over 60 countries with nearly 70000 test subjects the results are almost the same everywhere if i'm in poor households in it you're. presenting these choices to people and it's just striking when you're asked people to make a decision for 2 other people even if they're never going to meet them. they take it so seriously and they really think carefully about what they think it's a fair thing to do. the research is convinced that this experiment reveals important approaches to solving social inequality. people in general make these fundamentalist things in between fear and fear inequalities and it's unfair inequalities that we have to fight and i think i mean if you want to succeed i mean for dishes one to succeed and societies want to succeed in infighting in equal inequality be have to really make that distinction really for focus on the

unfair inequalities because if we just. you have this like approaching that you just have to fight inequality a lot of people resist it because they don't take all illegal jesus they're. migrant workers drops me back in industry. thousands of romanians come to germany to earn a decent living. and on the romanian job market the gap is filled by asian workers via social dumping. it's

a survival of the desperation. close up. in 30 minutes t.w. . pick up at some point in the relegation battle. that's a demolished name of cruising as mine speech company. on the top a little has changed fine and life is giving nothing away but is likely to win when the 2 teams come to. trickle. down to minutes on d w. how does a virus spread. why do we panic and when will all this. just 3 of the topics covered and we couldn't read your blog. if you would like any information on the clone a virus or any other science topic you should really check out our podcast you can

get it wherever you get your podcast you can also. yes and. this is news coming to you live from berlin germany is in a new pandemic that's the assessment. after coronavirus crisis talks dragged well into the morning and state leaders have agreed a strict shutdown our correspondent will break down all the details coming up help urgently needed aid agencies call.