this is detail the news lines from another setback to europe's stalled a vaccination campaign germany is halting astra zeneca coronavirus vaccine for people under 60 the move follows new cases of plants also coming out. of the us border under pressure from a growing influx from the south how president joe biden promises a more humane policy towards my parents is being put to the test. and the quiet suburb at the hearts of america's toughest labor relations battle in

decades the fights to unionize amazon we visit the union organizers taking on the internet we tell giants. are here mohamed thanks for joining us europe's stalled coronavirus immunization program has suffered another setback germany is halting the use of the astra zeneca vaccine for the under 60 s. our people below that age can still the scientists take the shots but only after a medical consultation new concerns over unusual drug clots in a small number of patients has led to the suspicion more bad news for germany's troubled vaccine rollout the government says it has made a tough but necessary decision. i believe that taking everything into

account this is the path we need to follow in order to provide confidence and. i can't explain all the uncertainty surrounding it though. earlier berlin's shocking to a hospital decided as a precaution to hold vaccination of its staff members with astra zeneca a decision is expected in april over have to proceed with those who have already received their 1st dose. citizens can rely on the fact that substances permitted in germany are meticulously monitored the results are transparent and openly discussed. public opinion on this latest u. turn was divided at this berlin vaccination center only those aged over 60 can get their astra zeneca job everybody else is turned away.

there are a lot of rumors and headlines in the news about it i wouldn't get vaccinated with it. and for lastly. this talk about people getting a thrombosis in the brain is very scary i'm going to wait until i can get by on tech or. i have no problem with it it's not a positive effect in england and they've all been vaccinated with astra zeneca. this latest blow to germany sluggish an occupation campaign follows new guidelines from the national vaccine commission you know. we learned from a regulatory authority is that younger women but also men are suffering from severe cerebral varying thrombosis. and have died from it. and the number exceeds what we would normally expect at that age. and we conclude that it has to be related to the vaccine therefore we have to act. without.

the bavarian state premier marcos favors taking a flexible approach. but some point with astra zeneca we're going to have to operate with a lot of freedom whoever wants to and whoever dares to should have the opportunity to take it almost 4000000 doses of astra zeneca will arrive in germany next month but another dent to public confidence in the vaccine means using them up could prove difficult. more in this that's a political correspondent the only yvonne hummus the only other chance it is reassuring germans that they can still trust the government's vaccine program but what else does she have to say to try to instill confidence. well she sort of reaffirmed 1st and above all that vaccine and vaccinations are really

the most effective tool we have against the grown a virus pandemic at the moment and she also said that she understands sort of the frustration of people and the anxiety the questions that now arise with this u. turn on the astra zeneca vaccine but then she underlined. we will overcome this pandemic step by step and you can see that both her and the health minister you tried really hard to sort of like transport this sense of optimism and off hopefulness and made this very bleak picture pandemic picture here in germany whether or not that will convince the public that is another question but this is just the latest in the number of you tens by the authorities here are gone the handling of the pandemic. yeah exactly i mean we just last week was the sort of last u.-turn where chance and a man had proposed an extended easter break lockdowns of sort of 5 days off

and here in germany over easter and then had to bat backtrack on that proposal and less than 36 hours later she even issued a public apology and so that's yeah as you mentioned that is only the latest sort of in this serious of u. turns and you can see that there is an erosion in trust that the public here in germany is not really doesn't really believe their government is handling the pen demick as whiny more 56 percent say they don't saying the government can handle the pandemic very well anymore so that's i mean you have to remember last year that number and a lot of germans trust of the government to really get them through this pandemic and that support is a running now. well we also know that. facing resistance and also a lot of pressure now when it comes to her idea of wanting to push for

a lock down for 2 weeks yeah exactly she is facing resistance even from within her own party and some from some of the state premiers who graph sort of resisted tougher restrictions they had previously agreed on and we're talking and specifically here about the so-called emergency brake that sees that is meant to see areas return to a hard lockdown once they sort of cross a certain threshold if we infections and some of the state premiers have not implemented that emergency brake but instead of defending a course of action that sees a combination of reparative engine testing go hand in hand with the for very easy and off the restrictions and mechanised found very clear words to criticize those states premiers and has even said if that did not shame she would have to think about overreach overriding state regulation so you can see there's a little bit of

a tension going on between the federal and the regional level here in germany thank you that is. homicide thank you so much let's take a look at other stories making headlines around the world and international conference on aid for syrians facing extreme poverty has missed its targets the virtual talks raise 5 and a ha 1000000000 euros that's 3000000000 euros short of its initial goal the united nations is coronavirus is making the situation in syria much worse. and indonesia divers have recovered the cockpit voice recorder of a passenger plane that crashed into the java sea in january or 62 people on board the. boeing jets were killed shortly after takeoff from jakarta. and emergency crews are searching for 11 workers trapped in a flooded gold mine in colombia the men have been stuck in an underground shelter

for the last 5 days rescue teams of trying to pump out flood water officials say the mine was being operating illegally. now president joe biden has promised a more humane policy when it comes to undocumented migrants crossing the us mexico border but a growing influx is now putting this to the test and the children and families are placed in detention facilities and they are living in overcrowded conditions. a packed u.s. border facility and done a texas social distancing not an option for thousands of unaccompanied minors held at this processing center some lost their parents on the way to the mexican border others were brought here by smugglers u.s. officials say the influx of minors is steadily increasing. they know that we're releasing them they know that right now there's nothing stopping them we're not

going to put them back to their country so they keep coming on board right now all these kids were started seeing younger and younger kids being brought over by their sponsors by relatives by grandparents more than 4000 people are being held and it was designed for just 250 every miner is given a health check on arrival by fever only people with symptoms are tested for covert 19 the bad administration declines to send unaccompanied minors back to their home countries as often happens under donald trump and they must be processed and housed within 3 days the average stay is twice as long. there's a little girl that i talked to a little while ago she said that she had lost her mom and that she doesn't have a father so she's coming into this country because her on call is going to be the sponsor and i asked her what state are you going to what's your part of destination she said i don't know all i know is that it's not was there. with more and more

migrants crossing the border into the u.s. pressure on the bad administration is growing president biden wants far ranging reforms to america's immigration system but that could take years. and votes are being counted in one of america's most significant labor relations battles in decades the outcome will determine whether a trade union can gain a foothold at the internet retail giant amazon organizes a promising union representation will improve the lives of men. 6000 amazon is expected to push back in the hope of keeping the union out. welcome to bessemer if you have never heard of this southwestern suburb of birmingham alabama you were not alone at least until recently bessemer home to roughly 28000 residents has become a daily news headline a beacon of hope for many but for others it's now a symbolizes

a vicious attack on the good old capitalism will. bessemer is now at the center of the biggest and most important labor fight the united states has seen in decades thanks to amazon so here we are at the amazon fulfillment center right behind me here in bessemer alabama. this place or better 5800 workers who work here could make history yes history but only in the united states why is that because amazon was successful for the last almost 20 years to fight off any union effort to put cracks in the house off the sauce this is the 1st time that a union has a real chance to get labor organized at amazon local union organizers work from months on getting amazon workers into the flock flyers and posters for rallies and shit like work and this all came about because of this

man darrell richardson. richardson felt things are not all that great at the bessemer amazon fulfillment center if you're late a minute. 15 minutes a automatic way from here. so why take up so we're just a lot of stuff need to be changed last year contact at the warehouse and department store union in birmingham and a representative met with him here. at the dreamland barbecue in tuscaloosa rips and i see a plan to unionize amazon was hatched and set in motion. fast forward to today almost $6000.00 workers voted for or against unionization now the votes have been counted union activist alex gould says that won't be the end of it likely but . it's a pro union leaflet. if the workers win this vote it's going to be

a big struggle for sam as they come to any agreement with them you know the law says that has to bargain with them but we all know it's a question of power. and there's also the other side of course amazon employees who don't want to you know we are against it and we are very happy with what we are getting is far as benefits we're happy with our working conditions we're happy with the advancement opportunities. speaking of advancement whatever the bessemer vote will be amazon is sure to face more pressure for unionization in the future. sports news now and there is some bad news for by and munich star striker robert lo and doubts he will be out for a month after injuring his knee he was playing for his national side poland now and

us is hoping to break the bundesliga record of 40 goals in a season set by goodell hof a century ago he's a score $35.00 times so far but will be back with only a few games left to play. they watch in detail the unused life from violence used to take care of like. africa. and you hear me now over the years returning and how the last 2 years german chancellor when you bring your uncle a man called and you have never thought have surprised yourself with what is possible to this miracle really what moves and want. to talk to people and follow along the way maurice and critics alike join us for metals last stocks

'd. over the centuries the slave trade forged new worlds and devastated others as violence subjugation and profit imposed their own roots the slave system created the greatest accumulation of wealth you have ever seen up to that moment to. the late 18th century saw on the slave trade reach its pinnacle with over 100000 captives abducted and deported every year. of the streams of human domination even in slavery we find there is always resistance there is always tension and there's always trouble. at the dawn of the 19th century the brutality of the transatlantic slave trade brought about its decline europeans had to find alternative means of accumulating well. after abolition be expanded the limits concept of slavery.

brazil bears the legacy of slavery is finally years right as the slave trade was banned a 2nd wave of captives from africa were swept up in the bay of rio de janeiro over 2000000 slaves landed there during the 1900 centuries making rio the largest slave trade port in the world. people in brazil grab for them to stop makes it very clear that brazil is. the 2nd largest african country in the world the only country where as more people of african descent brazil is nigeria.

in certain neighborhoods however it simply being young black and poor can get you shot dead in the middle of the street over the past decade the rio police had been carrying out regular raids in the favelas on the pretext of ridding slums of crime these operations have made brazil the world leader in police violence against the black population. use it for us to be a tool for them will always be paul block for valid people well never see is any other way. it is good for them we're all criminals people stare at us because of our hair because of our we live there prejudiced but it's tough. because they've got the power and will always be a minority community. in

. 130 years after the abolition of slavery africa brazilians are still by far the country's poorest community 2nd class citizens in a world divided along color lines. think it's very important for people to realize that for 1820 for every european that traveled across the atlantic there were probably 4 africans. but i don't think anyone had any idea about the whole of the history of the americas written in terms of european settlement. in the late 18th century africans and mixed race creole descendants constituted the overwhelming majority of the population in brazil venezuela and the caribbean the only presence of africans in this society

was depicted in watercolors spy or french botanist during his stay in rio among the white population this massive presence of slaves fed fears of conspiracy poisoning and murder. nearly everywhere whites were a minority they had slaves in their kitchen in their living quarters everywhere they were the majority so there was this constant fear that they collectively mobilized to kill the whites. and here at the heart of the new world those fears were actually materializing in the form of uprisings among the slave population by 791. had become a powder keg primed to ignite and potentially destroy the entire slave system from the america all the way back to europe 45000 new african captives landed every year on the coast of this french island colony where slaves made up 90 percent of the

population. after the $789.00 revolution in france the declaration of the rights of man rang out like a rallying cry for the newly arrived captives. their slave loot is coachman for minute cetera he felt that the whites were no longer in control of the situation but their power headway and they were only a few troops left the time had come to rebel. and rebel they did it began on august 22nd 791 with accounts from that night describing a tempestuous storm. slaves gathered at work a man. to listen to the prayers of a voodoo priest us and plan for insurrection. although it's unclear whether this clandestine ceremony actually occurred the date nevertheless mark the unleashing of a revolution that would sweep aside the entire plantation system.

god who created the earth. created the sun gives us light. card who holds up the ocean. makes the condom wrong. god who has ears to hear you who are hidden in the clouds who watch sperm where you are and you see all that the white has made a sucker in the white man's god asks them to commit crimes but the god within us who wants to do good and. god who is. just orders us to revenge are wrong. he who will direct our arms and bring us the victory it is he who will assist us we all should draw away the image of the white

friends god who is so prejudiced listen to the voice for liberty that speaks in all our hearts. let's say and we need to wait for him all the same also ramoni called upon it and some strong african dady us if it's important to know that voodoo was present and each stage of the struggle against the colonial slave system that's your own. nearly as clever as yes it was the voodoo religion that eventually united all the slaves who sought clear in the last song this is a scrub the war of liberation would last 12 years the resulting slave army was led by usual. duty. man and forth want to sound the former coach driver was dubbed their tool for his capacity to open up enemy lines the so-called black jacobins named after the revolutionary movement in france inflicted a 1st defeat for new french leader napoleon. a slave also repelled subsequent

british attempts to reconquer the island in $180.00 for the 1st black republic in history was born in haiti derived from the indigenous arab want name for the island the word freedom now resonated throughout the world and with it fears of the revolution spreading across the americas. it was a revolution made by slaves that had world historical consequences that slave real revolution in said the man destroyed the most productive colony in the in the world in a time when there's demographic growth and increasing demand for slave produce commodities half the world's production was withdrawn from the world market by the haitian revolution so not only is there expansion there's a huge hole in this horse sources of supply so that reconfigured the whole atlantic economy. by the timed europe woke up from the haitian nightmare 10000 white

inhabitants had already fled the island. plantation owners quickly found new lands to settle in and partners eager to capitalize on their knowledge of intensive farming. sugar in cuba cotton in the us and coffee in brazil. the freedom slaves had acquired in haiti had a paradoxical consequence it consolidated slavery all over the american continent. in rio's hinterlands the power either valley used to be covered with impenetrable primary forests today the mountain sides or bare trees were cleared on mass in the early 1900 centuries to make way for intensive coffee farming a new source of wealth.

from. as good for the others a vote by about the large of as and the farms and the part i of our valley had up to 90 percent 1st generation african slaves. maidens basket that went in a very short time a practically uninhabited area was very rapidly populated with countless slaves working on the farms would all have been them and. some plantation owners possessed up to a 1000 slaves all applied a scientific organization of labor rigorous accounts were kept of each day's activities output per slave became the fundamental principle guiding plantation

organization. everything. it was built around the coffee drying grounds the slaves had to go out in groups in the morning to plant or to pick and the big plantations they had slave quarters enclosed barracks with one entrance and so it looks like a car so situation was really hard to escape but the other reason is you could get the slaves up all that once in the morning and then as they marched out the gate you could give them their tools. so the space organizes the flow of labor. every thing has a function so that you don't even have to watch the slaves because you know what they're supposed to be. so it's a kind of industrial production producing industrial raw materials for the factories of britain and new mass consumption markets so there's

a huge transformation of production which means for the slaves it's much more exploitative the output for slaves goes up 10 times an average in each of those crops from what i have been in the 18th century. 9000 kilometers away from europe these men and women with a hidden face of the industrial revolution. the world was changing in the early 19th century europe was urbanizing and amassing more and more wealth money flowed freely and london was now the world's economic at the center in the british capital a growing middle class flocked to the new department stores overlooking that the

satin dresses combs ivory umbrellas and sweets they purchased with the fruits of slave labor. there's a distinction between what's happening in the colonial societies and what's happening in the metropolitan societies and the metropolitan policy makers begin to disavow what's happening in the colonies in some ways and they stop recognising that kind of violence as their own violence slavery is the opposite of liberal freedom so britain as the bearer of freedom has to say slavery is wrong british abolition of the slave trade is the greatest justification say well we're really disinterested it's not for intra economic motives but for ideological motives we're for freedom.

the business world was looking for less precarious investments buying stakes in british cotton mills was indeed far less incriminating. there was no plan in setting up the global economy as we see it today they were just you know manufacturers' in britain developing new machines these machines suddenly needed much more cock so they tried to buy this somewhere they didn't really care where it came from but the place where they found it where they were able to buy huge quantities at ever cheaper prices this was in the americas and this was eventually in the united states. in this new industrial society the supply of raw materials was the key to success from an economic perspective the world's leading financial power no longer needed the slave trade. in 1807 britain

results to abolish the transatlantic slave trade. the thing that i think also needs to be said is that this was not simple as. truism on the part of great britain in other words it wasn't simply the humanitarianism of the abolition movement it's that britain did not want other imperial rivals to have the benefit of slave labor when in fact they didn't. in $815.00 armed with its naval supremacy britain imposed the cessation of the slave trade on its commercial rivals as abolition took effect among the leading european slave powers the decision to gradually shut down the northern atlanta slave trade routes but it also set off fresh deportations too and within countries where slave ownership was still prevalent by grouping together the captives born on its soil the united states was also about to enter a new era of slavery a fairly small percentage of the people brought over to the americas in the slave

trade actually came to north america probably 345 percent and yet by the time you get to 190825838 very large percentage of the a slave population is in the united states because of natural population growth so that is a very important part of the story thomas jefferson for example who advocated closing the slave trade did so at least in part because he knew that the slaves that he was going to sell from his plantations into the new plantation regions would become more valuable with the closing of the slave trade. the farming concentrated most of the country slave labor along the banks of the mississippi by foot or by boat sold or brought by their owners $1000000.00 slaves

from new york baltimore washington and st louis were deported down south new orleans and natchez became massive slain. markets. after brazil the united states became the new land of industrial slavery. most of the people were between 14 and 22. they were sold single and they were roughly of a bias to mation half men and have women so if you think about that here young people taken out of their families out of their communities shipped a 1000 miles away to really a very exploitative place where they have to form their own communities and their own families from scratch because that all the cut military that they had in their lives with such as it was was taken away. plantation

owners saw 2 options for increasing their human life stock buying captives of both sexes and inciting unions so that they would reproduce. the reproductive capacity the conception of children the bearing of children to term the raising of children has many meanings one of them is an economic meaning for slave holders and for the slave economy in general. women's wombs were now part of the production system ringback as their masters enjoyed complete dominion over them. rape is very common. one of the most important stories that we have is that of a young woman named celia celia lived in central missouri on a small farm and she was brought there at the age of 14 and endured

3 years of rape sexual assault by her own or poor 3. she eventually kills her owner and is tried for murder there in central missouri and while she is ultimately convicted of murder and executed she's convicted because by law she's not permitted to assert self-defense as an slaved woman but no one disputes that she was raped. to procure slaves brazil had to opt for another strategy perpetuating the slave trade but this time by what were now illegal means. despite britain's efforts to put an end to the slave trade it mushroomed in the southern hemisphere within 35 years over 2 and a half 1000000 men women and children were transferred from west africa to

plantations over the world they were soon joined 540-0000 captives on the continent coast where the main market was in zanzibar. if you look from 815 to let's about around 85855. there were actually more slaves transported across the atlantic then it in the equivalent time in the whole history of the slave trade at the time is supposed to be dying. the indian ocean is one of the oldest commercial exchange zones in the world africa and the east have been trading here for over 2000 years ivory food products and clothes changed hands along these routes as well as african captives.

driven by western demand zanzibar became a strategic crossroads it was here that one of the world's last slave trade ports was about to develop. zanzibar developed in the 19th century largely as a major center of trade. but also became the center of a large commercial empire the something of zanzibar controlled not only zines about but tried to control the whole course of light. by 18 sixty's something like 20000 slaves water coming through. but these slaves 8006000 may be. what exported out.

in the eyes of philanthropists from the biggest slave trading nations britain and france others were now to blame for the cruelty and ignominious slavery. in zanzibar the others were arid and swahili traitors. and then slavery became the criteria for creating a hierarchy the states of the americas including the united states were less than britain because they could live with slavery the brazilians the cubans were morally corrupt because they weren't bothered by my code existing with the evils of slavery so they were they were on a lower standard than the british. africans were ruled out. the

world map was redrawn to distinguish and lightened powers from what were considered half civilised countries barbarian kingdoms and lands populated by savages religions political regimes and degree of cultural development made of a value system used to rank peoples around the world according to these standards slavery had become a backward practice unworthy of a civilized nation merely fighting the slave trade was no longer enough slavery itself had to be eradicated with this global surge in abolition slavery and institution as old as humanity found itself on the retreat. it began in the former spanish colonies. then came the british colonies followed by the french and finally dutch territories. and all the victory of the abolitionists all slavery become a thorny issue for the united states here and how did they renounce slavery when

the american economy was dependent on southern plantation owners in this wealthy elite often considered themselves as the heirs to greco roman civilization which legitimated slavery many were eager to make the connection expressing it in the architecture and interior decoration of their lavish homes for them slavery was a mainstay of the social order. eventually the clash over slavery became one of the primary factors that saw the south attempt to secede from the united states in 861 the country was plunged into a devastating civil war nearly 200000 african-americans and rolled in the northern union army. for african-americans the war is

a war for abolition from the start be they enslaved people who watch who wait who take their opportunities at every chance during the war to further the union's interest or free african-americans a half 1000000 of them in the north many of whom will raise troops volunteer themselves for the union forces raise money and care for black soldiers when the union army fails to do so. hard. that. $865.00 after 4 years of destructive warfare the us declared the abolition of slavery. at last

they would claim their place amongst the supposedly more enlightened nations of the world. will not. harm. so work as gain their freedom but this freedom is very. very limited and it's especially limited economically and of course then the reconstituted state governments of the american south they are deeply repressive and they are deeply interested in fixing workers to places not allowing them to work in other sectors of the economy. freedom as sensually in name only in the u.s. as well as in france or jamaica last for bidding for treatment of freed slaves were

promulgated ringback they were denied their right to vote to legitimate self-defense and denied freedom of movement many of those who protested were killed those who refused to work were jailed and sentenced to forced labor. race itself without slavery gets reconfigured through the loss through the courts through political practices in race itself is that justify slavery race itself is the basis for confining the now freed population to the south producing the same crops under conditions that are really not free and equal they become a cheap labor force subject to social discipline and control so it has a social dimension but also a production to measure. the concept of race bound former slaves to specific territories legally confining them to get else without

any hope of escape former slaves where from then on subjugated by virtue of their skin color violence committed by any white person against any black person was permitted by law. with emancipation in the united states in $865.00 with the end of the so. the war 4000000 cotton growers enslaved cotton growers win their freedom europeans by the 806870 is try to find ways to secure a carton and one of the places they begin to look at is the continent of africa which has a very long history of cotton agriculture. the abolition of slavery had unexpected repercussions in africa in the eyes of europeans the emancipation of former slaves

concentrated along the coast of africa justified sending in their armies the belgians then the french settled on the western coast the british followed in nigeria and on the eastern coast all in the name of progress and the good of humanity. about the fight against the slave trade in zanzibar led to control than occupation as although initially there was no intent to colonize this fight against the slave trade almost inevitably led to colonial occupation. where ever britain intervened it applied pressure to put an end to the selling of slaves. in $873.00 it negotiated the abolition of the slave trade with the sultan of zanzibar.

this is in some ways ironic that the british mean to abolish slavery and slave trade but by doing it it really forced people to say if we plan to export slaves we will use the slaves within to produce things that we can export. spurred on by these grand moral principles a number of europeans went off in search of adventure ready to invest in the raw materials that their continent needed the missionary dr david livingstone became the figurehead for abolitionist explorers the people who supported these missions business people people with money so they probably had some idea of why the

interested it's not just interested in finding the stock. of africa but when it comes to missionaries living standard was actually quite clear here in your what the capitalists what interested in. the missionary organization he told them that this is philanthropy last 5 percent that there is and it just as businessmen and he said quite openly philanthropy joined us to fight against slavery. abolish slavery because there is an interest for you or you will produce cloth to sell to the people. some explorers made the most of the local merchants advice and logistical support among the latter was to put it one of the most important slave traders in central and eastern africa she controlled an immense territory along lake tanganyika with the help of tippoo tib

henry morton stanley went up the congo river and coerced the traditional village she's into signing contracts that stripped them of millions of acres of land for the benefit of the belgian king leopold the 2nd after landing in bergen more you henry stanley penetrated deep into central africa and renamed the cities of peace and ghani and after himself he was soon joined by other european explorers who entered africa from the west these expeditions marked the transition from evangelizing missions to imperialism. to put it as a young boy began to trade along that certain cold route into it when the congo he traded over a large area and was the most powerful figure there. also had his all and almost no army. although now in a state of neglect to putin it's house in zanzibar tells us much about the fortune

amassed by the powerful merchant in his autobiography he recounted his negotiations with stanley and the belgian diplomats. stanley arrived with a dozen europeans we met at the consul's and he told me. we wish you to accept to become governor in the name of belgium and of your voice the belgium flying in the districts or under your rule i hosted one it's time he falls when i arrived on my man did the same wherever he came. former slaves were enlisted in the conquering armies weapons in hand the french the belgian and the british went deeper and deeper into the equatorial forest. europeans placed peasant communities under military control and forced them to produce palm oil rubber cocoa coffee and of course.

it's very clear every single state used forced labor all of them. in some cases this labor strongly resembled slavery. where they would take people from their villages and pay them almost nothing especially for so-called public works yet. they had to provide for their own food and were later sent back home where some no longer fit in. really between the feel. in this forced labor system missionary's became witnesses to the farmers abuses armies bankrolled by the belgians terrorized villagers and quashed rebellions every bullet was counted and to prove that they had used their weapons efficiently soldiers had to bring back the hands of their victims. a stray bullet meant an innocent could lose a limb. in funny just to feel. they had to justify

domination violence military conquest the 1st civilized society. africans were therefore instilled into accepting the supremacy of europe to accept the civilizing mission europe claim to could undertake in africa. and africa. with its droves of doctors anatomists and colonial it minutes. writers europe used race as a scientific tool to justify its domination africa became a homogenously entity relegated to the very bottom of the human scale. race and the struggle against slavery as principles were the 2 pillars of colonialism. the continuation of racial hierarchies off the emancipation is not remotely

surprising. because it was all there in the ways in which the oppositionists thought the numbers of oppositionists who truly had a conception of african culture african men and women in any way equal to that was relatively small. even the most egalitarian of the population it's assumed that you know british culture is civilized evolved state etc etc i mean that's part of the that's part of our understanding. once they had progressed deep into the african interior the europeans build railways to the coasts at the end of the lines the capitals of the new colonies grew the current blog douala put mark luanda cape town dar es

salaam. oil rubber cocoa and ivory were transported to these ports and then shipped all over the world. at the time of the colonial conquest african rulers with whom the europeans had been trading for 5 centuries were deprived of all their rights.

brazil one of the 1st territories to seal large scale sugarcane fields florida was one of the last to ban slavery on may 13th $888.00 the princess regent of brazil ratified the so-called golden law ending 450 years of afro brazilian enslavement. moving into what is so nice to have you thought yours will but as you don't want a victorious abolitionist movement in brazil was a conservative one led by whites the movement wasn't radical it didn't include black people watching my day job but as you essentially it said that brazil had to progress and civilize itself. progress with us it is this idea of progress and civilization directly depended on the elimination of the barbarity of slavery. yet

at the same time this movement also intended to raise black people from the history of brazil. if. they stay because in a sense they were considered barbarians at the minute in. the writings of rime window nina rodriguez a professor of forensic medicine at the university of illustrate this point. in 8091 he reflected on the destiny of slave descendants. the negro race in brazil will forever constitute one of the factors are inferiority as a people it would be important to time and to what extent this in for yards the lies in the negro populations inability to civilize itself and the whole mixing races compensates this in for your answer.

both the government and the planters wanted to whiten the population of the former to erase any traces of slavery the latter to reduce their dependency on these newly freed workers in 891215000 europeans arrived in brazil 3 times as many people as in the darkest hour of the slave trade human trafficking was replaced by the immigration of millions of poor europeans. racism didn't cause slavery it's the history of racism that stems from that of slavery not the other way around all odds. over the course of 12 centuries an estimated $9.00 to $12000000.00 african captives were transported on the transom herron and eastern brutes from $1516.00 onward in 3 and a half centuries $13000000.00 men women and children were deported to the americas amidst the pillaging abductions famines wars and epidemics this globalisation of

violence caused the death of an estimated 15000000 africans direct and indirect victims of imperialism historians are still evaluating the demographic economic political and social impact of this human tragedy this criminal enterprise unparalleled in scale to this day. i think will truly be making progress when we all accept the history of slavery as all of our history so this through slavery is not black history and it's not just the history of white colonization but the history of human equality is the legacy for all of us and it's a legacy we all must contend with right not a white person only thinking about themselves as the decision of a slave holder but the white person thinking of themselves the descent of a slave to the black person the you themselves a sense of slave holders right thinking that we've inherited the basic structures of these societies right these basic inequalities but what we do with that is up to

us that can really help us move forward as a society. a self optimizing city that minimizes emissions separates. waste and in the best case. can these visions become reality. there. this is the living space of the future with room for everyone. is a prison. 30 minutes w. . the sex as

a culture. to love. what does sex mean to me. and who else does it affect the silence made. by the reception around the place. on w. . the coronavirus pandemic. how has the rate of infection been developing. pleasures or. what does the latest research say. information and context. the coronavirus. monday to friday.

this is the news live from fresh setback for europe's vaccination campaign germany hopes astra zeneca has. coronavirus vaccine for people under the age of 16 the move follows new cases of blood clots. also coming up italy's baby bust birth rates fall to their lowest in over a century is locked down stressed acclaimed.