the number and units. yes it's a. question. but i thought the number 13 funding. this is news and they threw out top stories. a man has rammed into 2 police offices outside the u.s. capitol killing one and injuring the other you also had launched a place with a knife before he was shot did authorities say the attack does not appear to be linked to terrorism. investigators have arrived at the site of taiwan's deadliest train disaster indicates more than 50

people were killed and more than 140 injured when carriages de briles train collided with a truck as it was a merging from a tunnel almost 500 people were on board more than 100 of those didn't have seats. christians have been visiting religious sites in jerusalem to mark good friday while observing coronavirus restrictions among them the church of the holy sapulpa christians believe jesus was crucified. this is news from but then you can follow us on twitter and facebook oisin go to our website to be found at w dot com.

british singer celeste has been called the next queen of soul. for hear about her sudden rise to fame in her own words here on arts and culture and a little later on the show fighting to the death in style the intricately designed armor of ancient rome's collaborators. and also on the show a german city promoting centuries of jewish history with one of europe's oldest synagogue. welcome to arts and culture well not that many debut albums draw as much attention as the one celeste put out earlier this year she says she made the $21.00 tracks on not your muse not for commercial success but just to be how she likes them and it seems a lot of other people like them too this week celeste was nominated for 3 brit awards. behind the scenes with one of britain's biggest new talents

celeste epiphany wait. just a design is simple the cruise making the best out of the pandemic restrictions. on. it's been a year of breakthroughs for the singing despite the. and look. 7 7 i think everyone in the last year and everything has been like somewhere in suspense and i just enjoy what i'm doing really and i think the. the sort of stardom thing is never like the thing at the end of it that i'm like looking to see

what that point looks like or feels like and i guess some people it may seem like in the waiting room i don't really feel like that because i'm still you know chipping away every day doing something and i feel like i'm in my stride of things . like strange. almost like. a song becomes like the map of my understanding of like myself and how i see the world and how i see my

relationships with other people and. i used to write diaries and then i used to write poems and so at the age where i really needed. it could have been anything really it's just music became the thing that presented itself was so fluent to me. california parents. british. teen. fishing village on the edge of a city right. the city. of.

something that had always been so significant even before i started to make music myself was like those times from my granddad he would always usually have like me mr franklin i think it's just like in the c.d.'s in the back of the car and i was hearing i put a spell on you by nina simone for the 1st time and i remember kind of like going like that in my seat because her voice was so deep and it kind of just like through the call put a spell on you. celeste experimented with folk music cause electronic music but she kept coming back to jess and so following in the footsteps of great african-american singers and not just in her music.

the goal was. to. get me one of the i used to what we have the company has trained all the time and one summer i just took out and i saw him i had a friend for the past time and some mothers had come up to me and said all of my daughters have like yours but she feels too shy to kind of take a picture to show her just because just to show her that you know me well you had that thanks. be yourself that's the message of celeste debut album not. since a sudden rise to stardom comparisons to amy winehouse adele and retha franklin have been on avoidable.

now. i guess something that comes with. a heightened level of expectation for where you should always could be it's kind of just up to you to kind of set that aside and make your own way and kind of show people like why you're different. today it's all about music but in ancient rome pop star status was given to the strongest fighters gladiators who battled wild animals and each other to the death to entertain crowds a new exhibition and looks at gladiator history and legend. on

the big screen play alone heroes fighting for justice in reality plenty of us fought for fame money on their own freedom. this exhibition at the national archaeological museum in naples shows the history on display here. helmets and their weapons paintings of gladiators risking their lives. it is mostly came from the fathers reaches of the empire. they were kept at slaves other times they were exogenous but they could also be free men who decided to pursue this career. most just for twice a year at most and yet very few made it past the age of the. there are deadly shows in the in reno where in some ways not so different from big football matches today

. the cheetah have been able to fit all day for you there were many stalls outside the amphitheater selling takeaway food. it was also very noisy there will be music marking the various performances. there's no doubt that gladiators were at the center of ancient rome entertainment industry visitors can now see the park they played in roman society on the museum's website and when italy's code restrictions are lifted in person as well. from italy now to germany where 76 years after the holocaust the city of all sorts is now rediscovering and probably promoting its jewish history the city boasts remnants of jewish communities dating back to the 11th century.

is famous for its medieval city center attracting millions of visitors exploring the city's rich jewish history. it's for this reason that air force is applying to be included on the unesco world heritage list. afterwards old synagogue a major tourist attraction has been very well preserved. it's a bay here has been working on efforts unesco application for over a decade. after art applied because we believe that these edifices are so unique that they should be protected as part of humanity's cultural heritage just even rights because a mentor should we know of many jewish settlements and communities that existed during the middle ages but most remnants of them have vanished this would be got kind of talking some real. time to. rabbi alexander who moved to employ several years ago to become part of the local jewish community reestablished after world

war 2 after its jewish community now has some 800 members with. there is hardly a synagogue anywhere in europe with the has existed as long as this one. that is why i would recommend coming to our 1st of all to see this exceptional synagogue. the synagogue cellar boasts a vast collection of 13th century gold and silver coins jewelry and other items. up stairs in the former ball room historic hebrew manuscripts are on display. next to a medieval jewish back or mix discovered in central air force in 2007. major construction work was needed after

a section of the riverbank wall collapsed because we discovered vestiges of an old cellar in the process. we continue digging and found brick work not found in any cellars in this city. doesn't quality it was clear at that point we had found a mikvah. for. the city's so-called stone house isn't far. back to the 13th century it was once home to jewish residents. the city began carefully analyzing the stone edifice in 2015 feet ceilings feature unique will themed paintings which were created by the residents. here over 100 gravestones from the former jewish cemetery on display. afterwards jewish medieval heritage could make it onto the unesco list the 1st in

germany. and this year germany is celebrating 1700 years of jewish history keep turning into arts and culture and check out d w dot com slash culture for more i'll leave you now with the royal opera chorus in the london in their 1st performance all together and a year and you may recognize the anvil chorus from various opera it's about dotty season. the big.

w. crime fighters are back with africa's most successful radio drama series continues in the all of us odes are available online course you can share and discuss song w. africa's facebook and other social media platforms crime fighters tune in now. and you hear me no no yes we don't need you and i last years gentle soft sound women bring you i'm going to mask off as you've never caught haven't surprise yourself with what is possible who is medical really what moves and all set up who talk to people who follow along the way maurice and critics alike join us the metal saw stocks.

over the centuries the slave trade forged new worlds and devastated others as violence subjugation and profit imposed their own roots the slave system created the greatest accumulation of wealth the world ever seen up to that look to. the late 18th century saw the slave trade reach its pinnacle with over 100000 captives abducted and deported every year. at the streams of human domination even in slavery we find there is always resistance there is always tension and there's always struggle. at the dawn of the 19th century the brutality of the transatlantic slave trade brought about its decline europeans had to find alternative means of accumulating wealth after abolition be expanded the limits a concept of slavery. brazil

bears the legacy of slavery is finally years right as the slave trade was banned a 2nd wave of captives from africa were swept up in the bay of rio de janeiro over 2000000 slaves landed there during the 1900 century making rio the largest slave trade port in the world. people in brazil graph are going to front makes it very clear that brazil. are the 2nd largest african country in the world where only country rose more people of african descent. brazil is my juror.

in certain neighborhoods however it's simply being young black and poor it can get you shot dead in the middle of the street over the past decade the rio police have been carrying out regular raids in favelas on the pretext of ridding slums of crime these operations have made brazil the world leader in police violence against the black population. for us it for them will always be poor black for vela people never see is any other way it's an issue walk in front of them we're all criminals people stare at us because of our hair because of our we live there prejudiced but it's tough because they've got the power and will always be a minority community. to

. 130 years after the abolition of slavery after brazilians are still by far the country's poorest community 2nd class citizens in a world divided along color lines. think it's very important for people to realize that for 1820 for every european that traveled across the atlantic there were probably 4 africans. but i don't think anyone had any idea of that whole of the history of the americas written in terms of european settlement. in the late 18th century africans and mixed race creole descendants constituted the overwhelming majority of the population in brazil venezuela and the caribbean the only presence of africans in the society was

depicted in watercolor aspire french botanist during his stay in rio among the white population this massive presence of slaves fed fears of conspiracy poisoning and murder. everywhere whites were a minority they had slaves in their kitchen in their living quarters everywhere they were the majority so there was this constant fear that they'd collectively mobilize to kill the whites. and here at the heart of the new world those fears were actually materializing in the form of uprisings among the slave population by 791 and had become a powder keg primed to ignite and potentially destroy the entire slave system from the america all the way back to europe 45000 new african captives landed every year on the coast of this french island colony where slaves made up 90 percent of the

population. after the $789.00 revolution in france the declaration of the rights of man rang out like a rallying cry for the newly arrived captives. their slaves looted coachmen for minute cetera you felt that the whites were no longer in control of the situation but their power headway and they were only a few troops left the time had come to rebel. and rebel they did it began on august 22nd 791 with accounts from that night describing a tempestuous storm. slaves gathered at work a man. to listen to the prayers of a voodoo priest does and plan for insurrection. although it's unclear whether this clandestine ceremony actually occurred the date nevertheless marked the unleashing of a revolution that would sweep aside the entire plantation system. god

who created the. created the sun. god who holds up the ocean. who makes the thunder. god who has ears to hear you who are hidden in the clouds who watches from where you are. you see all that the white has made us suffer. the white man's god asks him to commit crimes but the god within us who wants to do good in. our god who is. just orders us to repent our wrong. he who will direct our arms and bring us the victory it's he who will assist us we all should trim away the image of the white man's god who is so pitiless listen to

the voice for liberty that speaks in all our hearts. let's say and we need to work for you all also ramoni called upon it and such strong african day to us. it's important to know that who was president each stage of the struggle against the colonial slave system that's. it was the voodoo religion that eventually united all the slaves who sought clear in the last song this is this cover the war of liberation would last 12 years the resulting slave army was led by. duty. the man and francois to sound the former coach driver was dubbed into that tool for his capacity to open up enemy lines the so-called black jacobins named after the revolutionary movement in france inflicted a 1st defeat for new french leader napoleon. the slaves also repelled subsequent

british attempts to reconquer the island in $1804.00 the 1st black republican history was born in haiti derived from the indigenous arawak name for the island the word freedom now resonated throughout the world and with it fears of the revolutions spreading across the americas. it was a revolution made by slaves that had world historical consequences that slave real revolution in send the main destroy the most productive colony in the in the world in a time when there's demographic growth and increasing demand for slave produce commodities half the world's production was withdrawn from the world market by the haitian revolution so not only is there expansion there's a huge hole in this horse sources of supply so that reconfigured the whole the platic economy. by the time you're

a woke up from the haitian nightmare 10000 white inhabitants had already fled the island. plantation owners quickly found new lands to settle in and partners eager to capitalize on their knowledge of intensive farming. sugar in cuba cotton in the u.s. and coffee in brazil. the freedom slaves had acquired in haiti had a paradoxical consequence it consolidated slavery all over the american continent. in rio's hinterlands the power either valley used to be covered with impenetrable primary forests today the mountainsides or bare trees were cleared on mass in the early 1900 centuries to make way for intensive coffee farming a new source of wealth.

as good for the others a vote by you but the large fires and the farms in the pot i have a valley had up to 90 percent 1st generation african slaves. maidens basket that went in a very short time are practically uninhabited area was very rapidly populated with countless slaves working on the fountains with the harp in them and. some plantation owners possessed up to a 1000 slaves all applied a scientific organization of labor rigorous accounts were kept of each day's activities output per slave became the fundamental principle guiding plantation

organization. everything was built around the coffee drying grounds the slaves had to go out in groups in the morning to plant or to pick and the big plantations they had slave quarters enclosed barracks with one entrance and so that it looks like a car so situation was really hard to escape. the other reason is you could get the slaves up all that once in the morning and then as they marched out the gate you could give them their tools. for the space organizers the flow of labor. every thing has a function so that you don't even have to watch the slaves because you know what they're supposed to be. so it's a kind of industrial production producing industrial raw materials for the

factories of britain and new mass consumption markets so there's a huge transformation of production which means for the slaves it's much more exploitative the output per slave those up 10 times is an average of each of those crops from what i've been in the 18th century. 9000 kilometers away from europe these men and women where the hidden face of the industrial revolution. the world was changing in the early 19th century europe was urbanizing and amassing more and more wealth money flowed freely and london was now the world's economic at the center in the british capital a growing middle class flocked to the new department stores over looking at the

satin dresses combs ivory umbrellas and sweets they purchased with the fruits of slave labor. there's a distinction between what's happening in the colonial societies and what's happening in the much upon societies and the metropolitan policy makers. begin to disavow what's happening in the colonies in some ways and they stop recognizing that kind of violence as their own violence slavery is the opposite of liberal freedom so britain as the barrier of freedom has to say slavery is wrong british abolition of the slave trade is the greatest justification say well we're really disinterested it's not for intra economic motors but for ideological motives we're for freedom.

but this world was looking for less precarious investments buying stakes in british cotton mills was indeed far less incriminating. there was no mas the plan in setting up the global economy as we see it today they were just you know manufacturers in britain developing new machines these machines suddenly needed much more cock so they tried to buy this somewhere they didn't really care where it came from but the place where they found it where they were able to buy huge quantities at ever cheaper prices this was in the americas and this was eventually in the united states. in this new industrial society the supply of raw materials was the key to success from an economic perspective the world's leading financial power no longer needed the slave trade. in 1807 britain

resolved to abolish the transatlantic slave trade. the thing that i think also needs to be said is that this was not simple altruism on the part of great britain in other words it wasn't simply the humanitarianism of the abolition movement it's that britain did not want other imperial rivals to have the benefit of slave labor when in fact they didn't. in $815.00 armed with its naval supreme a c britain imposed the cessation of the slave trade on its commercial rivals as abolition took effect among the leading european slave powers the decision gradually shut down the northern atlanta slave trade routes but it also set off fresh deportations to end within countries where slave ownership was still prevalent by grouping together the captives born on its soil the united states was also about to enter a new era of slavery

a fairly small percentage of the people brought over to the americas in the slave trade actually came to north america probably 345 percent and yet by the time you get 219-182-5838 very large percentage of the a slave population is in the united states because of natural population growth so that is a very important part of the story thomas jefferson for example who advocated closing the slave trade did so at least in part because he knew that the slaves that he was going to sell from his plantations into the new plantation regions would become more more valuable with the closing of the slave trade. cotton farming concentrated most of the country slave labor along the banks of the mississippi by foot or by boat sold or brought by their owners $1000000.00 slaves

from new york baltimore washington and st louis were deported down south of new orleans and natchez became massive slave markets. after brazil the united states became the new land of industrial slavery. most. people were between 14 and 22. they were sold single and they were roughly of a bias to mation half the men have women so if you think about that here young people taken out of their families out of their communities ship a 1000 miles away to really a very exploitative place where they have to form their own communities and their own families from scratch because that all the cut military that they had in their lives with such as it was was taken away. plantation

owners saw 2 options for increasing their human life stock buying captives of both sexes and inciting unions so that they would reproduce. the reproductive capacity the conception of children the bearing of children to term the raising of children has many meanings one of them is an economic meaning for slave holders and for the slave economy in general. ringback women's wombs were now part of the production system as their masters enjoyed complete dominion over them. rape is very common. one of the most important stories that we have is that of a young woman named celia celia lived in central missouri on a small farm and she was brought there at the age of 14 and endured

3 years of rape sexual assault by her own or poor 3 children she eventually kills her owner and is tried for murder there in central missouri and while she is ultimately convicted of murder and executed she's convicted because by law she's not permitted to. assert self-defense and slave woman but no one disputes that she was raped. to procure slaves brazil had to opt for another strategy perpetuating the slave trade but this time by what were now illegal means. despite britain's efforts to put an end to the slave trade it mushroomed in the southern hemisphere within 35 years over 2 and a half 1000000 men women and children were transferred from west africa to

plantations all over the world they were soon joined 540-0000 captives on the continent eastern coast where the main market was in santa barbara. if you look from 815 to let's about around 85855. there were actually more slaves transported across the atlantic did it in the equivalent time in the history of the slave trade at the time is supposed to be dying. in. the indian ocean is one of the oldest commercial exchange zones in the world africa and the east have been trading here for over 2000 years ivory food products and clothes changed hands along these routes as well as african captives.

driven by western demand zanzibar became a strategic crossroads it was here that one of the world's last slave trade ports was about to develop. zanzibar developed in the bank in century largely as a major center of trade. but also became the center of a large commercial empire something of zanzibar controlled not only zines about but tried to control the whole course like. by 860 s. something like 20000 slaves water coming through the ones about but of these slaves 800-6000 maybe. what exported out.

in the eyes of philanthropists from the biggest slave trading nations britain and france others were now to blame for the cruelty and ignominious slavery. in zanzibar the others were arid and swahili traitors. and then slavery became the criteria for creating a hierarchy the states of the americas including the united states were less than britain because they could live with slavery the brazilians the cubans were morally corrupt because they weren't bothered by by coexisting with the evils of slavery so they were they were on a lower standard than the british. africans were ruled out. the

world map was redrawn to distinguish and lightened powers from what were considered half civilised countries barbarian kingdoms and lands populated by savages religions political regimes and degree of cultural development made of a value system used to rank peoples around the world according to these standards slavery had become a backward practice unworthy of a civilized nation merely fighting the slave trade was no longer enough slavery itself had to be eradicated with this global surge in abolition slavery and institution as old as humanity found itself on the retreat. it began in the former spanish colonies. then came the british colonies followed by the french and finally dutch territories. and all the victory of the abolitionists all slavery become

a thorny issue for the united states or at how could they renounce slavery when the american economy was dependent on southern plantation owners in this wealthy elite often considered themselves as the heirs to greco roman civilization which legitimate slavery many were eager to make the connection expressing it in the architecture and interior decoration of their lavish homes for them slavery was a mainstay of the social order. eventually the clash over slavery became one of the primary factors that saw the south attempt to secede from the united states in 1981 the country was plunged into a devastating civil war nearly 200000 african-americans and rolled in the northern union army. for african-americans the war is

a war for abolition from the start be they enslaved people who watch who wait who take their opportunities at every chance during the war to further the union's interest or free african-americans a half 1000000 of them in the north many of whom will raise troops volunteer themselves for the union forces raise money and care for black soldiers when the union army fails to do so. hard. that we. hold. $865.00 after 4 years of destructive warfare the us declared the abolition of slavery. at last

they would claim their place amongst the supposedly more enlightened nations of the world. you. will know. her. work as gain their freedom but this freedom is very. very limited and it's especially limited economically and of course then the reconstituted state governments of the american south they are deeply repressive and they are deeply interested in fixing workers to places not allowing them to work in other sectors of the economy. freedom as essential in name only in the u.s. as well as in france or jamaica laws for bidding for treatment of freed slaves were

promulgated they were denied their rights to vote to legitimate self-defense and denied freedom of movement many of those who protested were killed those who refused to work were jailed and sentenced to forced labor. race itself without slavery gets reconfigured through the loss through the courts through political practices and race itself is does that justify slavery race itself is the basis for confining the now freed population to the south producing the same crops under conditions that are really not free and if what they become a cheap labor force subject to social discipline in control so has a social dimension but also a production to measure. the concept of race bound former slaves to specific territories legally confining them to get out those

without any hope of escape former slaves where from then on subjugated by virtue of their skin color violence committed by any white person against any black person was permitted by law. with emancipation in the united states in $865.00 with the end of the so. the war 4000000 cotton growers enslaved cotton growers when their freedom europeans by the 806870 is try to find ways to secure a carton and one of the places they begin to look at is the continent of africa which has a very long history of cotton agriculture. the abolition of slavery had unexpected repercussions in africa in the eyes of europeans the emancipation of former slaves

concentrated along the coast of africa justified sending in their armies the belgians then the french settled on the western coast the british followed in nigeria and on the eastern coast all in the name of progress and the good of humanity. about the fight against the slave trade in zanzibar led to control than occupation moves in us although initially there was no intent to colonize this fight against the slave trade almost inevitably led to colonial occupation. wherever britain intervened it applied pressure to put an end to the selling of slaves. in $873.00 it negotiated the abolition of the slave trade with the sultan of zanzibar.