and in any case who would benefit from it in order to answer that question or they can no man wants to learn a lot more about clown formation this measuring device attached to a balloon uses a laser to examine individual cloud particles it's not clear that thinning out serious pounds in central europe would have an overall benefit and if the seeding was done incorrectly it might cause even more cirrus to form but perhaps this method of halting warming would be effective in the far north. of the inside it would definitely make sense to seed arctic service clouds especially in the winter olympics because they have no sunlight during the winter months so it would really just be canceling out their warming effects and yes we want to preserve the arctic sea ice of course but there are economic interests in the arctic being never so who wins out. manipulating the warming serious

clowns who still fearing but making funda clowns rain down in order to prevent damage from hail has long been practiced in germany so called hell fires like whole get macone show that weather isn't just a question of faint so what's in there or go oh. you've got the liquid and acetone solution with 3 percent silver iodide and. the other got a collar and a valve controlled from inside. the hind is a combustion chamber and there's an atom miser now it's all where the mixture ignites. these days people across the world manipulate the weather china has a huge government agency that sends rockets into the clouds how and whether the silver iodide works hasn't been conclusively proven a problem. he creates more ice crystals which become rain. since launch scale held

damage in the area around dawn now and xing on in 2006 there have been no more instances in the region which to dover led to the figure that because of turbulence the plane gets cold upwards and also pushed downwards that can cause stalling you have to make sure the structure doesn't get overloaded avoid that the clouds don't pull you into areas where you aren't in control and you have a. whole good macone finds where other pilots wouldn't he tries to spread the silver iodide into drafts that way it can rise and get distributed into the cloud from a bomb. in one sense climate is nothing but the sum of weather events to change the climate weather has to be manipulated on a large scale and permanently hellfires only end to influence weather on

a local level. but beyond that vibration it's what we're doing isn't exactly geo engineering or. it's more like protection or trying to change the material state from solid to liquid in that sense the impact on the atmosphere is relatively small relative giving it but in general i don't think it's a good idea to interfere with the weather globally instead of the one out. by the islands but the guys they're letting a genie out of the bottle and it could have its revenge if things change to the point where people can't control it anymore i don't think anyone wants to experience that. people will probably be prepared to take bigger and bigger risks as the effects of climate change while some. graziers are melting everywhere

like the on the edge here in the swiss alps the mountains a crumbling. village on the sickly a monteverdi one day when i think of the climate and global warming i also think of all these steep mountains where rock falls and landslides going to happen i worry about the people who live there and if. switzerland is one of the european countries most affected by climate change. only if you want to glacier yes you know who go right someone has been observing the on edge for a long time over the last 6 to 8 years the glazier melts has again accelerated enormously. so melts each side of the glaciers terminus has receded 3 kilometers sense $870.00 now it loses an average of 50 or 60 meters of length a year to meet the poor sometimes $100.00. so all those this size fits all how many years until it's completely gone shrewdness. based on models i think in 80

years it'll be a long way so really tiny. about a president maybe you're hardly with us to think and it hurts to think of a glacier like this which is huge and very beautiful and picture it being gone. the effects of. the mounting grazing isn't just an especially big problem the mountain where on the most flu has started to move an incredible 150000000 cubic meters of rock has become to slide since 2012 it's happening faster and faster cracks of forming dozens of meters deep in time mountain could come down on the glazier before humans began warming the won't the on that was about 400 meter. think i feel that i use 400 metres of ice gives about 30 bars of pressure

so that 30 bar pushed against the mountain dew because that pressure has now gone as the glaciers melted the mountain is sliding down to the glaciers terminus it's just sliding away and its own unimaginable forces. it's almost 2 kilometers wide and 1.3 kilometers long and then everything is moving that's unbelievably big . red so listens to the mountains using geophones g.p.s. devices measure the displacement while satellites observe with radar even if the great catastrophe combi stopped the swiss want to be prepared when the mountain collapses they spend 250000000 swiss francs a year on securing them on tins this is only. in the wall for us as nationalists what's happening is extremely striking because you rarely see it it's unbelievable that new fractures are occurring not only in existing weak areas but

also right across the goodnights the hard sell. that the. major is telling us something saying don't turn the heat up any more right right like we're being shown how it will be if we keep on like this yeah. getting the genie back into the bottle here is no easy thing in peru researches are asking how the oceans might help a survived a climate catastrophe there also and so on the ocean is such a fascinating and beautiful habitat you know what's on the so i worry that my grandchildren won't be able to experience it and its beauty and all its richness and for literally. for marine research or of rebus now the plan isn't to cool off by reducing some might. not to mitigate the greenhouse effect itself. he wants to influence the oceans in such

a way that they absorb greenhouse gases from the atmosphere and so reduce the very thing that causes temperatures to rise. as a naked guy so do you do trust us just i'm excited about the idea some listen to the many people it might sound a bit like playing god let's but after all and change so much on land do you feel they were wildly active and don't think twice about land clearing here or creating another manmade ecosystem their system all forward but when it comes to the sea we find it hard to say why we shouldn't make sensible changes for this. the oceans are already a gigantic c o 2 reservoir 50 times larger than the atmosphere they already absorb a quarter of our greenhouse gases is that the limits of the oceans potential or is

it possible to make them do a little more. it's like revisit our head some international research group of 60 scientists and technicians they want to understand how climate change is affecting the special current system off peru. that's best of us the best thing we can do now is to really tap these options and not wait any longer because in 10 years we're going to have to start employing them in 10 years we'll have to begin climate engineering measuring these so-called negative emission technologies going on somehow getting c o 2 from the atmosphere and storing it somewhere else otherwise we're not going to achieve the climate target set in paris which technically not to have. proof revisit d.n.a. is to want to officially create a system like the natural one caused by the home bolt current off peru which

ensures rich algae growth fish and other marine animals benefit to a small government it's an incredibly productive system here nutrient rich water from the deaths is brought up through what's called upwelling a sense that creates a lot of phytoplankton growth leading to a very efficient food chain the vault. could it be replicated as a kind of global and conditioning system to access the deep water hoses up to 100 meters long would be lowered into the sea. the cold nutrition rich water would be pumped up once floating wind turbines could provide the required energy. when it reaches the surface the deep water would cool yeah but above all it would fertilize the layout of water climbed on would begin to grow absorbing c o 2 from the ass and when it die and it would take the greenhouse gas with it into

the depths. there's already a lot of upwelling here but the question is could we do it in regions that are completely unproductive to say we call them oceanic deserts they're not dry but they're nutrient poor so nothing grows they make up a good 50 percent of the oceans the so-called deserts. the idea we're looking into is this if you artificially create upwelling there you could absorb more c o 2 and you could also boost the fishing yoked. there would have to be thousands of the systems in the oceans to make a real difference. limas military force or free bizarro shows us his experimental sent ops the aim of his research is to better understand. marine food chains.

he calls the floating ranks mizo calls on. this is walk on to officials systems for the op whiling of deep water would look like. to share a smoke pot technically speaking it's possible the question is whether we want to do it part of the potential of the oceans is huge the supply of nutrients in the ocean depths is virtually an exhaustible not so on our ships. or 3 bizarre hopes that a significant portion of human made greenhouse gases could be absorbed into the oceans in this way his experiments have already yielded an important finding in order to absorb more c o 2 than is transported upwards from the deep water in the pumps in the hose systems should be repeatedly switched on and off this technique would achieve a 4 fold increase in the c o 2 uptake of the oceans in these areas as a positive side effect fish populations would also be stimulated. but

nothing stays on the seabed forever it would be a case of buying time time we desperately need so far governments have been saying gauged with the topic of jarrah engineering there are important questions to be answered like who would decide what measures to pursue who would bang the un the right institution so what i'm worried about is that my granddaughter who is just 2 months old she will live to the end of the century and i don't want her to live in a world where somebody else decides to spray into the stratosphere and cool the planet without aster. pashto or lives on like geneva he was the right hand man to un secretary general ban ki moon now he had so non-governmental initiative fighting to increase the political awareness. geo engineering. scientific technical engineering issues related to these new technologies are sometimes quite

challenging but the governance issues are even more challenging this is part of the culture of managing climate risks that we have to think about we need options probably and we need more and we need them sooner because we are in. individual nations manipulated solar radiation on their own yet lost passion or fear is that it could unbalance the climate in other countries. what is a plausible scenario is that a country that is baby badly affected by climate change for example a group of small island countries will fix it if they decide to do it and solar radiation modification is at least a direct costs scientists tell us it's not that expensive so as

a medium sized country could do it and wealthy individual could do it to save the world could be done by a major nation today yes. which brings in problems right of course but but that's true of all sorts of things so there are lots of things in this world that can be done you know a lot of these data are done a bit you're going to look people see them and i and say the u.s. government you know will do this unilaterally but it will be fair to the whole world you know i don't think that that's i don't think that's just that's a realistic scenario $6000.00 vets unable to take advantage of the weather is something that of course gives the nation an advantage if they can do it but i think it's already being done today because the moment you see drill outs to make it rain and then the water that might have been bound for a neighboring country is gone but on call you have a company that can come and go you know in the same way that arms dealers go around the world and say oh well. if you want to if you want to be safe you know buyer technology. such unilateral efforts could jeopardize the

climate of a neighboring country although the intergovernmental panel on climate change has warned of the risks it doesn't rule out geo engineering as a last result which is something the intergovernmental panel on climate change says must in order to prevent global temperatures from rising century after century. home c o 2 that humanity has released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels has to be removed. we've come to iceland to find out how. in iceland's not just geothermal power plant it's already being achieved on a small scale. what i'm most afraid to offer when it comes to climate change is not we will have a large global refugee problem not it will turn nations against each other this is

class was from climb while tests it's technology it's like a vacuum with circuit in here they see 02 is sort of sticks to our surface of a specific chemical that's in the ceiling that they're on the. and then we get the c o 23 air out on this side. so it all comes through here and it lowers it from 400000000 from 2 to less than 100 to less than 100 you know. that's really how i mean the concentration of c o 2 is a very little in the air but still yeah it's very little woods which makes thought if they're cut your. think of a bigger technological challenge than putting c o 2 from point sources. c o 2 filters all walk in a similar wire. there's nothing new about crime watch technology the chemical processes are based on i mean it's derivatives of ammonia but combined with c

o 2 when the i mean math a full day heated then they release the c o 2 for final storage the process is repeated thousands of times but the method called carbon capture is very energy intensive each ton of c o 2 filtered from the. 2 and a half 1000 kilometer hours of energy a huge amount so it only makes sense in places with lots of excess renewable energy or waste heat like here in iceland with its infinite geothermal energy. in your magic on earth where we have hundreds of thousands of these machines yeah i can mr you can i can yeah. i can i can imagine such a world where we start to think really locate those units we had we have the favorable theological conditions but of course you see as it has to make sense of

course but i mean i guess we have to we have to thank big and we have to act big if we are to be successful in getting one to. match one be cheap each ton of c o 2 filtered by climb walks costs about $500.00 euro and walk them where do we push it the researchers in iceland have found a spectacular with a copper thinks experiment the 1st baptist to dissolve the c o 2 and won't water like soda so we inject down to kilometer to 2 kilometer that. on top of that sits 800 meter of ground water. meaning what we have very high pressure much higher pressure than in here needed to keep everything the salt so not is there more or less there is a there. live. there in this cave in here and then we have

really the very exciting chemistry happening as well because what it quickly the c o 2 interacts with the bizarre it's so in less than 2 years it's turned into a new type of rock and you know once it's rock it's just it's not going anywhere. contains lots of calcium magnesium and i am these minerals reacts with the greenhouse gas theoretical storage capacity of the softs on earth are the a minimum an order of magnitude larger than c o 2 that we would image if we would were all source and see all available. which we hope will never happen so far just 12000 times or so you know to power yeah i'm buried here. to make a difference the number would have to be in the billions concern for the state of the art is want striving scientists and conservationists might christiane transfer

. but her approach to preserving the beauty of nature could hardly be more different she wants swathes of nature to be restored as much as possible to the way they were before human intervention. so when we bought this ranch. all of the knuckle were forced into the high grounds because this was all use for grazing lifestyle. so this was a big fight. between ranchers and conservationists but still it's in argentina that. ranchers see when i go to those competitors and they want to get rid of them everywhere around the world there's this inherent conflict between conservation and so. oh heavens almost everywhere really. the

patagonia park shows want challenges have to be overcome to turn back the clock and save what could still be sanct. 600 kilometers of fences had to be removed 30000 sheep solved roads dismantled and trees planted. it took more than 10 years just for the grasses to return. bringing back 1000 animals has proven to be difficult and. there's now been success with the endangered andean dmn humus are also back. after species have to be bred back into the area. here on the argentinean border of the park birds $1000.00 of only to south america are being raised. nando's. they had

completely disappeared from this area. to the creatures are flightless their feathers other am only to warm them through the chilly patagonian winter. $6900.00 have already been released into the wild the plan is for a population of $100.00 it requires huge effort to retrieve what was once lost. the impacts of climate change the loss of top predators and how that is a cascading effect over all habitat and how it affects human well being as well all those things. it's not something that is going to happen in the future it's happening now you know a lot of people don't believe that's true but then not believing it doesn't make it

any less true are we going to survive actually if you look at that process we've been through to the earth the damage i don't think that's the question i think that's a very anthropocentric question are we going to survive i don't think all of us will why is that why are we doing this. as the question and all the answers at the moment anyway lead me to think that where willing to risk everything so that we can have our 2nd refrigerator i have now you know and that's why people young people and old people are in the streets. because how dare you as says. and chris tomkins

herself has now exemption if the younger generation isn't to end up being forced into using geo engineering then climate protection efforts must increase dramatically. and yet the very prospect of technical solutions could stop me efforts to carbon c o 2 emissions it's a certainty that some people who want to fight against emissions or us like big oil or false originations may exploit the work we're doing exaggerating how well this works flawlessly true enough with lies claim that we don't need to cut emissions that's of course complete nonsense we do have to cut emissions but i don't think the fact that people will put it we explored this a little bit is a reason that we should feel hear no evil see no evil try to pretend there's nothing here. at the hoffman i haven't given up hope that will turn things around in time then is the end if we do i think it'll be

responsible to do some geo engineering for a time all just to flash in this peak of the warming a little bit easier to have albums. i'd say temporary solar radiation management because removing c o 2 from the atmosphere will have to be done over a long time as all the cea to leave a message has to be taken out of the atmosphere held would one of the days geo engineering the terms geo engineering is a misnomer will never understand it in terms of going in there like engineers only has to feel our way and learn as we go and we'll have to be able to stop at any time without it coming back to bite us all still that's a basic that fireman to toss out so i'll only consider such measures if we know for sure we can stop without negative consequences adama telling suba helped him a touch of the social. sciences an ambiguous existing measures on to not to keep the. i'm stable so it's probably only a matter of time until radical geo engineering comes into play hard we

are in the next few years and it's really sort of a thought tipping point the whole thing's 100 miles on all of that if we are ready to drastically change our way of living on it there was in museums. put a lot of effort into movies filters but hot available but we need to apply that. she would scale and if we do that that we are is that we will be successful. to destroy beauty to actually destroy families. both from around. to contest which is of course what's up with and it's going to change. the breakdown of social structures in the school and so. on there is a bonus in the goodness. rests in all of us in the end if

we're paying attention we should start swinging back the other direction. to take on. a good celebration during the college. friend predict each poster to stay on course for the champions of. trauma in the relegation zone. this is 2 minds in the last seconds and that's when it's time for the states. here's the kicker. in 30 minutes on d w. by our side when life comes to. corona

has drastically changed death richard. ringback how are people coping with it. is it possible to die with dignity while practicing social distancing. we take a look the corona virus and its victims close up. in 90 minutes on d w. i subscribe to g.w. books you meet your favorite writer the things i like to see myself as the style in the strange grown up world deal we both are new to. the fight against the coronavirus pandemic. how has the rate of infection been developing.

what measures are being taken. what does the latest research say. information and context. the coronavirus of data the code of special monday to friday on g.w. . this is data we're news and these are our top stories. police in the us city of minneapolis say an officer who shot dead a black man confused her gun with her taser stun weapon relatives have identified the victim as 20 year old dante wright a white minneapolis police officer is currently on trial charged with the murder of george floyd last year. israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu has insisted that iran will never be.