how does a virus spread. through the town. and. if you would like any information on the drawing of virus or any science topic you should really check out our podcast so you can get it wherever you can get your podcast you can also find us and. science. we humans can be very consistent we demand the most exotic of holiday destinations expected to be unspoiled but don't put much thought into the carbon footprint of

our flight halfway around the globe a mate of mine is headed for the tropical paradise of the boulder is chosen an island a little further away from the capital to avoid seeing the plumes of smoke that rise from all the rubbish they've done a lot of which comes from asterism out of sight out of mind but deep down we know it's there still we'd like to believe the promises industry make about going green that's a topic today on mate business. i was promised pristine beaches and crystal clear waters when i took a trip to lunch in malaysia a few years back the island lived up to part of the deal it was absolutely beautiful but it didn't take long to stumble across the type of plastic waste that causes a painful death of marine mammals of course it also ends up in many fish which end up on our plates not that appetizing well some companies are trying to divert those ocean plastics into something more profitable how about

a pair of running shoes made out of the stuff. looks at the truth behind a very effective marketing ploy. saving the ocean by buying new recycled products. for example with these. drugs. right there in that scale there's no such thing as recycled ocean plastic. so is recycling ocean plastic actually or is it just another lousy green washing method that companies. if you go shopping today recycle products are literally everywhere and the holy grail is recycled products from the. coca-cola laughs to use marine plastic for their marketing as well with their ocean ultra boost sneaker i mean these ads

really make me believe that i can see the ocean by drinking a coke or buying a new sneaker but once you start looking into it there isn't really that much collecting of actual ocean plastic going on. in the ocean you will have a really hard time getting it out again even when it's near the surface. you really wish it would be the. surprise is. even close. sure you can deploy boats that fish for plastic but this is all very expensive and relative to the millions of tons of plastic that are already in the ocean most boats only retrieve 2 tons maximum per day. even projects backed by millions of dollars struggle this tube was supposed to get rid of 90 percent of plastic in the ocean but it didn't work and the focus was shifted to rivers instead

. once you will get the plastic out of the ocean you'll have dozens of different types of plastic to sort through like these last fishing nets that professor gillion gak or try to recycle for a research project. it's well worth. seeing. this batch is presorted but it's still a mess we need to separate out further. as we do one. on the left side. sorting these nets according to their color is one thing but they also need to be cut down to recycle them but these really won't give up easily. and it's really like your scissor. made out of wood. even recycling the stuff that

we throw in our planes is pretty pretty hard like i found out in my last video. but this is really different. especially because ocean plastic has been degraded by salt and sunlight so it uses a lot of its original quality. ok next step would be get rid of dirt oh this is. even tiny amount of sand seaweed or shells can make plastic non-recyclable. round about 5 percent it's really to use every sector can work with so if we give them the material to somebody who makes pellets out of it they say not more than 5 percent of currencies that's pretty clear. even when cleaned industrial leaves sand

can still be found on a microscopic level. which is why i know a lot of cases products contain a mix of ocean plastic and other recycled material but the ocean plastic can only be a tiny tiny fraction of this bland but the airds still look like this. all of these products are made with nylon from because even the company markets its yard like it's made from actual marine litter such as discarded fishing nets known as ghost here. things that are made from a community which are made from ari love made from gold here and there is. literally you know both products are very very very let less than a percent less than a personal maybe. environmental scientist on the asteroid that has been in contact

with several times about its problematic messaging in an e-mail told me that ocean plastic only represents a small part of it. for our next recycling step we had to use material prepared by professor gates and gallacher otherwise we would have been cutting here for days . these plastic pellets have been turned into a letter opener. so this is the final product and after all these steps we have just seen with us you can imagine how expensive such a opener than this. i would say one round about 200 euros. it's really each step. which these products are and they are made in the dust really but are about the same price as non ocean plastic products this only works by using very little ocean plastic or

plastic that hasn't actually been in the ocean. right now. there is no such thing as recycled ocean plastic. an international distributor for something called an ocean bound plastic the term refers to plastic waste that is found within 50 kilometers of coastlines and is likely to end up in the ocean it applies exclusively to countries with poor waste management systems. and when you dig a little way way deeper you'll find that a lot on the company's website. land based ocean bound plastic is everywhere. this makes it a lot easier to collect and process than plastic that has actually been in the ocean so it's cheap. let's look at prices per ton for that version of plastic cost

$762.00 euros and recycled plastic goes for about $870.00 euros ocean bound plastic is around $922.00 ropes. this seems relatively affordable compared to actual ocean plastic judging from the 200 year old letter opener so production costs are likely to be much higher if real ocean plastic is used. there is no need for brands to overreach their marketing beyond what is such a powerful story of cleaning up our coastlines and supporting coastal communities why do we have to pretend that it's actually coming out of the ocean instead of just saying what it is and delivering to customers on a. like who marketed the oceans. as made from actual ocean plastic when in fact ocean bound plastic was used to produce the ship even smaller

companies have difficulty with the plastic actually comes from got back the german backpack manufacturer at the time says its products as creates a trump actual ocean plastic they use a network of fisherman and women who collect plastic and buy. but as of now they haven't certified this production so we don't really know if it's. plastic but we do know recycling only works as a last resort and using ocean ocean found instead of virgin plastic is a small win for the environment just not as big as some companies want you to believe so really look at what you're buying the fine print yes be that annoying person embrace it otherwise your good intentions will probably just say that. at this point the cynics among us may feel justified in leaning back and saying oh

that recycling racket makes no difference anyway the plastic will end up in my fish fingers no matter what but there is a lot of evidence to show recycling makes a difference here's a look at the virtues of the circular economy which isn't much different from the way nature operates. but is this economy. goodbye to that empty to go cup on the way to work. farewell to that pair of worn out shoes the not so long. our daily lives are dominated by a relentless round of production and consumption in the process we waste valuable resource squandering finite commodities like oil gas and smash holes. throwing things away creates a lot of trash and harmful emissions. maybe we should look to nature as an example

it works in cycles plants grow and die they need transfer into the ground and the process starts all over again can't we create cycles in which today's products become the raw materials of tomorrow absolutely this principle is known as a circular economy. the goal is to preserve commodities reduce carbon emissions and avoid mountains of trash. most high tech electronic devices contain rare earth elements and precious metals so a broken t.v. can be used to make the latest tablet but it's not always so simple certain products like batteries for example are chock full of chemicals and valuable will materials that aren't so easy to bring back into the cycle separating all those parts from each other is costly and labor intensive but the process works well with p.t. bottles germans use about 17000000000 of them annually. p.e.t.a.'s an artificial substance made from crude oil and natural gas. cycle begins with the production of

p.t. particles subsequently they fold up and end up on supermarket shelves before being sold once their contents are consumed they're then deposited into bottle recycling machines in recycling centers they turned into granny lit which is used as the basis for new products such as new p.t. bottles shopping bags and football jerseys and that's how 100 percent of the recycled p.t. bottles end up back in the circular economy. and effective example of recycling unfortunately recycling plastic is usually more expensive than making it from scratch so there's often a lack of incentive we turn now to the world's forests another great area of concern where good intentions alone onto nuff climate change is devastating some german forests a problem for the environment and the economy one international study put the value

of germany's forests at 725000000000 euros. for the past decade a global initiative as aims to plant millions of trees and it's seen a measure of real success but as we found out it's nowhere near enough. the world's trees are disappearing at an alarming rate in brazil alone 4 and a half football fields of primeval forest are lost every minute globally our forests of shrunk by 10 percent over the past 30 years. these forests are essential to our survival they slow the global rise in temperature produce oxygen and bind carbon dioxide a mixed forest that as well managed provides wood and creates prosperity and jobs. reforestation involves planting new young trees like in this nursery where oak tree cuttings are being used to raise

a new forest. but what i'm wondering is will it work can the world's forests be restocked. 10 years ago representatives from many countries met in the german city of bonn where they agreed to restore deforested and degraded landscapes it was called the bond challenge each country set its own goals. countries all over the globe committed to planting 1500000 square kilometers of new forest by 2020. taking that's an area about half the size of the indian subcontinent. but that's not all by 2030 they're aiming to have planted up to 3500000 square kilometers that's like covering an area larger than the whole of india with trees.

it's the world's largest ever reforestation program from peru in the andes to countries across africa new forests are appearing. in india is also taking part and so is pakistan. i spoke to the director of rwanda's forestry authority how would he rate his country's progress in the bomb challenge we saw that at least so lame $100000.00 victor has been they have been good up to now which missed 4 to 5 percent of the take this is now is a reduction of. other countries like malawi have also been successful with their planting but they've still lost tree coverage overall because deforestation continues apace in other parts of the country. so we pledged for when $5000000.00 hits and this area is on farm lands is all and now

it's forests and his own community forests it's no longer reversed so it's all of them do you think you have a plus or minus you have a minus because i think their latest order based so. we're losing 39000 the yet. and if we are planting to 4000 there's no balance. overall the bomb challenge has succeeded only in slowing the pace of deforestation and saw global forests continue to shrink over the last decade alone 470000 square kilometers of forest disappeared that's an area larger than switzerland. and many experts agree that the goals of the bomb challenge are not being achieved partly because of ongoing deforestation. is the

organization behind the initiative think of it all. it is a tragic thing because obviously restoration is not an answer to everything restoration has to go hand in hand with protection of the forests that that remain you know it was never intended to take any attention away from that. germany didn't commit to any goals in the bone challenge of 30 percent of the country is already covered with forest however most of it is monoculture so the forestry authorities are gradually planting of mixed forests. it is the reason. a mixed forest is much more resistant to pests and climate stress and is much more valuable to the entire ecosystem because many more species can establish themselves here a mixed forest is also much better for building up ground water for the condition of the humans and nutrients in the soil and the owners want it. as it's

a mixed forest require more work but also create more revenue from timber to these commercial forests that most bone challenge participants are focusing on even if many nations are behind on their goals the start has been made it's vital that reforestation continues. now from forester to farmer does it make sense to take up such a profession these days or keep the tradition of the family farm going there or be in india or here in germany because it's not just become a battle against the elements and the consequences of global warming a drought in some parts and heavy rainfall in others either of which can wipe out whole harvests globalization has also ushered in a new fight against regulation competition and environmental rules big corporations also have a hand in the business leaving the farmer in a pickle. for 6 months

now thousands of families would be staging a protest on the outskirts of delhi. that demonstrating against new laws passed by the indian government last autumn the farmers fear that opening up the agricultural sector to corporations will put an end to minimum guaranteed prices for vegetables rice and other crops. in germany farmers have also been protesting in downtown bell and they're angry about the increases in environmental regulations and governmental oversight they say that puts them at a competitive disadvantage and threatens the future of smaller farms. where in the northern indian state of hari ana like hundreds of thousands of other farmers in the country freddie poda but his uncle defender still plant and harvest their crops by hand. they're still able to feed their families but say the new

legislation will soon jeopardize their livelihoods for decades the agricultural sector has been heavily regulated but many farmers believe that liberalizing the market will see large corporations dictating prices in the future. yeah right now i work with one aim in mind if i grow this much i can sell it for that much but under these new laws i lose that security. given to the government has created conditions under which farmers will no longer be able to sell their crops. the price of fuel fertilizers and seeds is rising. and we can't set any money aside. now so far me only makes sense if you can't find any other job you've got to look out of. in eastern german state of brandenburg farmers also face a complicated reality. germany already had stringent social and environmental

standards when the government started tightening them further a few years ago against china could says they make it almost impossible for farmers like him to carry on which is why he's been attending the protest in berlin. you can't hit us with all these regulations while at the same time allowing imports of cheaper goods produced a lower standard we can't compete with that. and food retailers are using their combined power to exploit the situation and so on and what do you can almost always . back in india. the who does it also raise livestock be extended family all live together in one house that had been living off funding for generations. worried about his prospects in farming port had trained to be a teacher but has found it hard to find a job. he said of what the politicians. telling us farmers what's good for

us but they never even set foot on a field. the money government supposedly wants to help it but there's not one single politician who understands farming. set of god look at me enough the government is using the tricks they're not interested in the well being of farmers they keep trying to divide us they claim we're being funded by foreign elements they want to break up the protests and aren't interested in a resolution and i'm going to go to mr garden he had. been both india and germany farmers receive subsidies the european union assigns several 1000000000 euros a year to german foreigners but he says that's not enough he complains that the market is being flooded by cheap foodstuffs. the more but just look at the foreign leases in many regions and the cost of energy labor and machinery. there are really high here compared to other countries and we have

to compete with extremely low prices. even at the subsidies the price we get for grain is no longer enough to cover our costs through. his wife works full time as a headdress and to help keep them afloat. and it's unlikely that either of their 2 adult sons will take over the farm with you so as things stand it doesn't have a future because there are just too many hurdles standing they can take. in india the protests began last november defendo holder and his nephew join the protests a number of times i'm not sure they can go to delhi again. which would mean relying on the neighbors and the women in their family to run the farm in that absence. but imagine if we lose a year's crop because we're at the protests. we need to think about the generations to come we're doing this for them they say india is

a nation of farmers but what will the future hold if you deprive farmers of their earnings. to what a family continue to support the protests and hope the government will roll back the new laws to ensure that small family run farms like that can survive. it's a sentiment shared by against china could in germany. he'd like to see a couple of cheap imports from abroad. different if i had to. if i could wish for something it would be that we only allow food products in germany that meet the same environmental and social standards that we have here. but once he. gets a wage that's at odds with an open global market and so the plight of farmers in india and in germany look set to go from bad to worse.

the future follows restoring forests the virtues of a circular economy and plastic promises that's it for this week's edition of may i stab you along i'll see you next. the back.

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stand the behavior is unacceptable it will not be allowed manufacturing ignorance starts made good on g.w. . business deal with the news live from berlin growing fear in ukraine of another russian invasion tensions between the 2 countries run high a bit of buildup of russian troops along the shared border and u.s. sent nato pledge to support ukraine's sovereignty but kiev would like to see more than just words also coming up. the u.s. is reportedly planning to withdraw all american troops from of gadgets and by the

20th anniversary of the $911.00 terror attacks on the united states later this year plus.