live from berlin up next is doc film about women competing in thailand's traditional martial arts and don't forget you can always get the latest headlines on our web site that's dot com or follow us on twitter and instagram added i mean there's a mommy is a thanks for watching. the fight against the coronavirus pandemic. has the rate of infection been developing what does the latest research say. information and context the coronavirus update 19. next on t w. i was here when i arrived here i slept with 6 people in a room. it was hard i was fair. i even got white haired.

benjamin language hit me a lot this gives me a little but you need to entrust the lives of say you want to know their story the lights her fighting and reliable information for margaret. vaccines are turning the tide but they're not without risks especially for women they've been break ace's of blood clotting even fatal ones leading some governments to slow down back to the nations we have now today chosen to continue all that she rolled out without esther cynic but each delayed puts more lives at risk as the corona virus spreads it's a balancing act between speed and caution in the fight against covert 19. the

risk of dying from cove it is much higher than getting a blood clot from a vaccine but even more concerning is a new report from oxford university that shows catching the corona virus puts you at even more risk of a deadly blood clot in a moment we'll talk to a vaccine scientist at johns hopkins university 1st this report astra zeneca 900 victor vaccine has hardly been out of the headlines since last december in till now it's been instrumental in the success of the u.k.'s vaccination program but from now on its use there will be restricted to those over 30 years of age there have been worries in the european union about its effectiveness and potential side effects germany initially restricted its use to under 60 five's now berlin is recommending it purely for over 60 s those worries were compounded by several cases of a rare thrombosis type following astra zeneca vaccinations some of them fatal. the

european medicines agency in amsterdam felt it was time to take a stance on the job its director stressing that the benefits of the antiviral agent far outweigh any risks. this vaccine has proven to be highly effective if it prevents if severe disease and hospitalized patients and he is saving lives vaccination is extremely important in helping us in the fight against scope at 19 and we need to use the back scenes we have to protect us from the devastating effects scientists have been investigating the reports and circumstances of the throne both seas britain's medicines and health care regulator agency says 20000000 doses of the astra zeneca vaccine had been at ministered by the end of march with $79.00 cases of thrombosis later reported 19 of which were fatal the cause is thought to be a rare immune reaction most of them presented some 2 weeks after inoculation there

are no apparent risk groups such as age or sex several countries like germany france and canada have tightened restrictions on the use of astra zeneca as covert 19 vaccine others have suspended it totally waiting for the e.m.a.'s verdict it has now recommended the continued unrestricted use of the astra zeneca jab regardless of any rare cases of thrombosis. mixed messages there about vaccine safety to unpack this let's bring in coastal kolaches a vaccine scientist an infectious disease physician at johns hopkins university in baltimore maryland. so let's start with astra zeneca as as we heard that's been given to more than half the adults in britain and is credited with saving tens of thousands of lives i gladly take it but authorities here in germany and other countries are blocking its use and offering no timely alternative isn't that in itself putting people's lives in danger. so when you have

a pandemic that's out of control like we have for the curve it maintain a pandemic then any facts then you have to weigh the risks and benefits of any available preventive such as a vaccine or treatment and for the astra zeneca vaccine it has been shown to have saved millions of lives already and so the the potential benefits might outweigh any risks now there are some very serious risks associated with it in very very rare circumstances and i think i think each country but also each individual needs to be able to weigh that risk benefit equation for themselves to decide whether or not they're willing to take that risk for the potential for the protection against the virus when you have a vaccine that's available and that's not being used people can die and that's something that each each government and each person needs to weigh and this isn't

only a problem with astra zeneca we've now got johnson and johnson 6000000 immunized in the united states and yet it's on hold because 6 people may have had side effects isn't one in a 1000000 an acceptable risk level during times like these. so i think that the equation in the united states it's a little bit different because we were vaccinated so many of our high risk individuals are ready and we have 2 other approved vaccines that are that are more available than that johnson and johnson fact think even this and i and i think where is europe has been gathering information about the astra zeneca vaccine for several weeks we're just starting to learn about any potential risks associated with johnson and johnson vaccine and so i think the pas is to gather that information to truly understand what that risk is is it one in a 1000000 or is there something higher is it even associate is the class at least

with in those and fortunate women associated with it and so i think the. pas is appropriate while we gather that information and make a decision about the risk benefits but i think in places where there is the virus is increasing in terms of the transmission and there is no alternative vaccine that it should be seriously considered to use this vaccine while baghdad is being gathered. in the u.s. the calculus is a little bit different because we do have to opportunity vaccines and don't seem to have that same risk the strange thing though is that and this is what will get many people especially women worried about this is that those people affected by calling were women in a certain age group and it's been a similar profile for astra zeneca as well so why is it being blocked for everyone or everyone under 60 or so. i am that is probably due

to a logistics and programatic issues but also because while we're gathering that information we need to understand better what that risk is and who truly is at risk while the majority of people who have been affected so far seem to be women there were men in europe who have had this unusual rare blood clot hammon and there was one man in the trial in the united states who had this and usual but clyde occur and so we need to gather that information and understand the process better and who truly is at risk to be able to maybe target the vaccine to people who are at lower risk but you know it's interesting that you see it because there is a lot of adverse events from vaccines that seem to particularly affect women and especially women in their productive years and that's probably because our hormones are different then in the korean post reproductive period and also for men and that

may put us that many of us have an advantage or a benefit but they may also put us at. some increased risk from the adverse events if you look at the anaphylaxis cases that are happening after the m.r.i. in a vaccines in the united states a vast majority of them are happening in women as well. so there's just there's a difference in the biology between men and women that we're just are you stand can go as far as saying that vector vaccines could be the problem in terms of the clotting that's been seen exactly. for terms of adverse events in terms of clotting and or adverse events. so each fact scene is going to have it it's different adverse events the track seem to have form has different kinds of adverse events that happen and so for the better vaccines especially for

astra zeneca potentially fatal for johnson and johnson as well it looks like clotting may be an increased risk factor. that we didn't see with the m r n a vaccines and in the united states over 100000000 people have now been vaccinated with at one of the 2 m.r. in a vaccines without the same sort of signoff that we've seen with the with the with the at with the at the various factions but this nest hasn't necessarily been seen with other ad no various facts scenes in the past so we need to better understand what is happening and i think that this pause allows scientists and researchers to really dig deep into each of these cases to better understand what's happening and also to understand the mechanisms of it has been fantastic having you on the show explain to us what all his means because of the large of johns hopkins university thank you very much for being on the show today. you very much care whatever the

risks of vaccines are here to stay for now more on that from derek williams. will we only have to be vaccinated once or will we need regular booster shots. once again the straightforward answer is we don't know yet but a lot of experts do think it's very likely that even fully vaccinated people will need booster shots in the future there are a couple of different reasons why that might become necessary the 1st involves the fact that the vaccines we're using now have been approved for emergency use because they were safe and the vast majority of people have gotten them and also extremely effective at least in the short term but we still don't know how long that effectiveness on average will last don't forget it's been under a year since the very 1st subjects and trials received their 1st shots but based

on what we know about naturally acquired immunity to the disease and what we know about other coronaviruses the general expectation among immunologists appears to be that most backs native people will remain largely immune to cope at 19 for at least 6 months and likely retain at least some immunity for a year or 2 assuming the virus doesn't mutate faster than we think however nearly all the experts i've read now also say that down the line variants of sars tovey to will change enough that we'll have to modify current vaccines at some point so the companies that make them are already in trials looking at possible ways to prolong vaccine induced immunity and

a lot of those trials will involve giving test subjects booster shots of tweets vaccines. from jerry williams i've been physical and thanks for watching stay safe and see you again so it. seems the oceans meet your own path just think how i am simply going to any of my chronic sneaked into some plastic and together we can make the made a little bit better to hold on to. i cling as an advertising strategy but is that real spot behind us or is it just greenwashing money to get a closer much. time.

to the point the strong opinions clear positions of international perspectives russia's military buildup on the border to ukraine is the largest $114.00 an extension of crimea the us to europe are urging russia to stand down to russia ukraine crisis like this because he wanted to find out something to the point. of being 60 minutes on the t w. let's get right to the. post the times are good for the. warming doesn't. douglas will come out yet if. the industry is controlling your

thoughts the great books of the 20th century. present a hoax. presumably going to. join you ignorant stores may 30 do double. we humans can be very inconsistent we demand the most exotic of holiday destinations expected to be unspoiled but don't put much thought into the carbon footprint of our flight halfway around the globe a mate of mine is headed for the tropical paradise of the boulder is chosen an island a little further away from the capital to avoid seeing the plumes of smoke that

rise from all the rubbish they've done a lot of which comes from mass tourism out of sight out of mind but deep down we know it's there still we'd like to believe the promises industry make about going green that's a topic today on made business short i was promised pristine beaches and crystal clear waters when i took a trip to lunch in malaysia a few years back the island lived up to part of the deal it was absolutely beautiful but it didn't take long to stumble across the type of plastic waste that causes a painful death of marine mammals of course it also ends up in many fish which end up on our plates not that appetizing well some companies are trying to divert those ocean plastics into something more profitable how about a pair of running shoes made out of the stuff. looks at the truth behind a very effective marketing ploy. saving the ocean by buying new recycled products.

for example with these. rocks. right there in that scale there's no such thing as recycled ocean plastic. so is recycling ocean plastic actually or is it just another green washing method that kompany. if you go shopping today recycle products are literally everywhere and the holy grail is recycled products from the. coca-cola laughs to use marine plastic for their marketing as well with their ocean ultra boosts me. i mean these as really make me believe that i can see the ocean by drinking a coke or buying a new sneaker but once you start looking into it there isn't really that much collecting of ocean plastic going on.

in the ocean you will have a really hard time getting it out again even when it's near the surface. you greeny wish it would be the. surprise is not even close oh. sure you can deploy boats that fish for plastic but this is all very expensive and relative to the millions of tons of plastic that are already in the ocean most boats only retrieve 2 tons maximum per day. even projects backed by millions of dollars struggle this tube was supposed to get rid of 90 percent of plastic in the ocean but it didn't work and the focus was shifted to rivers instead . once you will get plastic out of the ocean. you'll have dozens

of different types of plastic to sort through like these last fishing nets that professor gil young get tried to recycle for a research project. well that's worth let's see what we call. this batch is presorted but it's still a mess we need to separate out further. the ones we do. on the left side. sorting these nets according to their color is one thing but they also need to be cut down to recycle them but these really won't give up easily. it's really like your scissor. made out of wood. even recycling the stuff that we throw in our pins is pretty pretty hard like i found out in my last video.

but this is really different. especially because ocean plastic has been degraded by soles and sunlight so it uses a number of its original quality. that next step would be to get rid of. even a tiny amount of sand seaweed all shells can make plastic non-recyclable. round about 5 percent it's prone to use their receptor can work with so if we give them their material to somebody who makes pellets out of it they say not more than 5 percent of courage that's pretty clear. even when cleaned industrially sand can still be found on a microscopic level. which is why i know a lot of cases products contain a mix of ocean plastic and other recycled material but the ocean plastic can only

be a tiny tiny fraction of this planet but the airds still look like this. all of these products are made with nylon from because even the company markets its yard like it's made from actual marine litter such as discarded fishing nets known as here. things that are not made from a canoe which are made from. all made from girls here and there is. literally you know both yemenis products are very very very let less than a percent less than a personal maybe. environmental scientist on the asteroids or has been in contact with it could also several times about its problematic messaging in any email it can yield told me that ocean plastic only represents a small part of the c.r.

. for our next recycling step we had to use material prepared by professor go and get go otherwise we would have been cutting here for days. these plastic pellets have been turned into a letter opener. so this is served by the product and after all these steps you have just seen with us you can imagine how expensive such a opener that this. i would say one round about 200 euros. it's really each step. which these products are and they are made in the dust really but are about the same price as non ocean plastic products this only works by using very little ocean plastic or plastic that hasn't actually been in the ocean. right now.

there is no such thing as recycled ocean plastic. an international distributor for something called ocean bound plastic the term refers to plastic waste that is found within 50 kilometers of coastlines and is likely to end up in the ocean it applies exclusively to countries with poor waste management systems. and when you dig a little all way way deep up you'll find that a lot on the company's website. land based ocean bound plastic is everywhere. this makes it a lot easier to collect and process them plastic that has actually been in the ocean so it's cheap. let's look at prices per ton for that version plastic cost $762.00 euros and recycled plastic goes for about $870.00 euros ocean bound plastic is around $920.00 euros. this seems relatively

affordable compared to actual ocean plastic judging from the 200 year old letter opener so production costs are likely to be much higher if the real ocean plastic is used. there is no need for brands to overreach their marketing beyond what is such a powerful story of cleaning up our coastlines and supporting coastal communities why do we have to pretend that it's actually coming out of the ocean instead of just saying what it is and delivering to customers. like he does who marketed the oceans. as made from actual ocean plastic when in fact ocean bound plastic was used to produce the ship even smaller companies have difficulty with the plastic actually comes from got back the german backpack manufacturer advertises its products and as creates a trump actual ocean plastic they use

a network of fisherman and women who collect plastic and. as of now they haven't certified this production so we don't really know if it's actual plastic what we do know recycling only works as a last resort and using ocean ocean bound instead of virgin plastic is a small win for the environment just not as big as some companies want you to believe so really look at what you're buying read the fine print yes be that person embrace it otherwise your good intentions will probably just say that. at this point the cynics among us may feel justified in leaning back and saying oh that recycling racket makes no difference anyway the plastic will end up in my fish fingers no matter what but there is a lot of evidence to show recycling makes

a difference here's a look at the virtues of the circular economy which isn't much different from the way nature operates. what is the circular economy. good bye to that empty to go cap on the way to work. farewell to that pair of worn out she is. not for so long. our daily lives are dominated by a relentless round of production and. in the process we waste valuable resource squandering finite commodities like oil gas and. throwing things away creates a lot of trash and harmful emissions. maybe we should look to nature as an example it works in cycles plants grow and they need to transfer load back into the ground and the process starts all over again can't we create cycles in which today's

products become the woman tiriel of tomorrow absolutely this principle is known as a circular economy. the goal is to preserve commodities reduce carbon emissions and avoid mountains of trash. most high tech electronic devices contain rare earth elements and precious metals so a broken t.v. can be used to make the latest tablet but it's not always so simple certain products like batteries for example are truck full of chemicals and valuable materials that aren't so easy to bring back into the cycle separating all those parts from each other is costly and labor intensive but the process works well with p.t. bottles germans use about $17000000000.00 of them annually. p.t. is an artificial substance made from crude oil and natural gas the cycle begins with the production of p.t. bottles subsequently they're filled up and end up on supermarket shelves before

being sold once their contents are consumed they're then deposited into bottle recycling machines in recycling centers they turned into granulated which is used as the basis for new products such as new p.t. bottles shopping bags and football jerseys and that's how 100 percent of the recycled p.t. bottles end up back in the circular khana me. and effective example of recycling unfortunately recycling plastic is usually more expensive than making it from scratch so there's often a lack of incentive we turn now to the world's forests another great area of concern where good intentions alone on to nuff climate change is devastating some german forests a problem for the environment and the economy one international study put the value of germany's forests at 725000000000 euros for the past decade a global initiative as aims to plant millions of trees and it's seen

a measure of real success as we found out it's nowhere near enough. the world's trees are disappearing at an alarming rate in brazil alone 4 and a half football fields of primeval forest are lost every minute globally of forests of shrunk by 10 percent over the past 30 years. yet these forests are essential to our survival they slow the global rise in temperature to produce oxygen and carbon dioxide a mixed forest that is well managed provides wood and creates prosperity and jobs. reforestation involves planting new young trees like in this nursery where oak tree cuttings are being used to raise a new forest. but what i'm wondering is will it work can the world's forests be reached.

10 years ago representatives from many countries met in the german city of bonn where they agreed to restore de forest to dendy graded landscapes it was called the bond challenge each country set its own goals. countries all over the globe committed to planting 1500000 square kilometers of new forest by 2020. taking that's an area about half the size of the indian subcontinent. but that's not all. by 2030 they're aiming to have planted up to 3500000 square kilometers that's like covering an area larger than the whole of india with trees. it's the world's largest ever reforestation program from peru in the andes to countries across africa new forests are appearing. india is also taking part and so

is pakistan. i spoke to the director of rwanda's forestry authority how would he rate his country's progress in the bomb challenge we saw that at least a name $100000.00 victims has been. abducted up to now it's missed 4 to 5 percent of the take this is now is a reduction of. other countries like malawi have also been successful with their planting but they've still lost 3 coverage overall because deforestation continues apace in other parts of the country. so we pledged for when $5000000.00 and this area is on farm lands is on now did it forests and his own community forests it's

a long reversed so it's all of them you think you have a plus or minus you have a minus because i think their latest order based so. we're losing 39000 the yet. and if we are planting 4000 there's no balance. overall the bomb challenge just succeeded only in slowing the pace of deforestation and saw global forests continue to shrink over the last decade alone 470000 square kilometers of forest disappeared that's an area larger than switzerland. and many experts agree that the goals of the bomb challenge are not being achieved partly because of ongoing deforestation. is the organization behind the initiative think of it all. it is a tragic thing because obviously restoration is not an answer to everything

restoration has to go hand in hand with protection of the forests that that remain you know was never intended to take any attention away from that. germany didn't commit to any goals in the bone challenge the 30 percent of the country is already covered with forest however most of it is monoculture so the forestry authorities are gradually planting of mixed forests. which motive is the reason. a mixed forest is much more resistant to pests and climate stress and is much more valuable to the entire ecosystem because many more species can establish themselves here a mixed forest is also much better for building up ground water for the condition of the humans and nutrients in the soil and the owner's wallet. because it's a mixed forests require more work but also create more revenue from timber to these

commercial forests that most don't challenge participants are focusing on even if many nations are behind on their goals the start has been made it's vital that reforestation continues. now for a forester to farmer as it makes sense to take up such a profession these days or keep the tradition of the family farm going there or be in india or here in germany because it's not just become a battle against the elements and the consequences of global warming drought in some parts and heavy rainfall in others either of which can wipe out whole harvests globalization has also ushered in a new fight against regulation competition and environmental rules big corporations also have a hand in the business leaving the farmer in a pickle. for 6 months now thousands of families have been staging a protest on the outskirts of delhi. that demonstrating against new laws passed by

the indian government last autumn the farmers fear that opening up the agricultural sector to corporations will put an end to the minimum guarantee prices for vegetables rice and other crops. in germany farmers have also been protesting in downtown dallas and they're angry about the increases in environmental regulations and governmental oversight they say that puts them at a competitive disadvantage and threatens the future of smaller farms. where in the northern indian state of hardy ana like hundreds of thousands of other farmers in the country. but his uncle the vendor still plant and harvest their crops by hand. they're still able to feed their families but say the new legislation will soon jeopardize their livelihoods for decades the agricultural sector has been heavily regulated but many farmers believe that liberalizing the

market will see large corporations dictating prices in the future. there's a right now i work with one aim in mind if i grow this much i can sell it for that much but under these new laws i lose that security. not given a set of garden the government has created conditions under which farmers will no longer be able to sell their crops. the price of fuel fertilizers and seeds is rising. and we can't set any money aside. now so far me only makes sense if you can't find any other job you've got a lot. in eastern german state of brandenburg farmers also face a complicated reality. germany already had stringent social and environmental standards when the government started tightening them further a few years ago against china could says they make it almost impossible for farmers like him to carry on which is why he's been attending the protest in berlin. you

can't hit us with all these regulations well at the same time allowing imports of cheaper goods produced to lower standards we can't compete with that. and food retailers are using their combined power to exploit the situation with $300.00. back in india. the who also raise livestock be extended family own live together in one house and have been living off farming for generations. worried about his prospects in farming pretty poor they're trained to be a teacher but has found it hard to find a job. if what the politicians are telling us farmers what's good for us but they never even set foot on a field. the mahdi government supposedly wants to help but there's not one single politician who understands farming. set of god look at you not the government is

using tricks they're not interested in the well being of farmers they keep trying to divide us they claim we're being funded by foreign elements they want to break up the protests and aren't interested in a resolution and i'm going to go to mr gordon here. in both india and germany farmers receive subsidies the european union assigns several 1000000000 euros a year to german farmers but he says that's not enough he complains that the market is being flooded by cheap food stuff. fs. because just look at the farm leases in many regions and the cost of energy labor and machinery. there are really high here compared to other countries and we have to compete with extremely low prices with nickel even of the subsidies the price we get for grain is no longer enough to cover our costs through. his wife

works full time as a headdress and to help keep them afloat. and it's unlikely that either of their 2 adult sons will take over the far. as things stand it doesn't have a future because there are just too many hurdles standing they can take. in india the protests began last november defender holder and his nephew joined the protests a number of times i'm not sure they can go to delhi again. which would mean relying on the neighbors and the women in their family to run the farm in their absence. but imagine if we lose a year's crop because we're at the protests. we need to think about the generations to come we're doing this for them they say india is a nation of farmers but what will the future hold if you deprive farmers of their earnings. for the family continue to support the protests and hope the

government will roll back the new laws to ensure that small family run farms like theirs can survive. it's a sentiment shared by against china could in germany. people like to see a curve on cheap imports from abroad. given to fly you have to move into if i could wish for something it would be that we only allow food products into germany that meet the same environmental and social standards that we have here. but once he. gets a wage that's at odds with an open global market and so the plight of farmers in india and in germany look set to go from bad to worse. the future follows restoring forests the virtues of

a circular economy and plastic promises that's it for this week's edition of may i stab you along i'll see you next. the back.

to the point. clear position international perspective. russia's military buildup on the border to ukraine is the largest seller of the 14 an expansion of crimea the u.s. and europe are urging russia to stand down the brush a ukraine crisis what does he want to find out from the bottom of the coin to cut. in 30 minutes on t.w. . can't.

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and they share private footage with us that has never been seen before. bactrim mobile starts of people 20 minutes on t w. how does a virus spread. why do we panic and when we'll all miss them. just 3 of the topics covered and we couldn't read your book. if you would like and the information on the coronavirus or any other science topic you should really check out our podcast if you need it wherever you get your podcast you can also find us at w dot com look for it slash science. until i was wrong told my dignity 77. scent takes on modern slavery shedding light on the

feet of them in the nigerian women in italy obscene women who wear. forced going to prostitution stories told to punish you for sneaking interesting stories. and exclusive edition of the 77 percent. contained on t w. this is news and these are top stories. u.s. secretary of state anthony blinken has made an unannounced visit to afghanistan after president biden confirmed that all american troops will leave by september 11th blinken said his visit was to demonstrate america's ongoing commitment to the country. u.s. president biden has announced a new round of sanctions against russia including the expulsion of 10 russian diplomats it's in response to alleged interference and.